基于能值分析的小型港口可持续发展评价:以海阳港为例

运用能值分析构建小型港口发展可持续性评价模型和指标体系,以中国山东省烟台市海阳港为研究对象,利用2015年数据分析和评价了该港口生态经济系统的特征和可持续性。研究结果表明:（1）2015年海阳港生态经济系统的能值总投入为2.91×1021 sej,不可更新工业辅助能占主体地位;（2）能值自给率、集疏运稳定性、净能值产出率、单位吞吐量能值消耗、能值生态承载力和可持续发展能力指标均低于同行业或同地区平均水平,废弃物能值比率、环境负荷率、能值交换率和能值密度指标处于较高水平;（3）存在对可更新自然资源利用少、来自外部购买能值比例过高和对污水、固体废物缺乏有效的综合利用的问题;（4）有必要在节约能源、设备降耗、利用可再生能源、水资源循环利用和构筑物造价控制5个方面采取有效措施,增强港口可持续发展能力。     

Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product

The increasing demand for environmental performance evaluation of industry requires development of sector-specific environmental performance indicators (EPIs). For the consumer product manufacturing industry, in this case the textile industry, the need to evaluate environmental performance both from process and product life cycle perspectives leads to development of EPIs of process and product dimensions. Such types of EPIs have been developed, with best achievable values being identified, by this study for cotton woven products and wet processing. An in-depth discussion has been presented concerning problems in developing and applying EPIs, while areas for further research are also recommended.     

New environmental performance baseline for inland ports: A benchmark for the European inland port sector

This paper presents the results of a collaborative programme of action between the European Federation of Inland Ports (EFIP) and the EC PORTOPIA research project to assist EU inland ports to enhance further their environmental performance. In order to achieve this goal, an environmental survey was specifically designed to reflect the operational and geographical circumstances of inland ports and to help to accelerate the culture of the reporting of environmental performance.The survey was developed to be user-friendly and practicable, and based on established good-practice taking into account the suggestions and advice of EFIP and its members, as well as the experience of the EcoPorts Network. As a result of the survey, an initial baseline of environmental performance for the EU inland port sector was established.A total of 27 port authorities participated in the survey, representing a range of port profiles in terms of size, commercial profile and geography. All response details were treated in strict confidence and the benchmark performance was reported as a European average. Results show that approximately 70% of the respondent ports declare that they have the major components of an Environmental Management System (EMS) actively in place (e.g. policy, inventory of legislation). An environmental index (1–10) has been calculated reflecting the performance of the sector in terms of the application of major EMS components. The average index value for the EU inland port sector baseline resulted in 6.Almost 67% of respondent ports indicated that they conduct environmental monitoring of different aspects, with waste being the most common. The survey results have also delivered the first top-10 ranking of environmental priorities for the EU inland port sector. It is interesting to note that also almost 70% of the inland ports apply initiatives to implement green actions. The outcomes of this paper are likely to be of interest to a wide range of stakeholders and decision-makers.     

中国工业园区绿色发展政策对比分析及对策研究

为了提升我国工业园区绿色发展水平,对目前我国工业园区发展历程、现状特征进行了分析,对工业园区绿色发展政策进行了梳理和对比,并结合工业园区绿色发展中存在的问题提出了对策建议.研究表明:①我国工业园区经历了快速发展、调整发展和科学发展等阶段,在经济发展、资源与能源优化利用、污染减排等方面成效显著.②我国工业园区绿色发展的相关政策主要体现在国家生态工业示范园区创建、园区循环化改造、国家低碳工业园区试点、绿色园区建设和UNIDO绿色工业园区创建等工作中,这些政策在推动主体、实施路径、侧重方向上各不相同又各有特色,对推动工业园区节能减排绩效明显.③目前,我国工业园区绿色发展存在的问题主要表现在重视程度有待提升、风险防范意识有待加强、创新能力有待提高等方面.为此,提出了我国工业园区绿色发展对策建议:积极践行绿色发展理念,推进园区绿色化、生态化、低碳化建设,实现经济环境双赢;注意环境风险防控,确保环境安全;创新管理机制,强化监督管理.      

