武钢热力厂空压机站厂房破坏原因的分析

低束旋转设备的振动与厂房结构的自振，很容易产生共振，破坏了厂房结构的稳定性，本文将热力厂空压机站厂房破损的实例进行分析，提出改变厂房结构避免共振的措施。     

某厂房振动原因分析及加固方案

对某厂房振动原因进行了分析。提出相应的加固处理方案，将厂房振动减少到最小程度，以保证厂房正常，安全生产。     

医药工业洁净厂房的潜在火患及消防设计

随着我国对药品GHP(药品生产管理规范)认证的逐步推行，各制药厂相继新建或将原有的厂房改建成符合认证要求的洁净厂房，由于这些厂房对室内空气洁净度有特殊要求，因此大多数医药工业洁净厂房相对密闭，有的甚至为无窗厂房，室内疏散通道狭窄而曲折，且因为工艺的需要往往采用大量的泡沫等保温材料作为房间分隔，失火后易产生大量的有毒气体，给火灾的扑救和人员的疏散带来困难，具有较大的火灾危险性。     

铁心抓整治 竭力保平交——晋江市“三合一”厂房火灾隐患专项整治取得显著成效

7月12日至14日，晋江市组织对该市“三合一”厂房火灾隐患专项整治工作的进展情况，进行了为期三天的上半年责任制考评工作，以全面、及时掌握全市“三合一”厂房整治的工作进度，确保实现年底彻底完成“三合一”厂房整治的工作目标，按时完成晋江市消除“三合一”厂房火灾隐患的整治目标。     

“三合一”整治不力 晋江安海被黄牌警告

日前，因“三合一”厂房整治不力，晋江市安海镇被晋江市“三合一”厂房整治工作领导小组予以黄牌警告。     

洁净厂房消防安全系统分析

本文从现代防火安全观出发，分析了洁净厂房的火灾特点，依据海因里希的因果链锁理论，构建了建筑火灾损失的数学函数，提出洁净厂房的消防安全技术系统和管理系统。     

防爆厂房布置五字经

防爆厂房的平面及空间布置，必须符合“敞、侧、单。顶、通”五个字的要求。“敞”──是指采用敞开或半敞开的建筑。敞开或半敞开式的厂房，自然通风良好，能有效地排除形成爆炸的条件。在生产设备发生爆炸时，能很快释放大量气体和热量，使厂房破坏损失大大减轻。所以有爆炸危险的生产部位应尽量设在敞开或半敞开的建筑物内，以利于通风和防爆泄压，减少事故损失。“侧”——是将防爆区域布置在外墙侧，并至少要有二面是外墙。有爆炸危险的生产部位应设在单层厂房靠外墙处或多层厂房最顶层靠外墙处。靠近生产设备爆炸部位的对外门窗，比较…     

某厂房主体结构可靠性检测与鉴定

对己使用40年的老工业厂房，按现行《工业厂房可靠性鉴定标准》GBJ144－90进行了可靠性评定。     

棉纺企业厂房技术夹层的防火措施

技术夹层一般用来布置专用的管线和设施，目前在很多企业的厂房中得到了广泛的应用，包括一些棉纺（含毛纺、麻纺，下同）企业厂房中，特别是20世纪70年代后期以来新建、改建、扩建的棉纺织等企业，不仅改变了原来厂房形式和结构，而且向高处发展，在建筑体中普遍采用了夹层这一技术。它通过利用建筑空间的吊平形式，让控制厂房及车间温、湿度的送风管，节能利用室内温度的回风管，滤尘除杂的吸尘管，包括室内生产照明的电线、电缆等辅助设施遮隔于夹层之内，既改善了生产条件，又美化了室内环境。     

整机喷漆厂房改造工程的实践与评价

西飞公司整机喷漆厂房是30年前设计建造的。厂房跨度72m，高20m，有效面积为3600m2，是当时国内仅有的喷漆机库。数百架各种类型的军机、民机在这里穿上新装，飞向蓝天。由于受当时技术和资金条件的限制，国内又无喷漆厂房标准，先天存在一些问题，经多年使用通风效果很不理想，严重影响工人在劳动过程中的安全与健康，并有造成火灾和爆炸的隐患。一、改造前通风状况及问题整个喷漆厂房共布有五台送风机，北边均布三台，南边布两台，型号为12”风机，流量为6．l万m3／h，功率为55KW，按照风压相等原则，送风系统设计成变截面风筒悬挂于墙壁…     

