胰十二指肠切除术患者的心理干预等个性化护理效果分析

目的:对胰十二指肠切除术抑郁症患者住院期间实施包括心理干预在内的个性化护理并评价其效果.方法:将我院2009年3月至2012年3月收治胰十二指肠切除术患者56例后随机分成对照组和干预组各28例,对照组接受常规护理,干预组住院期间接受心理干预在内的个性化护理.在入院当天、术前天和出院前1天对两组患者进行抑郁自评量表(SDS)并比较两组患者的SDS和分值,统计两组患者住院时间和并发症.结果:干预组患者SDS分值的降低幅度较对照组明显;差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)前者住院时间、并发症要少于后者,且满意率高.结论:心理干预等个性化护理能有效改善患者围手术期的抑郁情绪,减少并发症,有助于早期康复.表2,参10.     

适量运动提高慢性疲劳综合症小鼠脾细胞IL-2含量

观察运动量对慢性疲劳综合症（CFS）小鼠脾脏指数及脾细胞IL-2水平的影响,为CFS运动处方的研究奠定实验基础．方法：将40只小鼠随机地分成4组,即Ⅰ组（正常对照组）、Ⅱ组（CFS对照组）、Ⅲ组（CFS运动1组）、Ⅳ组（CFS运动2组）,每组10只．通过立竭性游泳建立CFS小鼠模型,观察不同强度运动后,计算脾脏指数,ELISA检测小鼠脾细胞IL-2含量．Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组脾脏指数明显高于Ⅰ组（P〈0．05）,且Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组脾脏指数明显低于Ⅱ组（P〈0．05）;Ⅳ组脾细胞IL-2诱生量明显高于Ⅱ组（P〈0．05）．适量运动能明显改善CFS小鼠脾脏指数并促进其脾细胞分泌IL-2．表2,参7．     

老年患者罗哌卡因与布比卡因蛛网膜下腔阻滞效果的比较

比较老年患者下肢手术罗哌卡因与布比卡因蛛网膜下腔阻滞效果．方法：择期骨科下肢手术的高龄病人80例,随机分为两组,R组（n=40）蛛网膜下腔注入5mg／ml罗哌卡因3ml,B组（n=40）蛛网膜下腔注入5mg／ml布比卡因3m1．采用针刺法评估感觉阻滞效果,记录感觉阻滞起效时间、运动阻滞起效时间、最高感觉阻滞平面、麻醉维持时间、术中麻醉质量与肌松效果及用药后的不良反应．结果：与B组比较,R组运动阻滞起效时间较长,运动阻滞和感觉阻滞维持时间较短（P〈0．05）;感觉阻滞起效时间差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）;两组麻醉质量和肌松效果均较好,麻醉质量及肌松效果无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;两组不良反应发生率均较低,且差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）．结论：老年病人下肢手术患者采用罗哌卡因蛛网膜下腔阻滞术中麻醉质量及肌松效果良好,且其运动阻滞维持时间较布比卡因短,有利于术后的恢复和功能锻炼．表4,参7．     

2，4’-DDT对斑马鱼生长、繁殖力及卵黄蛋白原的影响

以斑马鱼体内卵黄蛋白原（Vtg）作为雌激素污染物的生物标志物,比较研究了不同浓度2,4。DDT对成年斑马鱼生长、发育、繁殖以及体内Vtg含量的影响。结果表明,当水环境中p（2,4。DDT）为2和10μg·L-1时,斑马鱼产卵量和受精率与空白和溶剂对照组相比均显著下降（P〈0．05）。当水环境中P（2,4。DDT）为0．2、2和10μg·L-1时,斑马鱼肝脏指数与空白和溶剂对照组相比显著升高（P〈0．05）;10μg·L。2,4。DDT处理组雄性斑马鱼体内Vtg含量显著高于空白和溶剂对照组（P〈0．05）,而0．2、2和10μg·L～2,4。DDT处理组雌性斑马鱼体内Vtg含量均显著高于空白和溶剂对照组（P〈0．05）,且随暴露浓度的增加而增大。SDS—PAGE检测及免疫印迹分析均显示雄鱼血液内出现Vtg特异条带,表明2,4。DDT对斑马鱼具有雌激素效应。     