Environmental indicators for small and medium enterprises in the Philippines: An empirical research

Environmental indicators allow a firm to make measurements related to its environmental performance. In practical terms, they can be used to form a measuring, benchmarking and monitoring tool to track environmental performance for small and medium enterprises (SMEs).Within an Environmental Management System (EMS), environmental indicators can be used to check if a firm has met the targets it is required to set for itself. It can also be used in firms that have not yet implemented an EMS. The use of an Environmental Indicators System (EIS) is thus recommended for SMEs, many of which do not have an EMS, in order to enhance their environmental performance. As noted in A Guide to Corporate Environmental Indicators published by the Federal Environment Ministry (Bonn) and the Federal Environmental Agency (Berlin), three categories of environmental indicators can be developed, depending on whether they describe: (1) a company's environmental impact (environmental performance); (2) the management's environmental activities; or (3) the external condition of the company's environment.The objective of this paper is to present how environmental indicators were established and implemented for Philippine SMEs and to show that the indicators significantly correlate with the environmental performance of the SMEs. In order to test this hypothesis, a survey-questionnaire was designed and administered among SMEs covering six industrial sectors in the Philippines. Based on the survey responses, a Gap analysis between the environmental performances of SMEs and state-of-the-art companies was performed. The Gap analysis showed that environmental indicators were indeed able to capture the features of actual environmental performance.Further, a structural equation model was proposed and validated. It yielded a significant linkage between the environmental indicators and environmental performance.     

绿色生态港口建设初探

港口的环境污染导致了港区及附近环境的恶化,港口与环境的协调发展是实现港口可持续发展的必然,从国内外港口环保发展和绿色化的要求的角度论述了绿色生态港口的内涵,指出了国内港口绿色生态建设方面存在的问题,政府在绿色生态港口建设中需要政策的规制与激励以及相关的社会支持系统,然后给出了相关的建议.     

空间视角下湖北省环境绩效评估及影响因素分析

以湖北省为例，基于压力-状态-响应（PSR）模型构建环境绩效评估指标体系，运用空间自相关和标准差椭圆对湖北省各地区绩效指数空间特征及影响因素进行探讨，结果显示：湖北省各地区环境绩效指数（EPI）均高于60，但普遍处于中等水平，良好及优秀所占比例低.EPI较高的地区主要位于湖北省西部和中部，压力和状态指数从西至东递减，响应指数则呈现东部高于西部高于中部的态势.状态指标绩效指数在空间上显著正相关，即环境质量状况较好（或较差）的地区在空间上集聚.EPI及二级指标绩效指数均以西北-东南为布局方向，且EPI椭圆重心较于基准重心偏向于西南方向.各地区环境指数除受到资源禀赋的影响外，还与城镇化率和人口密度显著相关.     

Industrial park management in the Chinese environment

In China many investments especially from foreign companies are located in industry parks. However, the general situation and management perspectives of developing Chinese industrial parks are not very clear to the westerners. With the rapid development, industrial parks will play a key role in China's economy, therefore, those issues relating with China's industrial parks need to be further discussed. This paper is one of such efforts. It will review the development of China's industrial parks, including characterizing industry parks in China and discussing the main site selection criteria and important aspects for foreign investors. The main focus of this paper is to discuss the current environmental management practices of industrial parks because such parks have been main sources of pollution. New development strategy for industrial parks, such as eco-industrial development, should be considered and implemented.     

Current status and trends of the environmental performance in European ports

This paper investigates the current status and trends over time in the environmental performance of European ports. The research is based on the provision of data from 79 European ports on issues related to their environmental management, environmental priorities and current environmental monitoring practices. This study updates previous environmental reviews, so that the trends over time are drawn. For instance, 90% of respondent ports stated that they have an environmental policy and 94% of ports have designated environmental personnel. The percentage of ports that have an Environmental Management System has increased by +33% in the last 9 years. Air quality, port waste and energy consumption emerged as the three major environmental priorities of the European port sector in 2013. The research also reveals the diversity amongst European ports in terms of size and physical surroundings. Some examples are presented on specific initiatives carried out by sector organisations about the Top-10 port priority issues. The future expectations of European ports on data collection and reporting are described.     

