我国4个直辖市CO2净排放现状和趋势预测

从人均和单位GDP CO2碳净排放角度,借鉴显示性比较优势理论,对我国4个直辖市2005-2011年人均和单位GDP CO2碳净排放状况及其之间的差异大小进行计算,采用一元线性回归模型对4个直辖市未来几年人均和单位GDP CO2排放趋势和差异大小变化进行了预测,针对造成4个直辖市目前CO2排放现状的成因进行分析,并提出了建议.     

基于LMDI分解法的我国碳生产率影响因素研究

运用LMDI分解法,以1995-2010年为样本期,按东、中、西三大区域把我国碳生产率总体变动分解为能源效率、碳排放能耗和碳排放结构3个影响因素,得出以下主要结论:1995-2010年我国碳生产率变化除了2003-2005年为负数外,其余期间均为正数,表明我国碳生产率在逐年提高.碳生产率总体变动因素分解的贡献值和贡献率表明,能源效率因素是影响我国碳生产率变动的主要因素,贡献值为0.9722,贡献率为87.66％,其变动趋势决定了碳生产率的变动趋势;单位碳排放能耗因素贡献值为0.1431,贡献率仅为12.9％,影响较小;而碳排放结构因素的贡献值和贡献率分别为-0.0063和-0.56％,表明碳排放结构抑制了碳生产率的增加.因此,提高区域能源效率,改善区域碳排放结构,对提高我国碳生产率具有重要意义.     

京津沪渝生态安全评价指标体系的选择及其评价

以"结构力-发展力-恢复力"为基础,根据"自然-经济-社会"3个子系统将34个城市生态安全评价指标划分为9个二级指标,建立城市生态安全评价指标体系,并使用模糊数学综合评价法分析京津沪渝4个直辖市及其各子系统的生态安全等级。研究结果表明:除了重庆市的经济子系统、社会子系统以及天津市的社会子系统的安全等级属于较不安全外,各城市的其它子系统都属于临界安全范围;京津沪渝4个直辖市中,京津沪3个直辖市的城市生态安全状态属于临界安全等级,而重庆市的城市生态安全属于较不安全等级。4个直辖市的综合生态安全等级特征值排序由大到小依次为:北京、上海、天津、重庆。     

黑龙江省入境旅游客源市场结构演变分析

运用转移—份额分析法(SSM)对2000-2009年黑龙江省入境旅游外国客源市场结构演变进行了分析.结果表明:①2000-2005年黑龙江省竞争力和增长率均较小,2005-2009年竞争力有所增强,但结构优势有所下降.②全省入境旅游客源市场结构在不断变化,将13个主要客源国分为兴旺市场、崛起市场、成熟市场和停滞市场,并提出相应的市场营销建议.     

基于RS和GIS的山东省17城市生态环境质量动态变化研究

运用遥感动态监测与地理信息系统技术相结合的方法,以2005年和2009年遥感解译数据、土地侵蚀数据及环境统计数据为数据源,依据《生态环境状况评价技术规范(试行)》(HJ/T192-2006),对山东省17个城市生态环境质量现状及动态变化趋势进行了评价。结果表明:2009年17个城市生态环境状况指数在59.81～78.08之间,生态环境质量状况总体良好;2005-2009年17城市生态环境状况指数变化值在0.06～3.5之间,生态环境质量状况基本稳定。     

2008-2012年中国30个省域建筑业碳排效率评价

基于建筑业生产碳排放效率原理,确定了建筑业碳排效率的评价指标,并对评价指标内涵进行了界定,建立了碳排效率评价方法与模型。以中国30个省域(因数据缺失,故不统计西藏自治区、香港和澳门特别行政区、台湾地区)作为研究对象,针对2008—2012年的建筑业碳排效率进行了计算,明晰了建筑业碳排效率较低的省域,并对5年间中国30个省域建筑业碳排效率进行了分类分析,评价了各省域建筑业碳排效率的变化趋势,提出了未来建筑业生产发展中提高碳排效率的改进建议。     

