以市场为主体，推进新能源产业大发展

新能源产业存在一定的产能过剩是正常的，适度的过剩是市场经济的必然结果。在新能源产业的投资上，应区分政府投资和民间投资，以民间投资为主体，但政府也应加强引导，规范民间投资行为，杜绝恶性圈地、盲目扩张，实现新能源产业的良性发展和合理区域分工。在资源配置上．政府规划和市场配置要有机地结合起来．以高效的市场配置为基础，以政府规划弥补市场配置的弊端．创造一个良好的投资环境，推进新能源产业的大发展。     

南方周末──改革,只有改革才是唯一出路

难以确定的是民间投资，而民间投资将是决定经济长期发展最重要的因素之一。国家信息中心副主任刘鹤说：“这取决于鼓励民营经济的政策实施到什么程度，取决于制度变革的进程”。“现在大家都越来越认识到，制约经济增长的因素来自生产关系和上层建筑。中央关于‘十五’计划的建议明确提出，未来五年的工作重心是结构调整，结构调整的关键是经济结构的调整和所有制结构的调整。改造国有经济的同时大力发展非国有经济，并且要通过法律确定这一格局。这个理念中央巳经有了，大势是不可逆转的。”但是，刘鹤对改革的前景还是表示了一丝忧虑：“…     

建设项目环境经济损益分析方法的研究

一、简易分析法建设项目环评报告书均应有环境经济损益分析专题内容。但是，对于项目不太大或项目污染不严重的环评报告书来说，只需做出简易的环境经济损益分析。简易分析的主要内容为环保投资估算、投资比例及环境效益分析。以“湖北艾森一天发油脂项目环境影响评价”（以下简称“文发项目”，荆沙市环科所编写）为例：1．环保投资估算及投资比例首先阐明拟建工程环保设施的划分结果。不同的行业对环保设施的划分有不同规定，如石油化工行业对环保设施的划分在SHJ24－90中作了原则性划分。’‘艾发项目”环保投资估算包括：污水处理站23…     

污水处理厂设备的更新

分析污水处理厂设备运行状况，对设备更新前后，从投资角度，进行经济分析，以提出设备更新年限，提高污水处理厂经济效益。     

城市土地价值的演变过程

根据经济增长点（投资点）的区际变化关系，本文分析了城市土地价值的均衡增长与不均衡增长过程，揭示了城市土地价值的演变规律．     

我国农村块状经济发展中的环境问题与对策

改革开放２０年来，随着农村产业结构的调整和经济体制改革的不断深入，农村块状经济得到了迅速发展。目前块状经济已成为农村经济发展的主体力量，成为农民摆脱贫困、致富奔小康的主要途径。但块状经济发展中产生的环境污染问题日益突出，因此，防治块状经济发展中的环境污染已迫在眉睫。笔者通过对比较典型的袜业、小五金、纺织等块状经济的调查分析，就防治块状经济发展中产生的环境污染问题谈一些粗浅的看法。 一、块状经济发展的特点 个体私营企业（以下简称个私企业）是块状经济的主体。个私企业开始经营时未经环保、工商等部门的审批…     

住房改革:增长为先还是民生为本?

住房改革是从1998年开始的,但刚开始的住房政策基本上还是以保障机制为主,市场调节为辅。2003年以后推进的市场化改革,标志着一个以市场调节为主、保障机制为辅的新的机制的确立。中国当前房地产业畸形发展的原因,在于不受约束的权力与过度市场化的结合。过于单一的房地产业,迫切需要在政府提供的保障房之外,有一个真正的来自民间的力量来跟他们抗衡,这个民间的力量就应该是自建房。现阶段改革的顶层设计需要把过去以经济建设为抓手的改革,变为以民生为抓手的改革。     

河南省旅游-经济发展类型及其开发战略

以河南省18个地市旅游与经济统计数据为样本，运用典型相关模型探讨旅游与区域经济发展之间的关系。第一典型变量揭示旅游产业发展有利于区域经济发展与对外开放；第二典型变量显示旅游发展能够促进工业化、拉动消费与固定资产投资。依据典型方程得分，划分为旅游与经济发达地区、较发达地区、一般地区等三种类型，并提出旅游发展策略。     

