黄山风景区悬钩子属植物资源及其开发利用

黄山风景区共有悬钩子属植物20种5变种。记述了该地区悬钩子属植物资源的种类、分布及价值，并对其合理开发利用提出了建议，为生态旅游和经济发展提供参考。     

金佛山悬钩子属药用植物资源调查研究

通过采集标本进行分类鉴定以及查证文献，对重庆市金佛山悬钩子属药用植物资源状况进行了系统的调查。结果表明，金佛山分布有悬钩子属植物46种11变种，其中57种（变种）可入药，资源蕴藏量大，具有较大的开发利用潜力。重点对该区宜开发的常见种和广布种进行了介绍。     

浙江紫金牛属植物资源研究

对浙江境内原生分布的紫金牛属植物资源进行了调查和分析.在紫金牛属植物13个种类的引种驯化栽培、生物制药与园林花卉企业紫金牛属植物产业化开发调研的基础上,对其主要种类的药用价值和园林应用进行了评价,对该属植物的资源保护和开发利用提出了相应的对策.     

粒粒泡果汁饮料加工工艺

冬泡（RubusLambertianusSer．）为蔷薇科悬钩子属植物，在我国分布较广，河南省主要分布于大别山、伏牛山、桐柏山区，资源蕴藏量丰富。民间常来各泡野果食用，果实桔红鲜亮、甜酸爽口、酸感较强。冬泡含有大量糖类、有机酸、蛋白质、VC和较丰富的SOD，具有一定的营养保健作用。随着生活水平的提高，人们越来越崇尚天然绿色食品，因此，开发利用野生资源已成为人们关注的焦点。悬钩子是重要的野生果树资源，不少学者在其引种、驯化和营养分析等方面已进行了一些研究[1，2]。本文在对河南省悬约于属植物资源调查的基础上，利用冬泡果实…     

蛇根草属植物资源与喜树碱及类似物的生产

随着市场需求的不断扩大,持续提取抗癌药物喜树碱及类似物已成为当务之急。在蛇根草属植物中发现喜树碱及其类似物,是获取该类物质重要的替代途径。对蛇根草属植物的主要用途、生物学特征以及主要活性次生代谢产物进行了介绍,论述了运用生物技术从蛇根草属植物中产生喜树碱及其类似物的研究,并对该类植物资源的开发利用进行了展望。     

黄山市蔷薇科野生木本观赏植物资源及其利用

安徽省黄山市蔷薇科野生木本观赏植物资源丰富，约有26属113种，其中悬钩子属25种，单属种9个，除具有观赏价值外，还具有药用价值、食用价值及其它用途，对黄山市蔷薇科野生木本观赏植物资源的综合开发利用和保护提出了建议。     

川渝地区升麻属植物资源的开发利用

根据对川渝地区升麻属植物资源的调查研究,论述了该地区升麻属植物的种类、生物学特征、分布及利用价值,并提出了开发利用升麻属植物资源的建议.     

黄山市蜡梅属植物资源的调查研究与利用

报告了采用踏查法和访问调查法对黄山市蜡梅属植物资源的种类及其利用现状的调查研究结果,阐述了蜡梅属植物的利用价值,提出了开发利用柳叶蜡梅植物资源的建议.     

黄山市野生豆科植物资源开发利用初探

根据近两年来在黄山市辖区内野生豆科植物的采集、调查、标本鉴定和文献资料查阅结果表明，黄山市野生豆科植物资源有35属95种。分析了这些植物的主要用途、分布、应用价值，对其中极具开发价值的10种植物的合理开发提出了建议。     

皖南山区桑科植物资源及其开发利用初探

皖南山区共有桑科植物7属14种2变种,多数植物未能得到充分的开发利用.对皖南山区桑科植物资源的种类分布及价值进行了分析,对其进一步开发利用提出了建议,希望能为山区经济发展提供参考.     

屯绿陈茶有效成分提取及茶多酚提纯工艺研究

探讨了从陈茶中提取有效成分和茶多酚的提纯工艺。采用不同物料比、浸提温度、浸提时间的正交实验，通过热水煮提从茶叶中获取水溶性物质。结果表明，当料液比为1：20、90℃、120min时，测得的水提取物固化物量最多可达31％；茶叶水提物固化物、水配比为13：400时与乙酸乙酯萃取茶多酚的得率达23％，茶多糖从总量中提取的得率达2．5％。屯绿陈茶有效成分保留效果良好，具有较好的综合利用价值。     

茶粕有机肥的开发与利用

论述了生物有机肥在发展农业生产中的重要地位,以及生产中存在着的大量使用集约化畜禽养殖场的畜禽粪对土壤、水体等环境质量和农产品质量安全产生严重影响的问题,提出以茶粕作为原料生产有机肥具有生产过程相对安全、克服有机肥二次污染的优点.此外,茶叶次生代谢物茶多酚、茶色素、茶皂素和茶皂甙等具有抗氧化、清除自由基、络合金属离子、调节植物生长和生物防虫、灭虫等独特生理功效,将极大地提高茶粕有机肥的生物有效性,显示出其广阔的应用前景.     

