中国环境监测总站完成《2002年中国近岸海域环境质量公报》

近日,中国环境监测总站已完成《2002年中国近岸海域环境质量公报》。公报显示:全国近岸海域水质污染程度有所减轻,以一、二类海水为主,占49.61％,比2001年提高8.21个百分点;四类、超四类海水占35.05％,下降10.15个百分点。东     

俚岛湾海域砷的分布特征及污染评价

以威海俚岛湾养殖区为研究对象,调查研究了俚岛湾海域表层海水和沉积物中总砷的分布特征,并综合评价了砷的污染状况及潜在生态风险。俚岛湾海域表层海水总砷浓度为1.78~2.78μg/L,平均浓度为2.20μg/L,比大洋水略高,俚岛湾海域海水水质较好,未受到砷污染;海水中砷的季节变化为夏季较高、秋冬季基本稳定、春季最低。俚岛湾海域表层沉积物中砷的平面分布呈现出由近岸向远岸降低的趋势,砷含量的年际变化甚微,基本保持稳定的水平;采用潜在生态风险指数法和重金属质量基准法对沉积物进行评价。评价结果表明,该海域表层沉积物中砷污染水平较低,属于低潜在生态风险。     

2019年连云港近岸海域水质环境分析与综合评价

于2019年春、夏、秋季对连云港近岸海域海水中营养盐、重金属等共19项指标进行3个航次采样监测.依照海水水质评价标准统计分析站点达标率,采用有机污染物指数法和富营养化指数法,对调查海域海水有机污染、营养水平等进行综合评价.结果表明:2019年连云港市海域站位全年达标率为86.4％,达标面积为6543 km2,占管辖海域...     

河北省近岸海域氮磷变化及其影响因素分析

根据2011-2018年河北省近岸海域海水、入海河流、降水中氮和磷的监测数据,分析了海水中氮和磷的变化趋势及其影响因素.结果 表明:2011-2018年,河北省近岸海域海水中无机氮(DIN)和无机磷(DIP)的平均浓度均低于第二类海水水质标准,海域富营养化状况以贫营养和轻度富营养为主,超标(第二类海水水质标准限值)点位...     

广西近岸海域入海污染物特征分析

根据2008年广西近岸海域入海污染源的监测调查结果,找出污染物的主要特征。结果表明,广西近岸海域入海污染物以有机物和营养盐为主,入海河流携带的有机物和营养盐占绝大部分,其次是市政混合排污口及海水养殖向近岸海域排放了较多有机物及营养盐。     

基于反距离加权插值法评价海域水质类别空间分布

空间插值技术可以对污染物分布状况进行面状连续表征,是对点位法评价的有效补充。笔者根据现行海水水质评价方法,类比给出近岸海域水质类别空间分布评价的流程:单指标空间插值-单指标水质分类-多指标水质类别判定。研究了反距离加权插值参数的选取方法,并以点位密度不同的全国近岸海域(开放型)和渤海海域(近封闭型)为例进行了插值实验。 结果表明:对目前的点位分布情况而言,全国近岸海域参数设为p=3,N=4, C=200m较为适宜;渤海海域参数为p=2,N=5,C=200m较为适宜。反距离加权插值法在开放海域的拟合效果要优于近封闭海域。     

陆源有机污染对舟山海域大型底栖生物分布的影响

2009年4月对舟山海域进行了25个站位的底栖生物调查,结合同期进行初级生产力、海水水质等的调查数据,分析了初级生产力、富营养化等环境因子对舟山海域大型底栖生物分布的影响。结果表明,舟山海域大型底栖生物共获得84种,多毛类是主要优势类群。舟山海域大型底栖生物平均生物量为11.62g/m²,平均丰度为208.5个/平方米,多样性指数(H')为1.64。舟山海域大型底栖生物的生物量、丰度和多样性指数均呈现由近岸向外海递增的趋势。应用相关性统计分析表明,舟山海域大型底栖生物的分布与海水化学耗氧量(COD)、无机氮(DIN)、磷酸盐(DIP)、富营养化指数和底层溶解氧(DO)存在显著负相关;与初级生产力、盐度和透明度存在显著正相关。说明陆源有机污染、盐度、透明度、初级生产力和底层溶解氧是影响舟山海域大型底栖生物分布的主要因素,其中陆源有机污染是最主要的影响因素。     

