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王瑜 《中国安全生产科学技术》2011,7(4):144-147
石棉纤维对人体健康有不良影响,可致肺纤维化、肺癌、胸膜间皮瘤、胸膜斑等。目前世界上多数国家特别是发达国家都倾向于逐渐削减石棉的使用量以至禁止使用,而我国是石棉生产和使用大国,因此研究我国石棉粉尘危害情况对促进我国经济发展和预防职业病的发生具有重要意义。本文在对全国重点企业重点行业石棉加工企业充分调研的基础上,对石棉粉尘的区域危害状况、行业危害状况和不同生产环节的危害状况进行对比分析,分析了目前我国石棉粉尘危害的地区分布特征、行业分布特征以及主要工艺环节分布特征,并指出了石棉粉尘危害比较严重的地区、行业和生产环节,分析了上述地区、行业、生产环节石棉粉尘危害情况严重的的主要原因,并初步探讨了石棉粉尘的防护措施。 相似文献
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我国作为温石棉的生产和使用大国,在温石棉及其制品的危害及防控方面开展了较为系统的研究,但对于其他主要国家在温石棉安全使用政策和法规方面的研究则相对较少。本文简要介绍温石棉安全使用的理论基础,对美国、加拿大等主要国家在温石棉安全生产和使用方面的主要政策和法规进行研究,并对我国温石棉产业政策以及相关法规进行梳理,通过对比发现,我国与美国、加拿大等国家在温石棉及其制品的安全使用法规、标准建设等方面存在一定差距。最后,基于相关对比分析结果,对我国温石棉产业职业病防治、环境保护以及温石棉制品等方面的法规标准的建设提出建议。 相似文献
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我国石棉替代品生产、使用、危害及防护措施状况 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
虽然石棉的用途广泛、价格低廉 ,但因其危害严重 ,存在着致癌问题 ,部分发达国家对石棉的使用进行了严格限制 ;为了降低石棉对人体健康的伤害 ,国际上大力提倡使用石棉替代品。针对我国石棉替代品使用的现状 ,重点对目前使用最多的石棉替代品 :玻璃棉、岩棉等的生产、使用、危害及其防护措施状况进行了概要的回顾和简单分析。 相似文献
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日本、韩国、东盟与我国石棉危害预防控制现状 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
简要介绍了日本、韩国、东盟各国以及我国石棉危害预防控制工作的现状,提出我国当前形势下应开展石棉危害现状的调研,研究建立石棉使用的许可管理制度,加强温石棉及其替代品危害性研究,并加强有关领域石棉危害预防控制法规政策的制定。 相似文献
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石棉的开采与加工在我国已历半个多世纪,基本形成了石棉工业体系。在科学技术飞速发展的今天,预测2000年石棉工业的发展前景,提出石棉粉尘防治的对策,将有助于我国石棉工业的健康发展。一、石棉工业的前景石棉具有不燃、抗拉强度高、耐腐蚀、耐高温、绝缘等许多独特的性能,被广泛应用于国民经济和国防建设的各个领域,目前 相似文献
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森林资源价值及人力成本对森林火灾扑救方式的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了我国现行的一些林火扑救的基本方式,应用经济分析的方法,根据我国未来经济政治变化趋势,分析森林资源价值及人力成本变化对我国林火扑救方式的影响,并对我国未来的森林火灾扑救方式选择进行定性的讨论和预测。 相似文献
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随着LPG混空气技术在工业和日常生活中的大规模使用,LPG储运、空混气的制备与储运以及空混气的使用等各个环节的潜在危险也就越来越明显地暴露出来,一旦发生事故,其后果十分严重. 对LPG混空气工程存在的危险因素进行分析,并提出了有针对性的措施及安全边界条件. 相似文献
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It has been suggested that pedestrians listening to personal music devices (PMD) are more likely to be involved in accidents than those not listening to PMDs. Though it has been demonstrated that pedestrians on cell phones exhibit less cautionary behaviour when street crossing (
[Hatfield and Murphy, 2007],
[Nasar et al., 2008] and [Stavrinos et al., 2009]), little research has been conducted with PMD users. In the present study, cautionary behaviour (e.g., looking before crossing a road) was observed and recorded for pedestrians with or without PMDs. Amongst males, pedestrians listening to PMDs displayed more looking behaviour than those not listening to PMDs. Females showed no differences between the two conditions. Thus, unlike cell phones, PMDs do not decrease the cautionary behaviour of pedestrians. This suggests that cell phones and PMDs are two different types of distractions, and this needs to be taken into account when developing methods to prevent pedestrian accidents in the future. 相似文献
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本文通过从电梯行业的流通各环节进行讨论,介绍各环节涉及主体、各主体存在的问题及各主体间的联系,重点探讨关于在居民公用电梯使用中业主安全主体责任不明晰、未能有效落实的问题.并为如何有效落实业主在电梯安全管理中的主体责任提出几点对策,以期为降低电梯带病运行的可能、最大程度消除潜藏安全隐患提供一定的参考,从而规范电梯行业安全管理. 相似文献