六溴环十二烷及其复合污染脑发育期暴露对大鼠甲状腺激素代谢过程的影响

研究六溴环十二烷（HBCD）及其复合污染对发育期幼鼠甲状腺激素代谢过程的影响。设计HBCD单一暴露剂量（10、50、100、300ttg·kg-1）,及HBCD与等浓度商用多溴联苯醚DE-71按2：1复合暴露剂量（10、50、100、300gg·kg-1）,对新生3d的SD大鼠进行为期42d的暴露,放射免疫法测定血清中甲状腺激素（TT3,TT4,FT3,FT4,TSH）水平,并分别测定肝脏和脑组织中甲状腺激素脱碘酶（D1,D2）活性及其对应基因的相对表达水平。与对照组相比较,经HBCD暴露后,大鼠血清中TT4、TT3、FT4、FT3浓度随着暴露剂量增大呈现先升高后下降的趋势,其中10μg·kg-1剂量组的FT3质量分数显著升高（P〈0．05）,300μg·kg-1剂量组的FT4质量分数显著下降（P〈0．05）;TSH则呈现下降趋势。lO、50及300μg·kg-1剂量组的TSH质量分数均显著下降（P〈0．05）。HBCD／DE-7l复合暴露后,大鼠血清中TT4、TT3、FT4、FT3浓度随着暴露剂量的增大呈升高趋势,其中50μg·kg-1剂量组TT4质量分数显著升高（P〈0．05）,50μg·kg-1及300μg·kg-1剂量组FT4质量分数显著升高（P〈0．05）,300μg·kg-1剂量组FT3质量分数显著升高（P〈0．05）。单一暴露后,D1活性及基因表达水平均呈下降趋势,300gμg·kg-1剂量组基因表达水平下降显著（P〈0．05）;D2活性及基因表达水平则均呈现下降趋势,50μg·kg-1剂量组均显著下降（P〈0．05）;HBCD／DE-71复合暴露后,D1、D2活性及其基因表达水平则均呈升高趋势,其中100μg·kg-1剂量组D1活性及基因表达水平均显著性升高（P〈0．05）,300μg·kg-1剂量组D2活性显著性升高（P〈0．05）。HBCD及HBCD／DE-71复合污染物均能通过改变甲状腺激素代谢酶的活性及mRNA表达水平进一步影响机体甲状腺激素的内稳态平衡,且HBCD单一暴露与HBCD／DE-71复合暴露对机体毒性作用途径及所产生的毒性效果存在着很大的差异。     

健康教育者的沟通能力对教育依从性的影响

了解健康教育者的沟通能力对教育依从性的影响．其方法是从2008年1月至2009年9月在南华大学附属南华医院体检中心进行体检的人员中抽取140名血压处于高血压病前期,存在2种以上高血压危险因素的体检者．将其随机分为二组,并将教育者按沟通能力强、弱分为A、B二组（A组沟通能力强于B组）,进行健康教育,包括疾病认知、疾病危险因素（含饮酒、吸烟、高盐高脂饮食、运动）等方面的干预指导;并对干预前、后疾病认知及危险因素增减进行对比．结果表明通过1年健康教育,A、B两组疾病认知率明显提高,疾病危险因素明显减少;两组干预前、后对比差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）．但两组的干预效果仍存在较大差异,两组疾病认知率提高之差为15．7％、饮酒下降率之差为12．9％、吸烟下降率之差为22．9％、高盐高脂饮食下降率之差为17．2％、较少活动减少率之差为11．5％．两组干预效果比较差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）．结论健康教育者的沟通能力对教育的依从性有较大影响,提高教育者的沟通能力是做好健康教育的重要环节．表3,参12．     

