共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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从柴油污染土壤中筛选分离出一株高效降解柴油的菌株CY-1,考察了自然衰减修复、生物刺激修复、生物强化修复以及生物刺激-生物强化联合修复等4种修复方法对土壤中柴油的降解能力及降解过程中几种土壤微生物酶活性的变化。实验结果表明:该菌为假单胞菌属;采用生物刺激-生物强化联合修复初始柴油质量分数为2.70%的柴油污染土壤,经过31 d的降解,柴油质量分数降至1.09%,柴油去除率达59.6%;经生物刺激-生物强化联合修复,土壤脱氢酶活性和荧光素二乙酸酯水解酶活性最高;通过生物刺激处理可使土壤脲酶活性和磷酸酶活性达到最高。 相似文献
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含磁粉生物反应器处理苯酚废水 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
采用含磁粉生物反应器对质量浓度为120~350 mg/L的苯酚模拟废水进行强化生物处理.实验结果表明:添加适量磁粉可使废水中DO提高约10%;与不含磁粉生物反应器比较,含磁粉生物反应器工艺使填料挂膜时间缩短1~2 d,填料上附着微生物量增多;质量浓度为350 mg/L的苯酚模拟废水在20 h内的苯酚去除率可达80%,降解时间缩短了10 h.初步分析了添加磁粉提高生物反应器处理废水效率的机理.实验证实了含磁粉生物反应器工艺的合理运用是强化处理含酚废水的有效途径. 相似文献
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天津莱特化工有限公司采用生物强化技术独创了莱特生物反应器(LTBR)技术预处理液化气(LPG)碱渣.COD为60~150 g/L、S2-质量浓度为10~25 g/L的LPG碱渣经LTBR技术预处理后,废水中S2-质量浓度小于1mg/L,COD小于500 mg/L,各主要污染物去除率均在95%以上.LTBR技术预处理LPG碱渣的成功应用为LTBR技术在其他高浓度废水预处理领域的推广提供了重要技术支持. 相似文献
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粉末活性炭—生物处理技术机理与应用 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
粉末活性炭-生物处理技术是众多废水处理方法中行之有效的方法这一。本文分别用活性污泥强化、生物再生和代谢产物吸附三种作用机理对工艺进行了阐述,同时对目前国外这一技术的研究与应用进行了较系统的介绍,对该工艺的经济技术性能进行了一定的说明。 相似文献
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以盆栽实验为基础,研究了植物(黑麦草,Lolium perenne L)-微生物(不动杆菌,Acinetobacter sp.)组合体系对石油污染土壤的修复效果。实验结果表明:在总石油烃含量为4 420.18 mg/kg、脱氢酶活性为230.52 μg/(g·d)、苯酚毒性当量浓度(TEQphenol)为1 633.21 mg/L的初始条件下,强化组总石油烃降解率最高为53.08%,是对照组的1.60倍;土壤的脱氢酶活性达到637.73 μg/(g·d),是对照组的10.64倍;石油污染土壤的生物毒性大幅降低, TEQphenol最终降低至171.08 mg/L。说明该组合体系对石油污染土壤具有很好的修复作用,且微生物对土壤中有毒物质的降解起主要作用。 相似文献
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Armelle Braud Karine Jézéquel Emilie Vieille Adrien Tritter Thierry Lebeau 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2006,6(3-4):261-279
Partly because of the low bioavailability of metals, the soil cleaning-up using phytoremediation is usually time-consuming.
In order to enhance the amount of metals at the plant's disposal, the soil bioaugmentation coupled together with phytoextraction
is an emerging technology. In this preliminary work, two agricultural soils which mainly differed in their Cr, Hg and Pb contents
(LC, low-contaminated soil; HC, high-contaminated soil) were bioaugmented in laboratory conditions by either bacterial (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens or Ralstonia metallidurans) or fungal inocula (Aspergillus niger or Penicillium simplicissimum) and incubated during three weeks. The LC soil pots bioaugmented with A. niger and P. aeruginosa contained higher concentrations of Cr (0.08 and 0.25 mg.kg−1 dw soil) and Pb (0.25 and 0.3 mg.kg−1 dw soil) in the exchangeable fraction F1 (extraction with MgCl2) by comparison with the non-bioaugmented soil where neither Cr nor Pb was detected. Conversely, immobilization of Cr and
Pb in the soil were observed with the other microorganisms. The soil bioaugmentation not only modified the metal speciation
for the most easily extractable fractions but also modified the distribution of metals in the other fractions, to a lesser
extent nevertheless. The difference in microbial concentrations between the bioaugmented or not HC soils reached up to 1.8
log units. Thus the microorganisms that we chose for the soil bioaugmentation were competitive towards the indigenous microflora.