Phosphorus sorption by sediments in a southeastern coastal plain in-stream wetland

A close relationship has been reported between sediment organic C (SedOC) content and its P sorption capacity (P(max)) and total P (TP) concentration. Phosphorus sorbed to organically complexed cations is a proposed explanation for this relationship. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine relationships between in-stream wetland SedOC content and both the sediment's P(max) and TP concentrations, and (ii) to ascertain the role of both organically complexed and oxalate-extractable cations on the sediment P(max) and TP values. The sediment's oxalate-extractable Fe (Fe(ox)) and Al (Al(ox)) contents were determined using acidified ammonium oxalate, while sodium pyrophosphate was used to extract organically complexed cations (Al(pryo), Ca(pyro), Fe(pyro), Mg(pyro), and Mn(pyro)). Both the sediment's P(max) and TP contents were strongly correlated with its SedOC concentration (r(2) > 0.90, P < 0.001). Only the Al(ox) contents were significantly correlated with TP and P(max), suggesting that amorphous Al forms have an important role in P sorption. All five pyrophosphate-extracted cations were significantly correlated with SedOC contents. Regression analyses showed that the Al(pyro) accounted for 88% of the variation in sediment P(max) values, whereas a combination of Al(pyro) and Ca(pyro) accounted for 98% of the variation in sediment TP concentrations. Additionally, Al and Ca chelated by SedOC compounds also have an important role in P binding and indicate that a linkage exists between the wetlands SedOC and P(max) content and its ability to accumulate TP. This study identified that two different mechanisms have significant roles in regulating P sorption by sediments in a southeastern Coastal Plain in-stream wetland.     

Change point analysis of phosphorus trends in the Illinois River (Oklahoma) demonstrates the effects of watershed management

Detecting water quality improvements following watershed management changes is complicated by flow-dependent concentrations and nonlinear or threshold responses that are difficult to detect with traditional statistical techniques. In this study, we evaluated the long-term trends (1997-2009) in total P (TP) concentrations in the Illinois River of Oklahoma, and some of its major tributaries, using flow-adjusted TP concentrations and regression tree analysis to identify specific calendar dates in which change points in P trends may have occurred. Phosphorus concentrations at all locations were strongly correlated with stream flow. Flow-adjusted TP concentrations increased at all study locations in the late 1990s, but this trend was related to a change in monitoring practices where storm flow samples were specifically targeted after 1998. Flow-adjusted TP concentrations decreased in the two Illinois River sites after 2003. This change coincided with a significant decrease in effluent TP concentrations originating with one of the largest municipal wastewater treatment facilities in the basin. Conversely, flow-adjusted TP concentrations in one tributary increased, but this stream received treated effluent from a wastewater facility where effluent TP did not decrease significantly over the study period. Results of this study demonstrate how long-term trends in stream TP concentrations are difficult to quantify without consistent long-term monitoring strategies and how flow adjustment is likely mandatory for examining these trends. Furthermore, the study demonstrates how detecting changes in long-term water quality data sets requires statistical methods capable of identifying change point and nonlinear responses.     

太湖流域上游典型水体中氮、磷动态变化特征研究

本研究在太湖流域上游的太湖与湖间的区域内，选择了25个监测点，对6种典型水体中TN、TP含量进行了为期1年的动态监测，分析了不同类型水体中氮、磷动态变化特征。其结果表明，畜禽养殖厂周围水体TN、TP含量在4～8月份相对较低；水产养殖场周围水体和居民区周围水体TN含量在1～6月份高于其他时间段，水产养殖场周围水体TP含较低的月份在5～8月，而居民区周围水体TP含量变化无明显规律；农田周围水体TN、TP含量较高的月份在12月至次年5月期间，最大值出现在3～4月；入湖河流与湖水TN含量变化趋势与农田周围水体基本一致，入湖河流TP含量在6～10月期间明显低于其他时间段，而湖水中TP含量变化则无明显规律。     

Integrating Bioassessment and Ecological Risk Assessment: An Approach to Developing Numerical Water-Quality Criteria

