电化学水处理技术的研究和应用

介绍了电化学技术的分类，总结了电化学技术在处理有机废水、重金属离子废水和氨氮废水方面的研究及应用现状，并指出了该技术在目前的应用中所存在的一些问题，探讨了今后的发展方向。     

废水净化的新方法

一种采用磁性粉末净化废水的新方法，可使净化过程更为有效，并且可减少处理费用。 在己广泛应用的活性污泥中，微生物消耗掉废水中的有机污染物。随着细菌吃掉污染物，它们也聚集成絮凝的球，并沉淀到处理水池的底部。这一过程用于净化废水颇为有效，但有时污泥中纤细的细菌会形成簇团，阻碍污泥沉降，问题严重时会使处理设施停止运行而不能净化。     

我国应用树脂吸附法处理有机废水的进展

介绍了我国近十年来应用树脂吸附法处理有机废水的研究成果和应用实例，处理结果表明，吸附树脂具有吸附效果好，脱附再生容易，性能稳定，适用范围宽，实用性好等特点，该法可用于处理含酚，苯胺，有机酸，硝基物，农药，染料中间体等废水，是一种处理有机废水的有效方法。     

高浓度有机废水处理技术

系统介绍了国内外各种高浓度有机废水物化和生物处理技术的工艺、原理，对其适用条件、优缺点、功效和应用前景进行了分析与探讨，并结合我国高浓度有机废水排放现状，提出了治理技术的研究重点是厌氧生物法。     

介质阻挡放电等离子体技术处理难降解有机废水的研究进展

综述了介质阻挡放电(DBD)等离子体技术处理难降解有机废水的国内外研究现状以及最新研究成果.概括出DBD等离子体处理难降解有机废水的影响因素和一般性结论;从微观和宏观两个方面总结和分析了DBD等离子体处理难降解有机废水的作用机理;探讨了DBD等离子体技术处理难降解有机废水的技术瓶颈以及发展方向.     

磁技术处理含油废水的研究进展

在磁技术除油力学原理的基础上，分析了磁性材料和改性磁性材料的除油机理，介绍了磁技术在处理油田废水、机械加工废水、轧钢废水和餐饮废水等方面的应用，指明了磁技术处理含油废水的发展方向。     

有机固体废物生物法制氢的研究进展

综述了利用有机固体废物生物法制氢的原理和研究现状。城市有机固体废物、农业有机废物、工业有机废物是生物法制氢的主要原料。暗发酵制氢是利用有机废物厌氧消化的产酸阶段而产氢，pH、温度、水力停留时间、氢气分压、原料性质、微量元素含量、产甲烷微生物抑制剂等均影响氢气产率。光发酵制氢是利用光合厌氧细菌将挥发性有机酸转化为氢气和二氧化碳。暗发酵和光发酵制氢时，生物固定化有利于高速连续产氢。在有机废物处理和生物法制氢方面，暗发酵一光发酵、暗发酵一微生物燃料电池的组合工艺是具有前景的技术。今后的研究方向是原料的预处理技术、选育高效产氢菌株、发明高效反应器、优化处理工艺和处理条件等。     

有机磷农药废水处理技术

久效磷和亚磷酸三甲酯生产过程中产生的废水经碱解沉淀和超声气浮预处理,可降低其ＣＯＤ和毒性,提高其可生化性,再经以光合细菌为主的生化处理,可使其ＣＯＤ降至２００ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

碳纳米管辅助电子辐照处理有机废水的装置

该发明涉及一种碳纳米管辅助电子辐照处理有机废水的装置。该装置主要包括电子加速器、废水反应器和鼓风系统，其特征在于多个废水反应器内各设置有两个固定曝气头，曝气头通过管道与鼓风系统相连接；鼓风系统由一小型鼓风机、总管、分支管及阀门组成；在废水反应器上方设置有产生电子束辐照的电子束加速器；在废水反应器中加有起催化作用的碳纳米管；废水反应器中的有机废水在电子加速器产生的电子束辐照下同时受到来自鼓风系统和曝气头的均匀鼓风曝气。该装置结构简单，操作方便，具有高效、低耗处理高浓度难降解有毒有机废水的特点。     