丹参川芎嗪联合黄芪注射液治疗稳定型心绞痛的临床疗效观察

评价丹参川芎嗪注射液与黄芪注射液合用治疗稳定型心绞痛的临床疗效．将64例稳定型心绞痛患者随机分为两组,治疗组32例用丹参川芎嗪注射液与黄芪注射液各20ml加入5％葡萄糖250mL中静脉输注,每日1次,14d1疗程,用药1疗程;对照组32例用黄芪注射液20ml加入5％葡萄糖250mL中静脉输注,每日1次,14d1疗程,用药1疗程．观察两组临床症状、心电图、血脂等指标．治疗组临床总有效率为93．7％,心电图总有效率为71．9％;对照组分别为53．1％和46．9％,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05）．治疗组治疗后血液流变学指标显著降低（P〈0．01）．丹参川芎嗪注射液与黄芪注射液联合治疗稳定型心绞痛疗效确切．表3,表8．     

中西医结合治疗慢性胃窦炎50例临床观察

将50例慢性胃窦炎患者随机分为两组，治疗50例在对照组的基础上同时服用中药以疏肝理气和胃降逆为主。对照组的50例口服，果胶铋，羟氨苄胶囊，替硝唑治疗，两组以15d为1疗程，共治疗2个疗程．治疗组治愈32例，总有效率94．8％；对照组治愈25例，总有效率为77．8％，治率组的总有效率明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）．结果表明：中西医结合治疗慢性胃窦炎具有较好的临床疗效．     

综合护理干预对消化性溃疡患者的效果评价

目的评价综合护理干预对消化性溃疡患者临床治疗效果.方法选取南华大学附属南华医院收治的168例消化性溃疡患者作为研究对象,将患者随机分为干预组和对照组,每组84例,干预组在对照组基础上,结合心理干预、认知干预、饮食干预、用药干预、健康教育等综合护理干预措施,对照组患者仅仅给予常规治疗与护理,比较两组临床疗效的差异.结果干预组总有效率90.5%,对照组总有效率76.2%,干预组明显优于对照组,经统计学处理差异有显著性(P0.05).结论对消化性溃疡患者实施积极地心理干预等综合护理干预措施,能够提高患者对疾病的认知水平,有效提高治疗效果.     

衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地自然恢复过程中微生物量碳动态变化

以典型的衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地植被不同恢复阶段为研究对象,采用空间代替时间序列方法,选用立地条件基本相似的裸荒地、草本群落、灌木群落和乔木群落等4类典型样地,分别代表群落演替进程中4个不同的演替阶段,通过调查取样和实验分析,探索不同演替阶段土壤微生物量碳（MBC）的大小与活性。结果表明：（1）土壤有机碳（SOC）与MBC呈先下降后增大的趋势,其差异在各演替阶段达显著水平（P〈0．05）,SOC与MBC呈现显著正相关关系（P〈0．05）;（2）微生物熵（MQ）与代谢熵（qC02）呈显著负相关关系（P〈0．05）,随着演替的进行,MQ整体上呈现出下降趋势,各演替阶段其值的差异达显著水平（P〈0．05）;（3）MQ与MBC呈极显著负相关（P〈0．01）,并随着演替的进行,呈现出先升后降的变化趋势,各演替阶段qCO2的差异达显著水平（P〈0．05）;（4）在演替初期,土壤有效基质逐渐降低,而在演替后期有效基质不断增加,此有利于SOC与MBC的提高,有利于土壤肥力的提高。研究结果将丰富该地区植物生态学与恢复生态学的内容,为衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地生态系统的恢复与重建提供了重要依据。     

COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者无创通气的护理体会

探讨COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭神志清楚患者无创通气的护理体会.方法:南华大学附属第一医院呼吸内科2009年1月-2012年2月收治的98例COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭应用无创正压通气治疗的清醒患者,随机分为护理干预组(观察组)与对照组各49例,其中观察组给予系统的护理干预;对照组仅采取一般护理措施.比较两组患者治疗后呼吸参数.结果:护理干预组的pH、PaO2、SaO2等参数明显高于对照组,而PaCO2明显低于对照组.表1,参5.     

Acute toxicity of waterborne manganese to Rutilus caspicus (Yakovlev, 1870) – gill histopathology,immune indices,oxidative condition,and saltwater resistance

The acute toxicity of manganese (Mn) in Caspian roach Rutilus caspicus was determined. The 96 h-LC₅₀ was calculated to be 300 (240–360) mg L^?1. Then, fish were exposed for 96 h to 300 (96 h-LC₅₀), 150 (50% of 96 h-LC₅₀), 60 (20% of 96 h-LC₅₀), and 0 (control group) mg L^?1 Mn. Exposure to all Mn concentrations led to fish gill damages, including epithelial lifting, hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, aneurism, and lamellar curling. Also, the fish exposed to all Mn concentrations showed decreased plasma alternative complement and lysozyme activity. Whole body superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde showed significant increases in the Mn-exposed fish which also exhibited lower tolerance to saltwater than the control group.     