南海油田开发环境影响实例分析

陆丰22-1是中国第一个正式弃置的海上油田,处于南海330m深水区.分析开发前期、中期及末期油田附近海域表层海水、表层沉积物和底栖甲壳类体内石油烃含量数据,结果表明油田附近海域环境质量较好,油田开发对环境的主要污染影响是表层海水和底栖生物体内石油类污染物质含量有所升高,尚未见生活污水和食品废弃物的排放对环境造成影响的迹...     

微塑料污染监测现状与研究进展

微塑料(粒径小于5 mm的塑料颗粒和碎片)普遍存在于水体、陆地表层土壤和空气中,严重影响着生态环境安全及人类健康。微塑料污染监测是环境污染治理与生态保护的重要数据基础。首先,在介绍国内外微塑料监测和研究进展的基础上,分析了微塑料污染的来源及其在陆地和水环境中的赋存状态、迁移转化路径。其次,分析了发达国家和地区在微塑料原位监测网布设、样品采集、分析测试和数据模型等方面的技术特征,对国内微塑料监测技术与方法进行了总结。最后,结合现阶段我国在微塑料监测和污染防治方面的不足,初步提出了针对我国微塑料污染监测技术发展和监测体系建设的对策建议,阐述了数据模型方法在微塑料污染监测中的重要作用。研究成果可为我国“十四五”期间微塑料监测网络和监测体系建设等提供参考和借鉴。     

莱州湾表层沉积物中多氯联苯的测定方法及分布特征探究

以加速溶剂萃取法 (ASE)、索氏提取法/气相色谱法测定了莱州湾表层沉积物中的12种PCBs的浓度水平,探讨了它的分布特征并将两种方法进行了对比;同时测定了渤海湾北部海域表层沉积物中PCBs的含量,与莱州湾进行了比较。结果表明,莱州湾海域表层沉积物检测出8种多氯联苯(PCBs),浓度范围是N.D.~48.40 ng ·g ^-1dw。该海域多氯联苯的分布特征是近岸高,离岸低,由近岸向湾外延伸方向依次递减;渤海湾PCBs的浓度范围是0.15~68.30 ng ·g ^-1dw,和莱州湾差别不大。索氏提取法测定12种多氯联苯类化合物的基质加标回收率为78.00%~104.85%,相对标准偏差为0.95%~3.64%;加速溶剂萃取法的基质加标回收率为90.00%~102.00%,相对标准偏差为0.65%~2.75%;相对于渤海湾北部海域而言,莱州湾区域只是受到轻度污染,属于低风险生态区,不会对生物产生毒副作用;而前者则处于中度污染水平,可能会对生物产生毒副作用。     

Investigating the impacts of treated effluent discharge on coastal water health (Visakhapatnam,SW coast of Bay of Bengal,India)

The present study investigated the impacts of treated effluent discharge on physicochemical and biological properties of coastal waters from three pharmaceuticals situated along the coast of Visakhapatnam (SW Bay of Bengal). Seawater samples were collected (during the months of December 2013, March 2014 and April 2014) from different sampling locations (Chippada (CHP), Tikkavanipalem (TKP) and Nakkapalli (NKP)) at 0- and 30-m depths within 2-km radius (0.5 km = inner, 1 km = middle and 2 km?=?outer sampling circles) from the marine outfall points. Physicochemical and biological parameters, which differed significantly within the stations, were likely to be influenced by strong seasonality rather than local discharge. Dissolved oxygen variability was tightly coupled with both physical and biological processes. Phytoplankton cell density and total chlorophyll (TChla) concentrations were significantly correlated with dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations. CHP (December) represented a diatom bloom condition where the highest concentrations of diatom cells, total chlorophyll (TChla), dissolved oxygen coupled with lower zooplankton abundance and low nutrient levels were noticed. The centric diatom, Chaetoceros sp. (>?50%) dominated the phytoplankton community. TKP (March) represented a post-diatom bloom phase with the dominance of Pseudo-nitzschia seriata; zooplankton abundance and nutrient concentrations were minimum. Conversely, NKP (April) represented a warm well-stratified heterotrophic period with maximum zooplankton and minimum phytoplankton density. Dinoflagellate abundance increased at this station. Relatively higher water temperature, salinity, inorganic nutrients coupled with very low concentrations of dissolved oxygen, TChla and pH were observed at this station. Copepods dominated the zooplankton communities in all stations and showed their highest abundance in the innermost sampling circles. Treated effluent discharge did not seem to have any significant impact at these discharge points.     