保增长扩内需：中央新增环保投资230亿

国家发改委有关负责人日前表示，去年四季度以来，中央在分两批安排的新增投资2300亿元中，安排节能减排、生态建设和环境保护投资230亿元，比重占到10％。这表明，在中央扩大内需、促进经济增长的一揽子计划中，加强节能减排、生态建设和环境保护是重要内容。     

窑尾电收尘器与在线脉喷袋收尘器应用分析

以5000t／d新型干法水泥熟料生产线为例，从一次性投资、维护费用和运行费用等几个方面对窑尾电收尘器和在线脉喷袋收尘器进行了技术经济对比分析。分析表明：当排放浓度要求≤50mg／Nm^3时，窑尾袋收尘器比电收尘器设备一次性投资高4．12％，运行费用高50．41％。     

Environmental flows for rivers and economic compensation for irrigators

Securing flows for environmental purposes from an already fully utilized river is an impossible task--unless users are either coerced into freeing up water, or offered incentives to do so. One sensible strategy for motivating users to liberate volumes is to offer them economic compensation. The right amount for that compensation then becomes a key environmental management issue. This paper analyses a proposal to restore and maintain ecosystems on a stretch of the Río Conchos in northern Mexico, downstream from a large irrigation district that consumes nearly all local flows. We present here estimates of environmental flow requirements for these ecosystems and compute compensation figures for irrigators. These figures are derived from crop-specific irrigation water productivities we statistically estimate from a large set of historical production and irrigation data obtained from the district. This work has general implications for river ecosystem management in water-stressed basins, particularly in terms of the design of fair and effective water sharing mechanisms.     

Social Demand for Ecosystem Services and Implications for Watershed Management

We performed a sociocultural preference assessment for a suite of ecosystem services provided by the Kiamichi River watershed in the south‐central United States, a region with intense water conflict. The goal was to examine how a social assessment of services could be used to weigh tradeoffs among water resource uses for future watershed management and planning. We identified the ecosystem services beneficiaries groups, analyzed perception for maintaining services, assessed differences in the importance and perceived trends for ecosystem services, and explored the perceived impact on ecosystem services arising from different watershed management scenarios. Results show habitat for species and water regulation were two ecosystem services all beneficiaries agreed were important. The main discrepancies among stakeholder groups were found for water‐related services. The identification of potential tradeoffs between services under different flow scenarios promotes a dynamic management strategy for allocating water resources, one that mitigates potential conflicts. While it is widely accepted the needs of all beneficiaries should be considered for the successful incorporation of ecosystem services into watershed management, the number of studies actually using the sociocultural perspective in ecosystem service assessment is limited. Our study demonstrates it is both possible and useful to quantify social demand of ecosystem services in watershed management.     

瑞典的生态税收及对我国的借鉴

瑞典的生态税收规模较大,种类较多,并具有特色,主要是对能源及其他与环境有关的税基的征税。近年我国能源的消耗量逐渐增大,以及废旧电池等对环境污染较大,应该借鉴瑞典的经验,开征独立的环境保护税,并配合其他措施,将取得的税收用于环境的保护。     

On accounting for sustainable development and accounting for the environment

Economic sustainability or intergenerational equity entails maintaining social well-being by decisions about investments in different types of assets. Under certain conditions, consumption can be sustained by depleting resources, or various kinds of natural capital, while building up other kinds of capital. Theoretically, the choices involve the use of a set of accounting prices. The question becomes one of finding and implementing accounting prices that express the roles of the various capital goods in achieving the objective of the economy.Hartwick's rule holds that an economy can be sustained if the value of the total, net investment in the economy, evaluated at those accounting prices, is zero. The rule applies to a special, abstract economic model which expresses a social objective different from the discounted-utilitarian objective on which national accounting is based. Different objectives give rise to different accounting prices. Because the prices may not be right, the zero net-investment rule using available national-accounting prices cannot generate a condition for sustaining an economy.Still, environmental accounting is a tool which, used prudently, can make an important contribution to social decision-making. This paper expands upon these ideas by discussing the incorporation of natural resource and intangible environmental costs and benefits into green accounting at the firm as well as the economy level. Common techniques of mine valuation and standard corporate accounting are the bases for this extension to the valuation of and accounting for decisions concerning the environment.     

