基于RBI结果的装置隐患排查

基于风险的检测(RBI)是近三十年来兴起一种追求安全性与经济性统一的系统维修理念与方法,该技术于二十世纪末引入我国,国家制定了一系列标准规范。本文采用RBI技术,对催化裂化装置的静设备和管道进行风险评估,根据评估结果制定了检验方案,通过腐蚀调查和日常检测等手段进行了检验验证,使得装置隐患得到有效识别和治理,并对如何提高基于RBI结果的隐患排查技术的准确性进行了分析和探讨。RBI技术可以应用在装置日常的生产运行过程中,通过对高风险的设备的有效识别,制定在线检验方案,实施有效的检验,排查运行过程中产生的隐患,可逐步提高装置的风险管理水平。     

RBI技术在燕山石化的应用

<正>燕山石化公司于2005年引入了RBI(基于风险的检验)技术,近6年来与中国特种设备检测研究院合作,采用ORBIT ONSHORE分析软件工具,开展了多套装置的风险分析与验证的实践工作。RBI技术的基本原理是在风险分析的基础上,对高风险设备进行重点检验,可实现系统地评估装置、单元、设备或部件的相对风险,并进行风险排序,根据风险等级和分布情况制定风险管理策略。在风险可控的原则下,通过优化检     

基于RBI的碳五石油树脂装置风险评估分析

从技术特点、实施效用等方面,对QRA与RBI两类风险评估技术进行比较,选择使用RBI技术方法对碳五石油树脂装置内静设备及管道实施风险评估。运用挪威船级社的ORBIT Onshore软件定量计算评估范围内设备、管道风险值,评定风险等级,辨识隐患设备,然后从后果、可能性两方面分析产生风险的主要影响因素,经分析得知碳五石油树脂装置受H2S、HCl腐蚀减薄影响轻微,但NaOH导致的碱应力腐蚀对聚合反应后序工段中部分管道设备失效可能性影响较大。最后根据装置内存在的不同损伤机理提出检验优化策略,为装置定期检验工作提供科学的决策支持。     

基于RBI技术的化工装置压力管道风险评估与在线检验策略研究

基于RBI方法原理,实施化工装置压力管道风险评估。在风险评估过程中,将装置内各腐蚀回路中的压力管道按照管径、材质及用途等因素进行分组,以得到各压力管道组的风险等级,在此基础上确定其抽检比例,制订在线检验策略。以某厂环氧乙烷/乙二醇〖JP2〗（EO/EG）装置为对象,应用壳牌S-RBI软件完成装置内274组（共458条）压力管道风险评估工作,根据风险评估结果共抽取178条压力管道实施在线检验,考虑到该装置存在的减薄机理,在线检验技术手段以测厚和宏观检查为主,并对部分中高风险等级以上的压力管道进行数字射线检测。检验结果表明:基于RBI技术的压力管道在线检验策略能够有效发现压力管道系统中存在的安全隐患,并节约检验成本。     

丁二烯装置基于风险的检验技术应用

采用RBI技术对丁二烯装置进行风险评估,经分析装置存在的主要损伤机理有碱应力腐蚀开裂、有机酸腐蚀、冷却水腐蚀、冲刷腐蚀和丁二烯自聚等,装置的风险由失效后果主导,失效可能性较高的评估.单元集中在脱重冷凝系统和薄壁小直径管道。根据基于风险的检验策略对装置实施检验,检验过程中发现装置存在脱重冷凝系统设备应力腐蚀开裂、一萃塔系统换热器点蚀、接管角焊缝开裂和压力管道腐蚀減薄等主要问题,检验检测结果与风险评估过程中识别的损伤机理和薄弱环节保持一致。     

基于可靠度理论的RBI修正模型研究

基于风险的检测技术包括定性RBI判断和定量RBI计算,定性判断得到风险相对的高低,风险相对较低者则不必进行定量RBI计算,风险高者再进行下一步定量RBI计算。在API581中,国外风险分析统计表明,石化企业的风险分布范围有一个所谓的"二八"现象,即"80%的风险是由20%的设备引起",中高风险以上的设备范围一般在20%左右。但我国十套装置风险分析结果发现,这个结论在我国并不适用,我国中高风险设备往往在40%左右。论文分析了API581在中国应用的局限性,引入可靠度理论计算设备失效概率,预估未来的失效概率或可靠度,可以完整地以RBI方法在得知失效后果和失效概率下,评估出此设备在整个系统中所处的地位,从而适当地分配检测、维修资源,在RBI完成后再进行风险评价进而完成风险评估过程。     

承压设备的风险评估技术及其在我国的应用和发展趋势

本文简介了压力容器、压力管道等承压设备的风险评估技术的基本原理,包括成套装置的RBI技术和埋地管道的风险评估技术.以化工厂EVA装置和高压燃气管道风险评估的实例为核心,阐述了承压设备风险评估技术在我国的应用情况.归纳了我国承压设备风险评估技术发展趋势.     

基于风险的工业管道在线检测技术研究

化工装置工业管道面临焊接和腐蚀两大问题,装置的长期运行与管道定期检验的矛盾日益突出.通过对数字射线、脉冲涡流、超声导波三种管道在线检测技术的对比分析,结合基于风险的检验(RBI)理念,探索出一套适用于工业管道在线检验的技术,对节约企业成本、保障管道安全具有重要意义.     