Bioassessment is used worldwide to monitor aquatic health but is infrequently used with risk-assessment objectives, such as supporting the development of defensible, numerical water-quality criteria. To this end, we present a generalized approach for detecting potential ecological thresholds using assemblage-level attributes and a multimetric index (Index of Biological Integrity—IBI) as endpoints in response to numerical changes in water quality. To illustrate the approach, we used existing macroinvertebrate and surface-water total phosphorus (TP) datasets from an observed P gradient and a P-dosing experiment in wetlands of the south Florida coastal plain nutrient ecoregion. Ten assemblage attributes were identified as potential metrics using the observational data, and five were validated in the experiment. These five core metrics were subjected individually and as an aggregated Nutrient–IBI to nonparametric changepoint analysis (nCPA) to estimate cumulative probabilities of a threshold response to TP. Threshold responses were evident for all metrics and the IBI, and were repeatable through time. Results from the observed gradient indicated that a threshold was 50% probable between 12.6 and 19.4 g/L TP for individual metrics and 14.8 g/L TP for the IBI. Results from the P-dosing experiment revealed 50% probability of a response between 11.2 and 13.0 g/L TP for the metrics and 12.3 g/L TP for the IBI. Uncertainty analysis indicated a low (typically 5%) probability that an IBI threshold occurred at 10 g/L TP, while there was 95% certainty that the threshold was 17 g/L TP. The weight-of-evidence produced from these analyses implies that a TP concentration > 12–15 g/L is likely to cause degradation of macroinvertebrate assemblage structure and function, a reflection of biological integrity, in the study area. This finding may assist in the development of a numerical water-quality criterion for TP in this ecoregion, and illustrates the utility of bioassessment to environmental decision-making.     

池州野生珍珠菜中Zn、Se含量的研究

利用微波消解原子吸收分光光度法测定了国家生态经济示范区安徽省池州市的野生珍珠菜中Zn、Se的含量，并与该地区茶叶中Zn、Se的含量进行了比较。结果表明：野生珍珠菜对Zn、Se均有富集作用，特别是Se的含量优于茶叶中Se的含量，具有良好的应用开发前景。     

Phosphorus loading in the Frome catchment, UK: seasonal refinement of the coefficient modeling approach

This paper describes the results of an export coefficient modeling approach to predict total phosphorus (TP) loading in the Frome catchment, Dorset, UK from point and diffuse sources on a seasonal (monthly) basis in 1998 and on an annual basis for 1990-1998. The model predicted an annual TP load of 25 605 kg yr(-1), compared with an observed (measured) value of 23400 kg yr(-1). Monthly loads calculated using the export coefficient model agreed well with monthly observed values except in months of variable discharge, when observed values were low, probably due to infrequent, and therefore unrepresentative, sampling. Comparison between filterable reactive phosphorus (FRP) and TP concentrations observed in the period 1990-1997 showed that trends in FRP could be estimated from trends in TP. A sensitivity analysis (varying individual export coefficients by +/-10%) showed that sewage treatment works (STWs) (3.5%), tilled land (2.7%), meadow-verge-seminatural (1.0%), and mown and grazed turf (0.6%) had the most significant effect (percent difference from base contribution) on model prediction. The model was also used to estimate the effect of phosphorus stripping at STWs in order to comply with a pending change in the European Union wastewater directive. Theoretical reduction of TP from the largest STW in the catchment gave a predicted reduction in TP loading of 2174 kg yr(-1). This illustrates the value of this seasonal export coefficient model as a practical management tool.     

Modeling phosphorus transport in an agricultural watershed using the WEPP model

The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model has been tested for its ability to predict soil erosion, runoff, and sediment delivery over a wide range of conditions and scales for both hillslopes and watersheds. Since its release in 1995, there has been considerable interest in adding a chemical transport element to it. Total phosphorus (TP) loss at the watershed outlet was simulated as the product of TP in the soil, amount of sediment at the watershed outlet, and an enrichment ratio (ER) factor. WEPP can be coupled with a simple algorithm to simulate phosphorus transport bound to sediment at the watershed outlet. The objective of this work was to incorporate and test the ability of WEPP in estimatingTP loss with sediment at the small watershed scale. Two approaches were examined. One approach (P-EER) estimated ER according to an empirical relationship; the other approach used the ER calculated by WEPP (P-WER).The data used for model performance test were obtained from two side-by-side watersheds monitored between 1976 and 1980. The watershed sizes were 5.05 and 6.37 ha, and each was in a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. Measured and simulated results were compared for the period April to October in each year. There was no statistical difference between the mean measured and simulated TP loss. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient was 0.80 and 0.78 for the P-EER and P-WER methods, respectively. It was critical for both methods that WEPP adequately represent the biggest sediment yield events because sediment is the main driver for TP loss so that the model can adequately simulate TP losses bound to sediment. The P-WER method is recommended because it does not require use of empirical parameters to estimate TP loss at the watershed outlet.