十溴联苯醚(BDE 209)孕哺期及出生后暴露对子代小鼠血液系统影响初探

本研究旨在探讨BDE 209长期暴露对出生后不同发育阶段子鼠血液系统的影响。将75只雌性昆明小鼠随机分为对照组、低剂量组(1.5 mg·kg-1·d-1)和高剂量组(225 mg·kg-1·d-1)。BDE 209暴露10 d后,将雌鼠与雄鼠合笼。选取怀孕时间相近(相差不过2 d)的10只孕鼠持续染毒直至自然分娩。出生后子鼠在哺乳期通过母乳染毒,断乳后则按照与母鼠相同的方式进行染毒,并在不同时间点进行外周血常规、外周血形态学、骨髓细胞形态学、骨髓细胞染色体组型和数目分析。血常规结果显示,低、高剂量BDE 209暴露对出生后不同发育阶段子鼠的白细胞计数没有影响,即白细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞及单核细胞的数量均无显著变化(P0.05);红细胞系统检查显示一定性别差异,即低剂量和高剂量BDE 209染毒的雄性小鼠在PND30出现红细胞(RBC)(P0.05)、血红蛋白(Hb)(P0.05或P0.01)及红细胞压积(P0.05或P0.01)的显著降低;而雌性小鼠只在PND 30出现红细胞压积的降低(P0.05);在PND 30,高剂量暴露组的雌性及雄性小鼠,低剂量暴露组的雌性小鼠均出现血小板计数的显著降低(P0.05或P0.01);而PND 60、PND 90的实验组血小板均未观察到显著改变(P0.05)。外周血形态学检查表明,低剂量组在PND 30、PND 60,及高剂量组在PND 90检测到典型异常结果多表现为白细胞数的增多。而低剂量组在PND 90检测到的典型异常结果多表现为异型深染淋巴细胞(P0.05)。骨髓形态学检测表明,低剂量组子代雄性及雌性小鼠在PND 60、PND 90骨髓涂片可检测到骨髓细胞的异常结果,表现为骨髓增生活跃,高剂量组雄性小鼠在PND 90观察到3例异常涂片,表现为骨髓增生异常(P0.05)。研究结果表明,BDE 209长期暴露可能导致出生子代外周血和骨髓的毒性,提示具有血液系统发育毒性。     

循证护理在手术室的应用

为解决手术过程遇到的护理问题,利用进行循征和实施护理干预,通过与未实施循证护理同期比较,护理问题发生率明显下降或消除,得出循证护理能有效解决手术中的护理问题,提高护理质量的结论.     

Effective interventions on health effects of Chinese rural elderly under heat exposure

● Education and subsidy were effective interventions during short-term heat exposure. ● A new index was defined to evaluate the intervention performance. ● Blood pressure and sleep duration were more heat-sensitive for the elderly. Due to climate change, the heatwave has become a more serious public health threat with aging as an aggravating factor in recent years. There is a pressing need to detect the most effective prevention and response measures. However, the specific health effects of interventions have not been characterized on an individual scale. In this study, an intervention experiment was designed to explore the health effects of heat exposure at the individual level and assess the effects of different interventions based on a comprehensive health sensitivity index (CHSI) in Xinyi, China. Forty-one subjects were recruited randomly, and divided into one control group and three intervention groups. Interventions included education (Educate by lecturing, offering relative materials, and communication), subsidy support (offer subsidy to offset the cost of running air conditioning), and cooling-spray (install a piece of cooling-spray equipment in the yard). Results showed that systolic blood pressure (SBP) and deep sleep duration (DSD) were significantly affected by short-term heat exposure, and the effects could be alleviated by three types of interventions. The estimated CHSI indicated that the effective days of the education group were longer than other groups, while the lower CHSI of the subsidy group showed lower sensitivity than the control group. These findings provide feasible implementation strategies to optimize Heat-health action plans and evaluate the intervention performance.     