HFC-245fa装置压力管道RBI技术应用

采用基于风险的检验(RBI)技术对HFC-245fa装置376条压力管道进行风险评估。针对该装置压力管道输送介质特性进行风险源辨识,分析压力管道可能存在的损伤机理,计算当前以及停工检修时间点评估单元的失效可能性、失效后果及整体风险水平,根据风险评估结果制定HFC-245fa装置压力管道的检验策略,以有利于指导该装置的停工检修,优化检验资源配置。     

基于RBI技术的海上平台延期服役静设备定量化安全评估技术

针对海上延期服役平台静设备的安全风险评估与控制问题,应用RBI风险评估技术的评估理论和方法对海上延期服役平台静设备的定量化安全管理方法进行了实践和探索,并选择某延期服役平台进行风险分析相关结论的工程验证。其具体过程是运用定量RBI技术,首先根据工艺流程和介质特点对海上平台静设备分别进行了物流回路和损伤回路的划分,并以此为基础对延期服役平台静设备的安全风险进行定量评估,进而得出各静设备单元的失效可能性、失效后果及风险等级,最后通过得出的损伤模式、损伤机理及对应的腐蚀速率,从而制定针对性的检测策略。将利用这些检验策略所检测出的真实情况与分析结论进行对比,最终验证了RBI技术在延期服役平台静设备风险评估方面具有很强的适用性。     

基于RBI的苯乙烯/环氧丙烷装置压力管道在线检验研究

对苯乙烯／环氧丙烷装置进行腐蚀回路划分,并将腐蚀回路中的压力管道按照管径、材质及用途等因素划分为不同的组别后进行RBI分析。根据风险评估结果,结合压力管道的使用情况、失效机理及剩余使用寿命等确定下一个检验周期和检验策略。以腐蚀回路中的组别作为检验单元,根据其失效可能性及风险等级确定各检验单元的检验比例和检验方法进行在线检验。结果表明：基于RBI分析结果的压力管道在线抽检方法可以验证风险评估的结果,同时还可以满足使用单位对管道的风险控制要求。     

Application of risk based inspection in refinery and processing piping

In refineries and processing plants, the enormous amount of piping is more complex in distribution than other types of equipment. In general, compared with other types of equipment in these industries, more difficulty in inspection planning is encountered.

However, under-inspection or over-inspection can occur due to the lack of jurisdictional requirements on the inspection interval and method for piping, or the inspection interval being based only on piping service classifications in the existing regulations, such as API 570. This can result in unacceptable risks, along with costly loss of resources.

To lessen the piping risk level, more and more companies have adopted and applied risk based inspection (RBI) methodology, leading to risk reduction and cost benefits since the last decade. This study applied RBI methodology to optimize the inspection strategy of the piping in a refinery and petrochemical plants in Taiwan. Two actual case studies were corroborated better with quantitative RBI methodology than without the methodology in terms of risk and cost reductions.     

成品油站场工艺管道风险辨识与评价

为保障成品油站场工艺管道的安全平稳运行,在充分辨识风险因素的前提下,提出了一种基于KENT法和RBI的风险评价方法。首先,以风险机理分析为基础,采用SHEL模型从导致风险上升的直接原因（风险内因）和间接原因（风险外因）2个角度辨识了风险因素,并细化各因素指标项;然后借鉴KENT法,对各指标项进行评分量化;依据RBI法,采用风险外因体系修正风险内因体系的方式确定失效可能性;综合环境后果、人员后果与商业后果,明确失效后果的评价体系与计算方法;最后,结合失效可能性与失效后果进行风险评价,从风险等级和风险排序2方面为检维修决策提供依据。应用表明:该评价方法便于工艺管道风险评价的基层实施,可为基于风险的检维修决策提供有效技术支撑。     

Risk-based inspection (RBI) of a gas pressure reduction station

One of the principles of corrosion management is proper inspection methodology, and in particular the risk-based inspection (RBI). Occasionally a large percentage of the total risk of a unit is concentrated in a small part of the equipment, which can be reduced by using risk management techniques. In this study, a semi-quantitative risk-based inspection method has been performed in a gas station with for its components (pipelines, filters, etc.), to identify the existing damage mechanisms and also to rank its equipment in terms of inspection intervals. In this regard, RBI was performed for the gas station which consisted of phases (Phase A & Phase B) with Class 300 and Class 600 equipment. According to documented conditions and reviewed records the main damage mechanism for the investigated components in the gas station was identified as wall thinning due to erosion corrosion and external corrosion. In terms of inspection, results showed that most of the equipment studied had medium risk level and a few had medium to high level of risk. In this regard, the corrosion rates of Class 300 and Class 600 equipment were also studied and compared, and it was indicated that the corrosion rates were higher at locations for Class 300 equipment where more pressure drop had occurred. Overall, based on the obtained corrosion rates and obtained risk matrixes, it was concluded that wall thinning (erosion-corrosion) was the determining risk factor for equipment inspected in the gas pressure reduction station.     

基于JC法的RBI通用失效概率修正模型研究

基于风险的检测技术失效概率的分析始于同类设备的失效频率数据库,然后通过设备修正因子和管理系统评价因子来修正这些同类频率。针对RBI的不足,结合可靠度理论,分析均值一次二阶矩法在实际应用过程中局限性,应用基于JC法的通用失效概率计算模型完成设备失效概率的修正。该方法适合任何概率分布下的情况,可以避免统计数据正态分布一刀切的缺点。     

An evaluation of maintenance strategy using risk based inspection

Risk based inspection (RBI) methodology was proposed to evaluate the maintenance strategy in industrial process which was constructed in one of the units of Fujian Oil Refinery ISOMAX unit. Using classic definition of risk, both the probability and consequence of accident or failure were investigated respectively under the support of risk-specific code. All equipment in this unit were evaluated and categorized into five risk zone based on the RBI result which covered five levels. In addition, an application of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to select the most practicable maintenance strategy for equipment which was located in each risk rating scale was described. To arrange the hierarchic structure and evaluation, four main criteria were defined for pairwise judgments. Finally, four possible alternative strategies were proposed for administrators on the site.