“绿箱子”今起回收废弃手机及配件

2005年12月8日,中国移动通信、摩托罗拉和诺基亚在北京共同启动了由三家企业联合发起的“绿箱子环保计划-废弃手机及配件回收联合行动”。该项环保行动于2005年12月6日起在包括直辖市和省会城市在内的全国40个重点城市中展开,旨在为通信行业建立起一个开放的废弃手机及配件回收     

外商直接投资、自主创新与碳生产率增长

利用我国29个省、自治区、直辖市1995—2010年间的面板数据,考察影响我国碳生产率增长的因素,重点探讨了FDI、RD与碳生产率增长之间的关系。研究发现,FDI和RD对我国碳生产率增长起正向促进作用,两者对碳生产率增长存在显著的联合影响;其他控制变量,如产业结构、能源强度表现出反向的影响关系,而人均GDP对碳生产率增长起促进作用。通过分区域考察发现,各因素在影响不同区域碳生产率增长方面存在差异,说明不同区域在提升自身碳生产率水平时要有所侧重。     

华东地区碳源、碳汇和碳生产力研究

从碳源、碳汇和碳生产力的角度深入研究了华东地区6省1市2005-2011年之间低碳经济发展现状,采用变异系数和空间自相关等分析方法对该地区碳源、碳汇和碳生产力差异大小及其空间聚集特性进行了分析,以期为分析华东地区乃至全国低碳经济发展现状和趋势提供借鉴.     

组态视角下减污降碳政策工具对环境规制效率的驱动机制——基于中国30个省份的fsQCA实证分析

减污降碳是环境规制效率提升的标志,是实现污染控制和环境质量改善的重要抓手和突破口,探究减污降碳政策工具驱动环境规制效率提升的内在机理,对于推进“双碳”目标实现具有重要意义。以2012—2022年中国30个省份数据为研究对象,借助模糊集定性比较分析法（fsQCA）探析命令控制型、市场激励型和自愿参与型政策工具促进环境规制效率提升的多元路径组合。结果发现：减污降碳政策工具在提升全国环境规制效率方面呈现4种组合模式,且分别与中国东、中、西部地区的实施效果相匹配,未来将呈现多元政策工具组合协同发力的态势;命令控制型政策工具在提升中西部地区环境规制效率中发挥主导作用,中部地区尤为明显;自愿参与型工具则更多依赖命令控制型、市场激励型工具发挥政策组合作用,在西部地区发挥效力较弱。不同的环境规制效率驱动效果会带来差异化的政策工具组合,以此为不同地区提供政策建议。     

基于碳足迹分析法的湖南省低碳发展研究

在阐述碳足迹概念及其影响因素的基础上,构建了碳足迹计算模型.运用湖南省各市州2005-2009年的相关数据进行实证研究,分析了碳足迹与人口数量、经济发展水平、产业结构、能源结构之间的关系,从低碳发展机制、能源结构、低碳生活方式、人才培养方面提出了推进湖南低碳发展的有效途径.     

Governance of water supply systems in the Palestinian Territories: A data envelopment analysis approach to the management of water resources

This study demonstrates that data envelopment analysis (DEA) can be a useful tool to assess the relative efficiencies of water supply systems and to establish benchmarks with which to measure progress in the management of water resources. Frontier efficiency models measure the efficiency of water use in the Palestinian Territories (West Bank and the Gaza Strip). At the municipality level, sufficient data for the years 1999-2002 were available to estimate efficiency and stability scores. The Gaza Strip efficiency scores were considerably lower than those of the West Bank. Water losses were the major source of the inefficiency as indicated by the large slacks of this input. The relative sizes of the municipalities affect efficiency scores little. Palestinian policy makers should focus on rebuilding the infrastructure of the water networks, beginning with the most DEA inefficient municipalities in order to minimize water losses.     