Time-dependent effects of pentabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) on thyroid hormones and histology in rats

In order to examine the time-dependent effects of pentabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-99) on thyroid hormones levels and histological structure in rats, 4-week-old SD rats were divided into 10 groups randomly, according to their body weight. Rats in treatment groups were orally gavaged with BDE-99 at the dose of 60 mg kg^?1 for 10, 15, 20, 30 or 40 days, while rats in control group received equal volume of corn oil. Serum levels of thyroxine (FT4), triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Sections of thyroids were dyed with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) to detect any pathologically alterations. In BDE-99 treated groups, on day 10, changes in serum levels of FT4, FT3 and TSH were not found. On days 15 and 20, serum levels of FT4 and FT3 decreased, accompanied by increased levels of TSH. On days 30 and 40, serum levels of these hormones returned to control values. As for alterations in histology, on day 15, follicular epithelium of the thyroid were found to proliferate into two layers in BDE-99 treated rats. On day 20, in focal areas the two-layer follicular epithelia were observed to continuously proliferate into 3–4 layers of follicular epithelium, called hyperplasia plaques. On days 30 and 40, solid buds and secondary follicles to solid buds were detected. The earliest alteration of thyroid hormones in treated SD rats occurred at the duration of 10–15 days, with corresponding histopathologic changes. As the exposure time increased, the serum level of hormones and histopathology altered accordingly in a time-dependent manner.     

全氟辛磺酸（PFOS）对非洲爪蟾（Xenopus laevis）生长发育、甲状腺和性腺组织学的影响

为了揭示全氟辛磺酸(PFOS)的甲状腺激素和性激素干扰效应,并探索运用爪蟾动物模型同时检测多种环境内分泌干扰效应的可能性,将NF48阶段非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)蝌蚪暴露于0.01、0.1和1mg·L-1PFOS中6个月,检测PFOS对爪蟾生长、变态、甲状腺和性腺的影响.结果表明,在各取样时间,PFOS组爪蟾体长、体重和蝌蚪尾长与对照组均无显著差异(p>0.05);2个月后,PFOS组比对照组平均慢1个发育阶段,4和6个月后,0.01mg·L-1PFOS组反而比对照组分别快1和2个发育阶段.6个月后,PFOS组甲状腺出现滤泡上皮细胞增生、胶质减少甚至空泡化等现象,且随着PFOS浓度的增加而加重;各组幼蛙性腺出现间性、睾丸珍珠状和先天性萎缩等畸形现象,外观为间性的性腺主要表现为睾丸组织中产生类似雌性个体的卵巢腔.对照组幼蛙的雌雄比为0.5:1,而暴露组分别为2.3:1(0.01mg·L-1组)、4.5:1(0.1mg·L-1组)和5:1(1mg·L-1组).上述结果表明,PFOS对爪蟾的变态过程具有小剂量刺激效应,能引起甲状腺组织结构的损伤,导致睾丸组织的雌性化和雌雄性比的异常升高,表现出明显的甲状腺激素和性激素干扰效应,可以认定为一种环境内分泌干扰物.实验同时表明非洲爪蟾可以用于多种环境内分泌干扰效应的同时检测.     

Effects of different endogenous fungi on the mass loss and nutrient content of leaf litter of Cunninghamia lanceolata北大核心CSCD

