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甲胺磷农药废水生化处理高效菌选育的研究 总被引:23,自引:1,他引:23
从用甲胺磷农药废水长期驯化的活污泥中,筛选得到两株降解甲胺磷农药废水中有机磷的高效菌,经鉴定一株为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacilluscereus)。另一株为嗜中温假单胞菌(Pseudomonasmesophilica)。确定了上述高效菌的最适生长条件和降解有机磷的能力,混合高效菌的有机磷去除率达99.7%。 相似文献
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以零价铁(ZVI)和一株高效脱色菌克雷伯氏菌yl-1作为联合体系,研究其对亚甲基蓝溶液的脱色性能,并采用单因素实验及中心组合设计-响应面分析法(CCD-RSM法)对该过程的脱色条件进行优化。实验结果表明:相比于单独ZVI体系和单独yl-1脱色菌体系,ZVI-脱色菌联合体系的脱色率分别提高了40%和10%;在初始pH为8、初始亚甲基蓝质量浓度为250 mg/L、ZVI投加量为4.0 g/L、反应温度为33℃的最优条件下,ZVI-脱色菌联合体系对亚甲基蓝脱色反应液的脱色率为91.33%。 相似文献
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从陕北原油污染土壤中筛选出7株高效石油烃降解菌,其中黄杆菌属CC-2、不动细菌属SC-5、假单胞菌属SC-6表现出较强的石油烃降解能力。通过单因素试验和正交试验考察总石油烃(TPH)降解效果的影响因素,得出各因素对TPH降解率影响程度的大小次序为:溶液p H降解温度降解菌接种量摇床转速,且在降解菌接种量为7%(φ)、溶液p H为7、降解温度为30℃、摇床转速为150 r/min的最适处理条件下,菌株SC-6的TPH降解率可达61.23%。原油污染土壤生物修复实验结果表明:高效石油烃降解菌的投加有利于土壤TPH降解率和酶活性的提高;"菌株SC-6+营养剂"组修复处理42 d后的TPH降解率可达57.59%。 相似文献
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从某印染厂废水排放出口的污泥中分离到一株活性艳蓝X-BR染料高效降解菌LPY68-14,经生理生化鉴定,该菌为埃希氏菌(Escherichia sp.).研究了影响菌株LPY68-14降解效果的因素,实验结果表明:在缺氧、质量分数为0.2%葡萄糖为外加碳源、温度37℃、接种量4 mL、pH 7的最佳条件下,质量浓度为30 mg/L的活性艳蓝X-BR经菌株LPY68-14处理24 h后的降解率可达80%;当活性艳蓝X-BR质量浓度为100~400 mg/L时,该菌处理48 h后的降解率可稳定在70%左右. 相似文献
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微生物菌剂强化处理油砂 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了微生物菌剂对油砂的处理效果,并通过第15天和第30天两次追加微生物菌剂和营养物质来加速分解石油类污染物。试验结果表明,经过56d的处理,菌剂强化处理单元最终油去除率达到47.4%;添加营养物质和农家肥的对照单元油去除率为23.6%,证明土著菌种在得到适宜的营养和共代谢基质后降解了部分石油;未做任何处理的原始油砂单元含油量基本没有变化。通过气相色谱一质谱联用分析表明,微生物菌剂对于较少碳原子数的有机物质有较好的降解效果。处理单元中随着石油分解过程的进行,系统pH会有一个明显的下降过程。通过对照单元细菌数的检测发现,改善营养物质和氧含量,可以提高土著菌种的石油降解件能。 相似文献
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兼氧技术应用于有机污泥的处理 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
应用兼氧技术处理有机污泥,对处理过程中挥发性脂肪酸的生成、N元素的变化、兼氧微生物的种群进行了检测,结果表明,有机污泥经过24h兼氧反应后,污泥中的有机物得到降解,酸化反应生成了质量浓度的2531mg/L的乙酸;系统中NH3-N含量略有上升;兼氧反应过程中的微生物以异养型的产酸细菌为优势菌种。污泥被水解酸化后回流到废水处理系统,系统基本无剩余污泥排放。 相似文献
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以长期被苯系物污染的活性污泥为菌源,采用液相“诱导物-中间产物-目标污染物”驯化模式驯化出专性混合石油降解菌群,并将其用于Fenton氧化—微生物法处理模拟石油污染土壤。高通量测序结果表明,产黄杆菌属(Rhodanobacter)、分支杆菌属(Mycobacterium)和根瘤菌属(Rhizobiales)为主导菌属。实验结果表明:接种混合菌群后降解50 d,土样的总石油烃(TPH)去除率较土著菌提高了13.4~20.5百分点;对于TPH含量(w)分别为4%,8%,11%的土样,Fenton氧化的最佳H2O2加入量分别为3,4,4 mol/L(Fe2+加入量0.04 mol/L),TPH总去除率分别可达88.8%,65.0%,47.7%,较单独Fenton氧化或单独微生物法均有很大程度的提高,且缩短了降解时间,增加了土壤有机质。 相似文献
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Arpita Bhowmik Koji Ishimura Kohei Nakamura Kazuhiro Takamizawa 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2012,14(3):212-219
We showed the cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cis-1,2-DCE) dechlorination ability of Clostridium species DC-1 in association with other bacteria. Result of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed the dominant band pattern of DC-1 during the degradation time of cis-1,2-DCE and dominance of some other Clostridium species. Experiment with addition of Escherichia coli (E. coli) showed that dechlorinating activity of DC-1 was not inhibited by the presence of E. coli. Pour plate experiment with DC-1 and E. coli revealed that the dominance of Clostridium species caused the decrease of E. coli growth in a bioremediation state. This result suggested the possibility of Clostridium species DC-1 as a degrader of cis-1,2-DCE, in a cis-1,2-DCE contaminated site where an indigenous microbial community is present. Experiment conducting with E. coli suggested that the strain in the contaminated site did not inhibit the degradation of cis-1,2-DCE and during the degradation period, rather some other Clostridium species became dominant and the growth of E. coli would be decreased. This finding could be a very positive approach for implementing the dechlorinating bacteria at aliphatic chlorinated component contaminated sites. 相似文献
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综述了物理修复、化学修复、微生物修复及联合修复等几种主要的1,2,4-三氯苯(1,2,4-TCB)环境污染修复技术的研究进展。阐述了各种修复方法的反应原理、修复条件和效果,对比了各种修复方法的优缺点。提出今后的研究方向:解决物理吸附法修复1,2,4-TCB污染后的吸附剂的后续处理问题;优化化学降解1,2,4-TCB的工艺条件,避免二次污染,进行现场试验,实现工程应用;分离、培育1,2,4-TCB的优势降解菌种;深入研究联合修复技术的降解机理,实现1,2,4-TCB的高效、彻底降解。 相似文献