工业大气污染源排放绩效定量评价及应用

工业源治理是改善环境空气质量的重要途径,而如何开展精准治污仍然是目前亟需回答的问题.以天津市西青区为例,基于第二次全国污染源普查数据,对工业企业开展污染物排放绩效定量评价,并深入探究排放绩效评价应用于工业源精细化管控治理的意义、可行性以及存在的问题.结果发现,西青区各行业的排放绩效水平差异较大.污染物排放绩效水平与行业企业的自身属性、发展规模和管理水平有较为密切的关系.整体来看,家具制造业、金属制品业、黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业等生产工艺本身产污量大且中小型企业居多的行业排放绩效水平偏差,而以计算机通信和其他电子设备制造业、汽车制造业为代表的高端行业排放绩效水平整体偏好.各行业中不同企业排放绩效差异也较大,其中金属机械制造类行业中绩效最差的11家企业工业产值对行业贡献0.06%,而PM排放量贡献达到8.50%;橡胶和塑料制品业中绩效最差的19家企业工业产值对全行业贡献4.76%,而VOCs排放量贡献却达到43.59%.同时,分别参照生态环境部相关技术指南和绩效评价结果设计减排方案,发现后者在减排同等规模污染物排放量时,减排成本最高可低于前者约90%.各行业、企业污染物排放绩效的差距,经济效益和环境成本的不协调,以及排放绩效评价对于精准减排的重要指引作用,充分证明开展排放绩效评价的必要性.结果表明污染物排放绩效评估可有效支撑宏观产业结构调整和中观、微观的工业企业环境治理,为精准治污提供重要参考路径.     

港口低排区气态污染控制的国际经验与中国的实践

港口区域排放已成为影响中国沿海港口城市环境空气质量的重要因素。港口低排区规划是控制港口污染的重要措施之一。我国港口污染治理起步较晚,但一系列法律、法规的出台为全面推进船舶和港口污染防治工作奠定了坚实的基础。设立港口“低排区”已经成为部分国家和地区用于解决港口空气污染问题的新兴手段和重要措施。以深圳港为例,港口区域排放已成为当地重要的大气污染源,该港口的各类污染源的影响从大至小依次为远洋船舶、运输车辆、内河船舶、作业机械,应采取针对性措施控制污染排放。通过计算污染物排放的PM_2.5当量,可以看出港口低排区方案实施后是所要求减排量的1.2倍。虽然目前中国港口污染治理取得了一定成效,但仍需加强区域合作和政策支持以进一步推动港口污染控制。同时,其他国家和地区在港口低排区方面的管理经验也值得借鉴,以利于港口污染控制方案的落实。     

Environmental reporting in a developing country: a case study on status and implementation in Malaysia

With the increase in awareness of environmental issues, the level of environmental disclosure and stakeholder demands for environmental information is increasing. New developments in the ISO 14000 standards also make it more evident that a company's environmental performance as well as its environmental reporting should be considered as strategic issues in business strategy. Especially for a developing country like Malaysia, many companies are under external pressures to improve their environmental performance.In this study, a review on the image and environmental disclosure, together with the challenges in environmental information management and a short case study are presented. Subsequently, the paper explores some of the strategic implications of environmental reporting as an important tool for improved environmental management.     

沿海重化工业基地生态工业体系规划研究

基于实现区域可持续发展,提升区域循环经济水平的目标,以某沿海港口经济区为案例,阐述了循环经济生态工业体系规划与构建的程序和方法.在沿海重化工业的环境影响、国家政策及资源制约的基础上,分析了产业准入的条件.对符合准入条件的产业进行了产业共生体系的优化设计,提出了生态工业体系发展的规划框架.最后通过对该港口经济区进行资源环境压力与承载力的合规性分析,从总量上控制产业规模,调控优化产业布局和类型,并提出预防及减轻不良环境影响的措施,从而规划设计出该港口经济区的生态产业体系.      

中国沿海港口总体规划环境影响评价研究

中国港口规划环境影响评价自2004年正式启动,至今已经过十余年的探索和发展,各方面都取得了很好的成效,逐步进入到规范化和成熟化阶段。但在中国环境保护发展的新形势下,港口规划环评工作仍在工作机制和技术方法等方面存在诸多问题。本研究系统性回顾了中国港口规划环评的发展历程,梳理了环评管理架构和工作流程,分析了中国港口规划环评存在的主要问题,并从工作机制、成果落实和技术方法等方面提出了相应的对策建议。     