CO2减排潜能和基于边际成本的补偿制度

提出了一种基于CO2排放强度的减排潜能计算方法,根据该方法对我国29个省、直辖市、自治区（不含新疆和西藏）未来减排潜能进行了分析.同时,采用麻省理工学院开发的RPPA模型对我国各个省、直辖市、自治区减排边际成本进行了计算,基于该减排边际成本,提出了省际间CO2补偿制度,并对补偿主体、补偿客体、补偿金额和补偿制度运行提出了建议,以期为我国发展低碳经济,促进各省区公平、协调发展提供借鉴.     

Decomposing patterns of emission intensity in the EU and China: how much does trade matter?

We use data from the World Input-Output Database to examine channels through which CO₂ emissions are embodied within, and imported into, the European production in 2005 and in 2009. We use an input–output price model to simulate the effect that a rise in the price of emissions trading system (ETS) allowances would have on the final price of goods. We find a reduction in emission intensity, which was greatest in those sectors regulated under ETS. Finally we examine the trade between China and the EU to study possible increases in carbon leakage. Results show that emissions embodied in imported intermediate goods have increased in all sectors.     

Steps Towards Integrating Carbon Dioxide Sources and Sinks into Local Environmental Planning

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide balancing can be evaluated by counting the amount of emissions and the sinks that absorb and release carbon. Local level planning can affect the emission-sinks balance. However when trying to meet international goals, it seems that local government mainly considers emission reduction and not sink losses. This paper investigates the implications of using carbon dioxide emissions and forest ecosystems as sinks in Swedish municipal planning. The results demonstrate how emission reduction can be offset by the losses in sinks derived by land use and transportation planning. This moves local government further away from achieving the national emission reduction goal. The results also show a potential for carbon trading between municipalities.     

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solution on soybean stalk-based carbon

Soybean [ (L.) Merr.] stalk-based carbons were prepared by phosphoric acid activation at different carbonization temperatures. Characteristics of the prepared carbon, including specific surface area, iodine number, and amount of methylene blue sorption, were determined. Experiments on phenanthrene, naphthalene, and acenaphthene, as representatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), removal from aqueous solution by the prepared carbon were conducted at different levels of carbon addition. The results indicated that the specific surface area, iodine number, and amount of methylene blue sorption increased with an increase of carbonization temperature. The maximum values were observed at 700°C and were 287.63 m g, 508.99 mg g, and 90.14 mg g, respectively. The removal efficiencies of phenanthrene, naphthalene, and acenaphthene tended to increase with increasing carbon amounts and carbonization temperature. The optimal removal performance was obtained under the experimental conditions of carbon concentrations of 0.04 g 32 mL and carbonization temperature of 700°C, and the removal efficiencies of phenanthrene, naphthalene, and acenaphthene were 99.89, 100, and 95.64%, respectively. The performance of the prepared carbon was superior to that of commercial activated carbon. Additionally, for the same carbon concentrations, the removal efficiency of PAHs on prepared carbons followed the order: phenanthrene > naphthalene > acenaphthene. Results obtained from this work provide some insight into the reuse of an agricultural residue, and also provide a new application for the treatment of PAHs in contaminated water utilizing activated carbon prepared from agricultural residues.     

Modes of governing Canadian waste management: a case study of Metro Vancouver’s energy-from-waste controversy

Managing municipal solid waste is a pressing environmental and political concern for Canadian municipalities who bear the primary responsibility for waste management (WM). In 2015, Metro Vancouver’s (MV’s) plans to expand their capacity to expand their WM capacity with energy-from-waste technology was abandoned, despite shrinking landfill space and persistent public opposition to new landfills. Using Bulkeley et al.’s [(2005). Governing municipal waste: towards a new analytical framework. Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, 7(1), 1–23. doi:10.1080/15239080500251700] ‘modes of governing framework’, we analyse MV’s failed attempt to expand their energy-from-waste capacity to better understand the challenges associated with governing WM in Canada. We argue that a history of downloading responsibility for WM to municipalities, regional districts, and industry has fragmented WM governance, posing a challenge for developing new waste infrastructure. We find that this localization of responsibility is incompatible with contemporary WM challenges. The scalar mismatch between waste’s material impacts and the scale at which waste is managed has resulted in co-dependence and conflict between putatively independent municipalities, regional districts, and private companies. This inhibits higher-level WM coordination while the autonomy of individual municipalities is simultaneously undermined.     