The PCA analysis showed close positive relationships between the microorganisms which potentially produced siderophores in
the soil and the amount of Cr and Pb in the fraction F1. 相似文献
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Biological barriers are a beneficial application of biofilms that aim at reducing the hydraulic conductivity (K) in geological formations. Several studies have shown the potential benefits of creating such barriers either by stimulating the indigenous microbial community (biostimulation) or injecting bacteria (bioaugmentation). For example, laboratory experiments show that groundwater microorganisms attached to a ceramic surface and generated a biofilm as thick as 1,100 μm. In a limestone fracture, this bacterial community clogged a single fracture up to 99.2 percent within 22 days. At the field scale, applications in porous aquifers led to a five‐fold decrease in K after 2.5 days of biostimulation, and a bioaugmentation with a starved, adapted bacterial culture decreased K by 99.4 percent. One promising development of the biobarrier concept is a field application at a fractured bedrock site. Using a multidisciplinary approach and focusing on a well‐characterized fracture system, a field trial was undertaken in Southern Ontario to measure the extent of bioclogging and the stability over time. This article focuses on the literature pertinent to the preparation of this field trial and presents the innovative approach selected to monitor the bioclogging in such a challenging environment. 相似文献
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Treatment of anti-osmotic drug based pharmaceutical effluent in an upflow anaerobic fluidized bed system 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
During the production of Cephradine (a main constituent of anti-osmotic drug) a large quantity of concentrated effluent was produced. The main polluting compounds in this effluent are osmotic drug, acetic acid and ammonia. The feasibility of using a fluidized bed reactor under anaerobic condition with bioaugmentation to treat anti-osmotic drug based pharmaceutical effluent was evaluated. The main objective of the study was to show that bioaugmentation could be used to promote biological treatment to applications where conventional operation might be difficult or unfavourable. The effluent with chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 14000-18000 mg/l was treated in a fluidized bed reactor with a hydraulic retention time of 3-12 h. The reactor was unable to maintain consistent removal in conventional mode of operation due to an inability to retain and grow biomass. The COD reduction (%) after inoculation from a sequencing batch reactor was related to influent concentration, mass of inoculum and hydraulic retention time characterized by calculating the initial food to microorganism ratio. The role of volatile fatty acid (VFA) as cosubstrate was assessed with respect to COD reduction (%). Continuous COD reduction (%) attained a maximum value of 88.5% using bioaugmentation through periodic addition of acclimated cells every 2 days with 30-73.2 g of cells from an off-line enricher reactor. 相似文献
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Optimization and validation of enhanced biological reduction of 1,2,3‐trichloropropane in groundwater 下载免费PDF全文
Melissa Schmitt Srinivasa Varadhan Sandra Dworatzek Jennifer Webb Eric Suchomel 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2017,28(1):17-25
Laboratory and field demonstration studies were conducted to assess the efficacy of enhanced biological reduction of 1,2,3‐trichloropropane (TCP) in groundwater. Laboratory studies evaluated the effects of pH and initial TCP concentrations on TCP reduction and the activity of a microbial inoculum containing Dehalogenimonas (Dhg). Laboratory results showed successful reduction at a pH of 5 to 9 with optimal reduction at 7 to 9 and at initial TCP concentrations ranging from 10 to over 10,000 micrograms per liter (μg/L). Based on findings from the laboratory study, the effects of TCP concentration, geochemical conditions, and amendment concentration on bioremediation efficacy were investigated during a field demonstration at a site with relatively low initial concentrations of TCP (< 2 μg/L). The field demonstration included injection of emulsified vegetable oil (EVO) and lactate as a carbon substrate for biostimulation, followed by bioaugmentation using the microbial inoculum containing Dhg. Post‐injection performance monitoring demonstrated reduction of TCP to below laboratory detection limits (< 0.005 μg/L) after an initial lag period of approximately six months following injections. TCP reduction was accompanied by generation of the degradation byproduct propene. A marginal increase in TCP concentrations, potentially due to an influx of upgradient aerobic groundwater containing TCP, was observed eight months after injections thereby demonstrating the sensitivity of this bioaugmentation application to changes in geochemical parameters. Despite this marginal increase, performance monitoring results indicate continued TCP biodegradation 15 months after implementation of the injection program. This demonstration suggests that enhanced biodegradation of TCP by combining biostimulation and bioaugmentation may be a promising solution to the challenges associated with remediation of TCP, even when present at low part per billion concentrations in groundwater. 相似文献
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Matthew Alexander 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2020,30(2):25-35