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Lakes caused by coal mining processes are characterized by low pH, low nutrient status, and high concentrations of Fe(II) and sulfate due to the oxidation of pyrite in the surrounding mine tailings. Fe(III) produced during Fe(II) oxidation precipitates to the anoxic acidic sediment, where the microbial reduction of Fe(III) is the dominant electron-accepting process for the oxidation of organic matter, apparently mediated by acidophilic Acidiphilium species. Those bacteria can reduce a great variety of Fe(III)-(hydr)oxides and reduce Fe(III) and oxygen simultaneously which might be due to the small differences in the redox potentials under low pH conditions. Due to the absence of sulfide, Fe(II) formed in the upper 6 cm of the sediment diffuses to oxic zones in the water layer where itcan be reoxidized by Acidithiobacillus species. Thus, acidic conditions are stabilized by the cycling of iron which inhibits fermentative and sulfate-reducing activities. With increasing sediment depth, the amount of reactive iron decrease, the pH increases above 5, and fermentative and as yet unknown Fe(III)-reducing bacteria are also involved in the reduction of Fe(III). Sulfate is reduced apparently by the activity of spore-forming sulfate reducers including new species of Desulfosporosinus that have their pH optimum similar to in situconditions and are not capable of growth at pH 7. However, generation of alkalinity via sulfate reduction is reduced by the anaerobic reoxidation of sulfide back to sulfate. Thus, the microbial cycling of iron at the oxic-anoxic interface and the anaerobic cycling of sulfur maintains environmental conditions appropriate for acidophilic Fe(III)-reducing and acid-tolerant sulfate-reducing microbial communities. 相似文献
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Dynamics of Bacterial Abundance,Biomass, Activity,and Community Composition in the Oligotrophic Traunsee and the Traun River (Austria) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Klammer Susanne Posch Thomas Sonntag Bettina Griebler Christian Mindl Birgit Psenner Roland 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(4):137-163
The holomictic Traunsee is the deepest and second largest lakein Austria. The special characteristic of this ecosystem isthe fact that local salt and soda industries presumably alterthe lake by the discharge of waste materials. Since thebeginning of the 20th century salt and soda works areannually releasing up to 50,000 tons of solid wastes and up to150,000 tons of chloride into Traunsee. To assess potentialeffects of these anthropogenic impacts on the bacterioplanktonthree sampling sites, influenced as well as not influenced bythe industrial discharge, were chosen for comparison andsampled monthly from November 1997 to October 1998. Bacterialabundance ranged between 0.4 to 3.0 × 106 cells ml-1 with decreasing numbers along the depth profile. Theproportion of actively respiring bacteria, i.e. INT [2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride]reducing cells, never exceeded 10% of DAPI (4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole) stained cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to examine the seasonal and spatial distribution of dominant phylogenetic groups of thebacterioplankton. Up to 84% of bacteria detected with DAPIcould be detected via FISH applying the universal bacterialprobe EUB338. Percentages of alpha- and beta-Proteobacteriaand members of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster did notexceed 60% of DAPI-stained cells.Beta-Proteobacteriaappeared to be the most abundant group, not only in Traunsee butalso in two reference lakes, Attersee and Hallstättersee. No significant differences in any of the bacterial parameters couldbe detected between the three sampling sites and all measurementswere found in the range reported for oligotrophic lakes. The highdischarge of the Traun River, resulting in a lake water renewaltime of only one year, may diminish possible effects of industrial waste discharge in the pelagic zone. 相似文献