A bioeconomic model of afforestation in Southern Ontario: Integration of fiber,carbon and municipal biosolids values

This study explores the economic attractiveness of afforestation as a strategy for the joint production of fibre, carbon storage and biosolids (treated municipal sewage sludge) disposal for municipalities in Southern and Central Ontario, Canada. We use a spatial, stochastic model, the Canadian Forest Service Afforestation Feasibility Model (CFS-AFM), to simulate a range of spatial biosolids application scenarios in hybrid poplar afforestation projects. Results suggest that such joint afforestation strategies could be financially attractive. Significant cost savings can be expected through decreases in transportation distances and avoided waste disposal fees. Sensitivity analysis is used to examine the effects of variations in critical model parameters on net present values. Our findings indicate that waste disposal savings from application of biosolids on hybrid poplar plantations combined with incentives for landowners to sequester carbon can easily compete with agricultural land rental values in some regions of Ontario. Social acceptance of this kind of activity, however, may be an impediment to adoption.     

Veterinary antimicrobials in feedlot manure: dissipation during composting and effects on composting processes

Composting of manure may lead to the degradation of veterinary antimicrobials, but it is largely unknown if the presence of antimicrobials affects the composting process. Open-air windrow composting of manure from beef cattle (Bos taurus) administered chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine, and tylosin was investigated in a 2-yr study. At windrow construction, chlortetracycline had extensively isomerized to iso-chlortetracycline. Sulfamethazine, tylosin, and iso-chlortetracycline dissipated by first-order kinetics, whereas the dissipation of enol/keto-chlortetracycline was better described by exponential equations. At the end of the composting period, proportions of antimicrobials remaining were as follows: iso-chlortetracycline (< 1%), chlortetracycline (1 to 4.5%), tylosin (6.3%), and sulfamethazine (6.8% [2005], 41% [2006]). Times for 50% dissipation (DT50) decreased in the order: tylosin (20.3 to 43.5 d) > iso-chlortetracycline (13.5 to 26.5 d) > enol/keto-chlortetracycline (5.5 to 9.8 d). The DT50 values for sulfamethazine varied from 26.8 d in 2005 to 237 d in 2006. Treatments with chlortetracycline showed significantly reduced temperature rises (10.1 to 11.0 degrees C) between Days 21 to 28 in 2006 compared with rises of 26.6 to 31.0 degrees C for control and tylosin treatments, suggesting an inhibition of microbial activity. During composting in 2005, manure from cattle administered chlortetracycline at 44 mg kg(-1) of feed lost significantly less dry matter, carbon, and nitrogen than manure from cattle fed 11 mg chlortetracycline kg(-1) of feed, implying that the higher level of chlortetracycline inhibited microbial decomposition of organic matter. The study shows that while composting leads to dissipation of antimicrobials, the microbially driven composting process may be inhibited by their presence.     

Avoiding the presumptive policy errors of intergovernmental environmental planning programmes: a case analysis of urban stormwater management planning

This social research aims to identify and examine the implementation presumptions of intergovernmental environmental planning programmes and how to improve their effectiveness in future practice. It contrasts and explains the organisational dynamics and implementation responses of municipalities that succeeded and failed in realising the objective of such a programme. The research involved a qualitative multiple-case comparison between four high- and four low-performing municipalities implementing a stormwater programme within metropolitan Sydney, Australia. These two organisational types substantially differed in corporate expertise, environmental leadership, extended relational activity, and overall disposition to learning and ownership of local environmental issues. The paper identified five presumptions underpinning the programme design which privileged the high-performing organisations, but did little to garner commitment and develop capacity among the low-performing group. These implementation insights not only provide guideposts for intergovernmental programme design, but also reveal how policy design can undermine policy intent if empathy to local organisational dynamics is lacking.