In situ bioremediation was selected in the Record of Decision (ROD) as the remedial technology for a 29‐acre dilute, acidic and aerobic, chlorinated solvent plume (principally trichloroethylene [TCE] and 1,1‐dichloroethylene) for a Superfund site located in central New Jersey. Implementation of the remedy at full‐scale began in late 2010, using reductive dechlorination and bioaugmentation, and treatment has continued steadily over the last 9 years. The amendments injected include electron donor and alkaline (bicarbonate) buffer solution and, once anaerobic aquifer conditions became established, a bioaugmentation culture. Amendment injections occurred in multilevel injection wells (IWs), to maintain control over the vertical interval of amendment delivery. The areal coverage of the plume has been reduced by 59% based on the 10 µg/L TCE isocontour and the contaminant mass has been reduced by 79% through the 9 years of treatment. Lessons learned from this project include the need for bioaugmentation in the acidic aquifer and an efficient and effective manner of well construction and amendment injection using multiscreen single casing IWs and packer systems. Additional lessons learned include differences in longevity of the electron donor amendment versus the bicarbonate neutralization additive, and the need for varied amendment delivery techniques (IWs, direct injection, horizontal well installation) in selected lower permeable zones to attain treatment. 相似文献
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In situ bioremediation of a hydrocarbon polluted site with cyclodextrin as a coadjuvant to increase bioavailability 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bioavailability is one main factor that influences the extent of biodegradation of hydrocarbons. They are very poorly soluble in water and easily adsorbed to clay or humus fractions, so they pass very slowly to the aqueous phase where they are metabolised by microorganisms. Cyclodextrins are natural compounds that form soluble inclusion complexes with hydrophobic molecules and increase degradation rate of hydrocarbons in vitro. In the perspective of an in situ application, we previously checked that -cyclodextrin does not increase eluviation of hydrocarbons through the soil and consequently does not increase the risk of groundwater pollution. The results of an in situ application of -cyclodextrin for bioremediation of a hydrocarbon polluted site are presented. We stated that the combination of bioaugmentation and enhanced bioavailability due to -cyclodextrin was effective for a full degradation. 相似文献
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Qinxue Wen Zhiqiang Chen Ye Zhao Huichao Zhang Yujie Feng 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(1):125-132
Efficient and reliable removal of polyacrylamide (PAM), which are present in oil extraction waste water, is critically important to prevent toxic discharges to receiving waters. In the present study, two PAM degrading bacterial strains, namely HWBI and HWBIII, were isolated from the activated sludge and soil in an oil field. Two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were bioaugmented with either HWBI or HWBIII and the performance of each bacteria for enhancing PAM removal was compared. The effects of bioaugmentation on the performance of the SBRs with different exogenous strains after a single inoculation were investigated under long term operation. Results showed that for the SBR augmented with HWBI, 70% of PAM was removed at the end of the first operation cycle, and the removal remained at approximately 70% in the following eight cycles after a single inoculation. For the SBR augmented with HWBIII, only 45% of the PAM was removed in the first cycle after the inoculation, and PAM removal decreased to 30% after eight cycles. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), a molecular screening technique, was applied to track the supplemented bacterial strains and to evaluate the effects of bioaugmentation on the microbial communities and to investigate the optimal bioaugmentation strategy. 相似文献
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Carmen A. Lebrón Timothy McHale Robroy Young Dale Williams Matthew G. Bogaart David W. Major Michaye L. McMaster Ian Tasker Naji Akladiss 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2007,17(2):5-17
An Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC) forum was recently held that focused on six case studies in which bioremediation of dense nonaqueous‐phase liquids (DNAPLs) was performed; the objective was to demonstrate that there is credible evidence for bioremediation as a viable environmental remediation technology. The first two case studies from the forum have been previously published; this third case study involves a pilot‐scale demonstration that investigated the effects of biological activity on enhancing dissolution of an emplaced tetrachloroethene (PCE) DNAPL source. It used a controlled‐release test cell with PCE as the primary DNAPL in a porous media groundwater system. Both laboratory tests and a field‐scale pilot test demonstrated that bioaugmentation can stimulate complete dechlorination to a nontoxic end product and that the mass flux from a source zone increases when biological dehalorespiration activity is enhanced through nutrient (electron donor) addition and bioaugmentation. All project goals were met. Important achievements include demonstrating the ability to degrade a PCE DNAPL source to ethene and obtaining significant information on the impacts to the microbial populations and corresponding isotope enrichments during biodegradation of a source area. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献