黄骅港附近海域浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系

为探究黄骅港生产运营对周边海洋生态环境产生的影响,本研究以2017年4个月黄骅港附近海域的生态现状调查数据为基础,分析该海域浮游植物群落结构特征,同时,应用冗余分析（RDA）研究了环境因子对黄骅港附近海域浮游植物群落结构的影响。结果显示,4个月共发现浮游植物74种,分隶于硅藻、甲藻以及蓝藻3个植物门、35个属;浮游植物优势种主要为硅藻,4个月的浮游植物优势种存在明显的交叉与季节演替;4个月浮游植物丰度为（19.4～2095.6）×104 cells/m3,平均为762.2×104 cells/m3,以秋季最高,春季最低,浮游植物丰度空间分布整体均表现出近岸高远岸低的分布趋势;4个季度浮游植物多样性均处于较好水平,多样性指数（H′）为2.23～2.88,夏季最高,春季最低。聚类分析（CA）结果表明,该海域浮游植物群落可以明显分为4个地理类群;RDA分析结果显示,溶解氧、悬浮物、温度、石油类以及溶解无机磷是影响该海域浮游植物群落结构的最主要环境因子,除关注港口清淤、锚地船舶排污等生产过程外,黄骅港还应加强对附近入海河流的监测,及时预警浮游植物群落结构剧变或赤潮等生态灾害。     

铅酸蓄电池行业重金属污染治理与环境管理研究

铅酸蓄电池行业是当前重金属污染防治重点行业.研究在分析铅酸蓄电池产业各环节环境影响的基础上,对长兴县铅酸蓄电池行业产业环境整治提升行动进行实例案例分析,总结其成功做法和实践经验.最后,研究得出有效实施开展重金属污染防控的政策启示:积极推动产业集聚和绿色改造、开展绿色生产与技术创新、提升监管措施和管理手段和开展全生命周期环境管理.     

碳交易政策如何影响工业碳生产率:来自中国省级数据的准自然实验

当前,在中国奋力实现"碳达峰"碳中和"目标的背景下,不仅给碳排放量相对较高的工业企业带来较大环境治理压力,同时也给其在经济增长方面带来较大冲击.对其随着碳交易政策的提出,是否能够产生"减碳促经"效果展开深入研究.基于2005~2019年30个省市数据,通过双重差分等方法和多重中介效应模型对碳交易政策与工业碳生产率的影响效果和作用路径展开深入分析.结果表明,碳交易政策能够明显提升工业碳生产率水平;同时该种作用效果会随着试点区域的不同存在明显差异;该政策能够产生显著的环境规制、结构优化、技术和能源结构优化效应.建议通过加速完善环境规制层面法律制度、加快构建环保产业发展新体系、加强绿色技术创新研发力度和加速优化能源结构方面促进中国工业经济向低碳化发展转型.     

工业园区环境管理现状及对策研究——以江西省工业园区环境保护为例

以江西省为例,介绍了工业园区的发展现状及其经济发展和污染物排放在全省中的比例,并从环境管理制度建设、机构建设、管理绩效和存在的问题等方面介绍了工业园区环境管理现状。最后提出了加强制度建设、健全机构、分解指标、建立环境统计制度、建设生态工业基础数据库、推进生态工业园区动态核查制度、完善工业园区环境报告书制度等六大措施,落实工业园区管委会环境保护责任,提升管委会环境管理参与度。     

Assessment of environmental aspects and determination of environmental targets within environmental management systems (EMS) – development of a procedure for Volkswagen

Since the revision of EMAS (EMAS II), a central role within this EU-regulated environmental management system has been assigned to the assessment of significant environmental aspects as the basis for identification of an organisation's environmental targets. However, EMAS only provides some general guidelines on the assessment of environmental aspects. To comply with the requirements of EMAS II, Volkswagen AG initiated the development of a comprehensive systematic approach which is now to be applied throughout Volkswagen's production sites. This article describes the elements of this approach. A methodological section discusses issues concerning the scientific assessment of environmental aspects, taking into account reproducibility, scientific acceptance and geographical representativeness of existing methods as well as time consumption and understandability for decision-makers. In addition, practical procedures to define environmental targets were worked out during two audits of Volkswagen's production sites, focusing on collaborative workshops with environmental experts, process experts and decision-makers to identify production-integrated improvements and enhance environmental sensitivity throughout the company.