The Use of Mytilus Galloprovincialis Acetylcholinesterase and Glutathione S-Transferases Activities as Biomarkers of Environmental Contamination Along the Northwest Portuguese Coast

With the aim of using Mytilus galloprovincialis acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) activities as biomarkers of environmental contamination in risk assessment studies along the northwest Portuguese coast, the objective of this study was to provide background information related to: (1) baseline values of these enzymatic activities both in reference and contaminated areas and their responsiveness as indicators of exposure to environmental contaminants; (2) the importance of seasonal variations of such biomarkers in M. galloprovincialis along this area. For this, the activity of these enzymes was seasonally determined in mussels collected from four sites, including a reference and three stations with different contamination sources along the referred area. Statistically significant differences on both enzymatic activities were found among the four sampling stations, at the four sampling periods. In comparison to the reference station, lower AChE and higher GST activity values were found in mussels collected in stations potentially contaminated by pesticides and domestic/industrial effluents and in mussels collected in the vicinity of an oil refinery and an industrial/mercantile harbour, respectively. The results obtained in this work highlighted the potential suitability of these biomarkers to be used as components of environmental monitoring programs in risk assessment studies along the northwest Portuguese coast. Since a seasonal variation in both enzymatic activities was found, the possible implications of such variability in the use of these enzymes as environmental biomarkers are also discussed.     

淡水环境沉积物中微塑料的密度分离方法研究

微塑料污染已广泛覆盖了全球海洋和淡水环境的表层水体、深层水体以及沉积物,沉积物中的泥沙和其他杂质颗粒会严重影响对沉积物中微塑料的实验分析.因此,将微塑料从沉积物中分离出来至关重要,而目前我国微塑料分离方法暂无统一的系统程序和检测标准.该研究在岷江成都段选取4个采样点采集沉积物样品,通过对比研究基于密度分离法的3种分离方...     

Abundance pattern of wedge clam Donax cuneatus (L.) in different spatial scale in the vicinity of a coastal nuclear power plant

Impact of thermal discharge from a coastal power station (Madras Atomic Power Station, southeast coast of India) on the spatial variability of Donax cuneatus abundance was assessed to determine the impact boundary. Totally, 20 sites were selected both on south and north side in increasing spatial scale from mixing zone, 12 locations were selected toward south side at a distance from 0 (near mixing point) to 2,000 m and eight location were selected toward north from the effluent mixing zone. Mean water temperature along the coast ranged from 29.1 ±0.15°C to 31.2 ± 0.15°C. Total organic carbon content in the sediment ranged from 0.27% to 0.70%. D. cuneatus population on the swash zone was ranged between 1.3 ± 1.5 and 88.3 ± 9.6 m^???2. Meager population of wedge clam was observed up to 100 m (S100) south from mixing point and abundance gradually increased in different spatial scale. Comparatively high abundance was observed from S400 and reached maximum at S1000 (64.0 ± 3.6 m^???2). Similar pattern was observed on north side too but less abundance was observed only up to 80 m (N80). Maximum abundance was observed at control location C3-N500 (88.3 ± 9.6 m^???2). Forty meters on either side of discharge point was highly impacted, 80 to 100 m toward plume flow (south) was moderately impacted, and 80 m north of mixing point also witnessed moderate impact. After 100 m (N100), north was not affected by effluents, whereas between 100 and 400 m, south was influenced slightly. Multivariate clustering pattern on the environmental variables of all sampling locations and population trend of D. cuneatus at those stations showed similarity. Present investigation unambiguously showed that the abundance pattern of D. cuneatus on the sandy beach of east coast of Kalpakkam is not governed by single major factor but due to the result of multiple interacting factors. The population size of the wedge clam with reference to the effect of power plant effluents and other features of habitats of the beach ecosystem are also discussed.     