To explore the role of endophytic fungi in the decomposition of litter, the endophytic fungi Penicillium sp. strain CG2 (A), Fusarium flavum strain AY13 (B), and Talaromyces strain AJ14 (C) of Cunninghamia lanceolata were added to experimental pots in different forms (mycelium, sterilized fermentation broth, single fungus, and mixed fungi), and a control treatment (CK) was set up (no fungi added). At 10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after litter decomposition, a study on the decomposition dynamics of C. lanceolata litter under different treatments was performed. The results showed that the rate of leaf mass loss was the highest in the sterilized fermentation broth treatment A after 120 days, and that there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the mycelium treatment AC and the control treatment after 60 days (23.97% higher than the control group). On day 60, the litter carbon content from the mycelium treatment A was significantly different from that of the control (P < 0.05), showing a 16.74% lower value, whereas the litter carbon content of the mycelium treatment B was 21.13% lower than that of the control after 90 days. The nitrogen content of the litters of most mycelium and sterilized fermentation broth treatments was increased compared to that of the control group; there was significant difference (P < 0.05) between the sterilized fermentation broth treatment A and the control (P < 0.05), with a 17.05% higher value than that of the control. Similar to nitrogen, the litter phosphorus content also increased; there was a statistically significant difference between the mycelium treatment A and the control group, with treatment A showing a 46.67% higher value than the control group. The potassium content was 28% lower than that of the control group under the sterilized fermentation broth treatment C, a result that was significantly different from that of the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment for 90 days, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen was the lowest under the treatments with the mycelium A and the mycelium B, with values 25.54% and 25.11% lower than that of the control group, respectively, and a statistically significant difference from that of the control group (P < 0.05). The ratio of carbon to phosphorus was the lowest under the treatment with mycelium A after 60 days, and the result was significantly different from that of the control (P < 0.05), with a 43.05% lower value than the control. Thus, the three endophytic fungi had different effects on the mass loss rate and nutrient content of the litter. The Penicillium sp. strain CG2 (A) had statistically significant effects on the mass loss and nutrient content of leaf litter, which was within the range of fungi fertilizer reference values for the breeding of C. lanceolata. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Evaluation of vitamin E and calcium effects on fluoride toxicity-induced fertility impairment

Chronic fluoride (Fl) toxicity is a serious public health problem globally where drinking water contains more than 1 ppm of Fl. Sodium fluoride (NaF) produced male reproductive system toxicity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the amelioration of Fl toxicity-induced fertility impairment by vitamin E and calcium during the withdrawal period. The study was carried out on 70 adult male albino rats divided into five main groups: group I control; subdivided into group Ia (maintained on standard diet and water ad libitum for 60 days) and group Ib (maintained on standard diet and water ad libitum for 120 days), group II was administered NaF and subdivided into group IIa (administered NaF for 60 day and sacrificed) and group IIb (administered NaF for 60 day then maintained on standard diet and water ad libitum for a further 60 days), and treated groups III, IV, and V were administered NaF. Rats were maintained during withdrawal from NaF, on vitamin E (10 mg kg^?1 day^?1 for 60 days), calcium (50 mg kg^?1 day^?1 orally for 60 days), and both vitamin E and calcium, respectively. The duration of NaF administration was 60 days at a dose 20 mg kg^?1 day^?1 for all treated groups. The following parameters were determined: body and organ weights, sperm motility, sperm morphology, sperm viability, fertility test, and hormone assays: testosterone, in vitro testosterone production, luteinizing hormone, and follicular stimulating hormone. The combined administration of vitamin E and calcium during withdrawal from NaF showed significant improvement from chronic FL-induced toxicity on male reproductive organs.     

Antioxidant responses in the polychaete Perinereis gualpensis (Nereididae) exposed to the carbon nanomaterial fullerene (C60)

The objective of this study was to analyse biochemical responses induced by the carbon nanomaterial fullerene (C₆₀) in the polychaete Perinereis gualpensis (Nereididae). The activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), as well as total antioxidant capacity, concentration of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (TBARS), were analysed. Estuarine worms were maintained in sediments collected at an unpolluted site and spiked with fullerene (3 mg C₆₀·g^?1 sediment). A control group was run in parallel. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of sediment and fullerene indicated that the size of the carbon nanomaterial should enable it to be ingested by the polychaete. No evidence of oxidative damage (TBARS) was observed in any of the treatments, and the same was true for GSH and GCL measurements (p>0.05). Total antioxidant capacity was higher in the C₆₀ group after 2 and 7 d when compared with the control group (p<0.05), suggesting that fullerene is acting as an antioxidant. The fact that P. gualpensis is an infaunal organism diminishes the chance of fullerene photoexcitation with consequent reactive oxygen species production. Thus, the data indicated an absence of toxic responses mediated by oxidative stress in estuarine worms exposed to C₆₀ mixed in sediments.