固体可燃物易点燃性标准的探讨

可燃性固体的引燃和熄灭与辐射到其表面的临界热能量和产生挥发分所必需的表面温度有关。探讨固体可燃物易点燃性标准,燃怀标准,对防火和灭火在理论上有一定的指导意义。本文在理论分析的基础上,提出了一种用固体挥发分的临界质量通量量化解释引燃和熄灭条件的方法,给出了易点燃性的标准。     

Incorporating organizational factors into probabilistic risk assessment of complex socio-technical systems: Principles and theoretical foundations

The current generation of Probabilistic Risk Analysis (PRA), particularly those for technical systems, does not include an explicit representation of the possible impacts of organization and management on the safety performance of equipment and personnel. There are a number of technical challenges in developing a predictive model of organizational safety performance. There is a need for a widely accepted and theoretically sound set of principles on which models of organizational influences could be developed and validated. As a result of a multidisciplinary effort, this paper explores the feasibility of developing such principles and proposes a set of principles for organizational safety risk analysis. Then, as a realization of the proposed modeling principles, a safety risk framework, named Socio-Technical Risk Analysis (SoTeRiA), is developed. SoTeRiA formally integrates the technical system risk models with the social (safety culture and safety climate) and structural (safety practices) aspects of safety prediction models, and provides a theoretical basis for the integration. A systematic view of safety culture and safety climate leaves an important gap in modeling complex system safety risk, and SoTeRiA, describing the relationship between these two concepts, bridges this gap. The framework explicitly recognizes the relationship among constructs at multiple levels of analysis, and extends the PRA framework to include the effects of organizational factors in a more comprehensive and defensible way.     

Risk analysis for road and rail transport of hazardous materials: a simplified approach

A simplified approach to transportation risk analysis for road and rail transport of dangerous goods is proposed, which is based on the use of a product databank, containing the impact areas for a number of pre-selected accidental scenarios, and on the selection of a few typical average values of the involved parameters, relevant to the type of transport activity and to the route. Such an approach enables also a non-specialist to very rapidly perform a transportation risk analysis, obtaining both individual and societal risk measures for the study case(s): the results may be used to support a decision making process, and/or as a basis for a more in deep analysis.     

Prediction of the self-ignition temperature in lagging fires by means of isothermal calorimetry

Under certain circumstances, contamination of a porous insulation material by a combustible liquid may result in a lagging/insulation fire. In the current study, a method based on isothermal calorimetry and modelling to estimate the risk of a lagging fire, or a maximum insulation thickness for a certain system temperature, is presented. The studied system was a combination of mineral wool and rapeseed oil. Full-scale tests were performed to determine suitable ignition criteria and to validate the results from the isothermal calorimetry tests and modelling. We contaminated the lagging using two methods – a direct method and a solvent method. These methods were evaluated in the full-scale tests. The solvent method resulted in more repeatable results than the direct method, where the contaminant was poured on the insulation. Using the calorimetric measurements, we estimated the parameters for the kinetic equation. This result was used to estimate the self-ignition temperature of contaminated lagging installed on a pipe. We found that a temperature increase of 40 °C was a reasonable ignition criterion when modelling.     

建筑网络火灾烟气流动稳定性及其控制分析

将建筑作为一个网络整体考虑,研究分析了火灾烟气流动机理,讨论了火灾烟气的热膨胀效应、烟囱效应及室外风力对建筑网络空气和烟气流动的影响.从质量守恒定律讨论了多层建筑中和面的位置及其影响因素,指出控制多层建筑中和面的方法和途径.通过建筑网络回路能量守恒方程,讨论了烟囱效应对建筑网络风流的影响,建筑网络火灾烟气流动的稳定性及合理的烟气控制措施.     