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为保证工作面安全高效回撤,通过理论分析及现场观测法,研究综采工作面末采期间回撤通道围岩应力分布及破坏特征,提出垛架支撑力控制顶板围岩破坏机制及方法,得到垛架最小支撑力计算方法.结果表明:回撤通道围岩集中应力与工作面前方支承压力逐步叠加,导致剩余煤柱由两侧向中部逐渐破坏,当两侧破坏区连通时,煤柱上方直接顶跨距增加为原来的... 相似文献
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Nearly 130 years ago Holtzwart and von Meyer (1891) demonstrated by experiments that explosible dust clouds could be ignited by inductive electric sparks. Then more than half a century passed before the publication of the important quantitative research of Boyle and Llewellyn (1950) and Line et al. (1959). They worked with capacitive electric sparks and found that the minimum capacitor energies ½CU2 required for ignition of various dust clouds in air decreased substantially when a large series resistance, in the range 104–107 Ω, was introduced in the discharge circuit. When considering that the net energies of the sparks themselves were only of the order of 10% of the ½CU2 discharged, the minimum net spark energies required for ignition with a large series resistance were only a few per cent of the net energies required without such a resistance.Line et al. observed that the essential effect of increasing the series resistance, and hence increasing the discharge time of the sparks, was to reduce the disturbance of the dust cloud by the blast wave from the spark. This phenomenon was explored further by Eckhoff (1970, 2017), and subsequently by some simple experiments by Eckhoff and Enstad (1976). Franke (1974, 1977) and Laar (1980) confirmed the additional finding of Line et al. (1959) that the minimum ½CU2 for ignition is also substantially reduced by including a series inductance in the discharge circuit, rather than a series resistance. The basic reason is the same as with a large series resistance, viz. increased spark discharge time and hence decreased disturbance of the dust cloud by blast wave from the spark. For this reason inclusion of an appreciable series inductance in the spark discharge circuit is an essential element in current standard MIE test methods.In experiments with spark ignition of transient dust clouds produced by a blast of air in a closed vessel, it is necessary to synchronize the occurrence of the spark with the formation of the dust cloud. The precision required from this type of synchronization is typically of the order of 10 ms, which can be obtained even by mechanical arrangements, such as rapid change of spark gap length, or of the distance between two capacitor plates. The present paper reviews some methods that have been/are being used for achieving adequate synchronization of dust cloud appearance and spark discharge. Some current standard experimental methods for determining MIEs of dust clouds experimentally have also been reviewed. The same applies to some theories of electric-spark ignition of dust clouds.At the end of paper some suggestions for possible future modifications of current standard methods for measuring MIEs of explosible dust clouds are presented. With regard to justifying significant modifications of existing standard methods, the “bottom line” is, as quite often in many connections, that any modifications should be based on realistic cost/benefit evaluations. 相似文献