Investigating the spatial distribution of phototrophic picoplankton in a tropical estuary

We sampled extensively (29 stations) at the Klang estuarine system over a 3-day scientific expedition. We measured physical and chemical variables (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, dissolved inorganic nutrients) and related them to the spatial distribution of phototrophic picoplankton (Ppico). Multivariate analysis of variance of the physicochemical variables showed the heterogeneity of the Klang estuarine system where the stations at each transect were significantly different (Rao’s F _{18, 36}?=?8.401, p?<?0.001). Correlation analyses also showed that variables related to Ppico abundance and growth were mutually exclusive. Distribution of Ppico was best explained by the physical mixing between freshwater and seawater whereas Ppico growth was correlated with temperature.     

Temporal variability of macrofauna from a disturbed habitat in Zuari estuary, west coast of India

Natural disturbances along with human interference make the tropical estuaries amongst the most disturbed areas globally. In spite of this, information on the seasonal variability of macrofauna from tropical estuaries is few. Temporal variability of macrofaunal community from Mormugao Bay, Zuari estuary, on the west coast of India was examined from 2003 to 2004 at seven stations. Environmental variability was assessed through physicochemical parameters of water and sediment. The changes in macrobenthic community were assessed using abundance, biomass and species diversity indices. The environmental parameters showed a significant seasonal variation influenced by monsoonal changes. The changes in the environmental conditions brought about variation in the macrobenthic community. Macrofaunal abundance, biomass and species diversity were the highest during post-monsoon influenced by recruitment. In monsoon, the macrobenthic community was dominated by polychaetes (92.17%), whereas bivalves dominated during the post-monsoon (57.7%). The macrofauna showed drastic decline during the stable pre-monsoon season, a period when the highest abundance of fauna is observed in the tropical estuary. Therefore, the macrobenthic community in the area did not follow the seasonal trend generally observed in a tropical estuary. Further, the community during pre-monsoon season was dominated by the opportunistic polychaete species indicating a possible influence of harbour activities in structuring the benthic community of the area.     

典型污水处理厂微塑料赋存特征研究

于2021年对镇江市3家典型污水厂水样开展微塑料调查,采用电子显微镜和拉曼光谱仪对水样进行检测分析.结果表明:样品中检出14种微塑料,其中聚乙烯(PE)占比在40％左右,聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)等的占比在5％～40％,尼龙(PA)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚甲醛(POM)、聚甲基丙烯酸...     

江苏省春季臭氧污染特征分析

对2018—2020年春季江苏省臭氧(O3)污染特征进行了分析.结果表明,江苏省ρ(O3)均超过二级标准限值,分别超出5.6％,11.3％和8.8％,沿江区域ρ(O3)略高于苏北区域;ρ(O3-1 h)日变化呈"单峰型",峰值呈逐年上升趋势,非污染日苏北区域ρ(O3-1 h)均高于沿江区域,主要时间段体现在夜间至次日早...     

环境中土壤微塑料研究热点及趋势可视化研究

为探究微塑料的研究现状、热点及趋势,以Web of Science核心合集数据库及中国知网(CNKI)数据库为数据来源,利用CiteSpace等软件绘制作者及机构共现网络图谱、区域分布特征图谱、关键词共现网络图谱和参考文献共被引图谱等,对环境微塑料尤其是土壤微塑料的研究现状及热点进行可视化分析。结果表明:微塑料研究自2016年开始逐步加强,其中土壤微塑料的研究热度在2021—2022年迅速上升;对于土壤微塑料,丰度分布、污染机制和健康风险等是当前研究的热点;完善土壤微塑料检测方法体系,探寻合适的土壤微塑料污染治理和管控方法及对策,对于维护生态安全和保障人体健康具有重要意义。