Risk-relevant indices for the characterization of persistence of chemicals in a multimedia environment

The present research study proposes a new set of appropriately defined indices for the characterization of persistence of chemicals in a multimedia environment that prominently figures as a key exposure-based indicator within contemporary frameworks of chemical hazard and risk assessment, as well as recent international regulatory initiatives. Effectively overcoming some of the limitations associated with traditional approaches that could lead to a potential misclassification of chemical substances, the proposed set of persistence indices retain also a conceptually insightful and computational appeal. Conceptually inspired by certain measures/indices for the characteristic time found in classic dynamic systems theory, and technically relying on notions and methods from the theory of matrices, the new performance indices can be easily calculated on the basis of a dynamic multimedia environmental model and the aid of a software package such as MATLAB. In particular, an extension of the notion of equivalence width as a quantitative proxy of overall persistence is introduced, that captures the dynamic history of the chemical's environmental behavior, while remaining independent of the particular release pattern and discharge conditions (thus overcoming the standardization difficulties encountered when a large number of chemicals need to be first screened and classified in a tiered hazard assessment methodology). Furthermore, a second persistence index is introduced whose value can be analytically calculated through the solution of a simple Lyapunov matrix equation bearing some resemblance to certain measures of system resilience used in theoretical biology and ecology, yet inspired by system-theoretic notions associated with the Lyapunov framework of analysis in systems science. Furthermore, for both persistence measures a comparison is made with the slowest time-constant associated with the specific chemical dynamics in a multimedia environment, and upper and lower bounds are established. Finally, the proposed persistence indices are calculated on the basis of a standard dynamic multimedia environmental model for various representative cases involving chemicals of particular interest.     

Participation in the design of performance management systems: a quasi‐experimental field study

In the literature on the relationship between participation in decision making and performance, a tell‐and‐sell strategy is considered a viable alternative to participation. In contrast, we argue that in organizational settings, when a sensitive and important issue is at stake, participation of a form to be characterized as formal, long term, direct, and with a high degree of participant influence is more effective than a tell‐and‐sell strategy. Using a quasi‐experimental design with a participation, a tell‐and‐sell, and a control condition, a ProMES performance management system was implemented in the field service department of a Dutch supplier of photocopiers. Outcome feedback to individual technicians resulted in an average performance increase in the participation condition that was significantly higher than the increase found in the tell‐and‐sell condition. Satisfaction with the program, and the perceived usefulness of the feedback, were significantly higher in the participation condition. In both experimental conditions, the performance increase was significant compared to the control condition. An explanation for these findings is discussed, as are implications for theory and practice. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pipeline leakage detection and isolation: An integrated approach of statistical and wavelet feature extraction with multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLPNN)

Leakage diagnosis of hydrocarbon pipelines can prevent environmental and financial losses. This work proposes a novel method that not only detects the occurrence of a leakage fault, but also suggests its location and severity. The OLGA software is employed to provide the pipeline inlet pressure and outlet flow rates as the training data for the Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) system. The FDI system is comprised of a Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN) classifier with various feature extraction methods including the statistical techniques, wavelet transform, and a fusion of both methods. Once different leakage scenarios are considered and the preprocessing methods are done, the proposed FDI system is applied to a 20-km pipeline in southern Iran (Goldkari-Binak pipeline) and a promising severity and location detectability (a correct classification rate of 92%) and a low False Alarm Rate (FAR) were achieved.     

Semi-quantitative risk assessment of commercial scale supply chain of hydrogen fuel and implications for industry and society

This paper is derived from a study on the safety of bulk transport and storage of hydrogen as a fuel, carried out by the Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL) for the Department for Transport (DfT). The aim of the study was to identify the knowledge and data required to develop fully a risk assessment for a hydrogen delivery and storage infrastructure. The methodology used was to begin to carry out a risk assessment for a representative delivery and storage supply chain, using a risk assessment methodology commensurate with the availability of necessary data. Semi-quantitative risk assessment was carried out through top-down HAZID brainstorming, consequence modelling using commercially available software, and use of a risk matrix.Finally through the risk assessment carried out and relevant literature review, the gaps in hazard identification, consequence modelling and frequency assessment, which should be filled to develop a quantified methodology, were compiled.Using data for current UK LPG consumption, comparisons were made between hydrogen and LPG for mode of failures and number of trips required to supply equivalent energy demand. The implications of using ammonia as a hydrogen carrier (hydrogen is within the ammonia molecule) and regulatory implications on hydrogen fuelling or storage sites are also discussed.