Procedure for assessing visual quality for landscape planning and management

Incorporation of aesthetic considerations in the process of landscape planning and development has frequently met with poor results due to its lack of theoretical basis, public involvement, and failure to deal with spatial implications. This problem has been especially evident when dealing with large areas, for example, the Adirondacks, Scenic Highways, and National Forests and Parks. This study made use of public participation to evaluate scenic quality in a portion of the Niagara Escarpment in Southern Ontario, Canada. The results of this study were analyzed using thevisual management model proposed by Brown and Itami (1982) as a means of assessing and evaluating scenic quality. Themap analysis package formulated by Tomlin (1980) was then applied to this assessment for the purpose of spatial mapping of visual impact. The results of this study illustrate that it is possible to assess visual quality for landscape/management, preservation, and protection using a theoretical basis, public participation, and a systematic spatial mapping process.     

Vehicular air pollution and asthma: implications for education for health and environmental sustainability

Studies show a direct relationship between occurrence of asthma and increases of particulate matter in the air. Private transportation is found to be a significant contributor to this problem. The objective of this article is to explore this link between air pollution, asthma and vehicular dependency in order to provide recommendations for health and transport policy. This article focuses on the survey of literature on the relationship between vehicular air pollution and asthma; combining it with the literature on vehicular dependency or ‘car culture’ in the global context and in The Netherlands. This article exposes the imbalance of power between patient groups and polluting industries, and the government failure to protect the weaker party can be explained by corporate pressures. It will be argued that since air pollution is tied to the corporate support for the car industry and vested interests in promoting a ‘car culture’, strategic policy that claims to be concerned with public health should explicitly link the present pattern of mobility to public health. This article concludes with a recommendation for raising environmental health awareness by explicitly linking vehicular dependency to respiratory health through a combination of holistic and citizenship education.     

A Suggestion for an Improved Vegetation Scheme for Local and Global Mapping and Monitoring

The next stage in the process will be to obtain the views of as many people working in as many different fields as possible, to see whether the proposed scheme suits their needs and how it should be modified. With a few modifications, such a scheme could easily be appended to an existing land cover classification scheme, such as the FAO system, greatly increasing the usefulness and accessability of the results of the landcover classification.     

Options for National Parks and Reserves for Adapting to Climate Change

Past and present climate has shaped the valued ecosystems currently protected in parks and reserves, but future climate change will redefine these conditions. Continued conservation as climate changes will require thinking differently about resource management than we have in the past; we present some logical steps and tools for doing so. Three critical tenets underpin future management plans and activities: (1) climate patterns of the past will not be the climate patterns of the future; (2) climate defines the environment and influences future trajectories of the distributions of species and their habitats; (3) specific management actions may help increase the resilience of some natural resources, but fundamental changes in species and their environment may be inevitable. Science-based management will be necessary because past experience may not serve as a guide for novel future conditions. Identifying resources and processes at risk, defining thresholds and reference conditions, and establishing monitoring and assessment programs are among the types of scientific practices needed to support a broadened portfolio of management activities. In addition to the control and hedging management strategies commonly in use today, we recommend adaptive management wherever possible. Adaptive management increases our ability to address the multiple scales at which species and processes function, and increases the speed of knowledge transfer among scientists and managers. Scenario planning provides a broad forward-thinking framework from which the most appropriate management tools can be chosen. The scope of climate change effects will require a shared vision among regional partners. Preparing for and adapting to climate change is as much a cultural and intellectual challenge as an ecological challenge.