一种优良的废水处理剂—腐植酸系吸附剂

本文介绍了腐植酸系物质的吸附性能和特点,以及国内外利用腐植酸系吸附剂来处理重金属离子废水、放射性废水、有机废水、净化废气及改良土壤方面的研究成果;提出了应充分利用丰富的腐植酸资源制取选择性高、吸附能力更强的吸附剂,并扩大其应用范围的看法。     

Using Chitosan as a Coagulant in Recovery of Organic Matters from the Mash and Lauter Wastewater of Brewery

Chitosan is a natural biopolymer which can be used to replace aluminum salts and chemical polymers as a coagulant to avoid the human health problems caused by the residual of aluminum and chemical polymers in water. Chitin is a major component in shrimp and crab shells, and chitosan can be produced from chitin via a deacetylated process. Since the biodegradation of chitin is very slow, large amount of discards from the processing of crustaceans has become a major concern in seafood industry. Therefore, more works are need to find the possible applications of chitin, chitosan and their derivatives. This research used chitosan as a coagulant to recover wheat dregs in the wastewater from washing the mash and the lauter unit in a brewery, and regards this study as an example to understand the influences of the characters of the wastewater on the treatment plant of brewery. The result shows that the␣wastewater from the mash and the lauter units can have the best treatment efficiency at the coagulant dosage of 120 mg/L in the original pH 4.5. Increasing the solution pH decreased the turbidity removal efficiency. The dominant mechanisms for chitosan to remove colloids in the␣wastewater are charge bridging and neutralization, and the later becomes less significant in␣the high pH. The coagulant of chitosan removed most of the colloidal form organic matter in the wastewater, but it has only little effect on the removal of dissolving organic matter. Chitosan is a natural material, after coagulation the sludge from the mash and lauter wastewater can serve directly as an animal husbandry fodder after been dehydrated. Therefore, the loading to wastewater treatment plant and the cost of treatment could be reduced.     

高效菌处理难降解有机工业废水研究进展

总结了高效菌在造纸、印染、化丁、农药、制药等工业有机废水处理中的研究现状;认为大力开展和加强高效菌的选育和应用工艺研究,是生物强化技术领域今后的发展方向。     

Fenton's in-situ reagent chemical oxidation of hydrocarbon contamination in soil and groundwater

Industry and regulatory demands for rapid and cost-effective clean up of hydrocarbon and other contamination in soil and groundwater has prompted development and improvement of in-situ remediation technologies. In-situ technologies offer many advantages over ex-situ treatment alternatives, including lower initial capital and long-term operation and maintenance costs, less site disruption, no Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) liability, and shorter treatment time necessary to achieve cleanup objectives. Fenton's reagent, a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and ferrous iron that generates a hydroxyl free radical as an oxidizing agent, is widely accepted for chemical oxidation of organic contaminants in the wastewater industry. In-situ implementation of Fenton's reagent for chemical oxidation of organic contaminants in soil and groundwater continues to grow in acceptance and application to a wide variety of environmental contaminants and hydrogeologic conditions (EPA, 1998).     

氧化沟工艺在处理有机废水中的应用

以河南省某制革企业综合有机废水处理工程为实例,根据排放废水的水质水量及处理要求进行工程分析,对含铬废水的处理提出工艺流程;对综合有机废水处理工艺各构筑物的功能和设计进行了详细阐述.     

Decolorization and estrogenic activity of colored livestock wastewater after electrolysis treatment

Livestock wastewater is treated by activated sludge treatment. Untreated livestock wastewater has high estrogen activity because animal excreta contains estrogen. When activated sludge treatment is applied, the estrogen activity declines or is lost. However, the color of treated livestock wastewater is deep brownish-red because of the decomposition of organic compounds or the synthesis of metabolites. Discharging colored wastewater to the environment could cause some problems, so it is necessary to decolorize colored wastewater before it is discharged. It has been suggested that electrolysis decolorization technology is suitable for treating colored wastewater; however, the process produces volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In fact, little research has been conducted with reference to estrogen activity in wastewater that has undergone electrolysis, especially on the contribution of the electrolysis decolorization process to estrogen activity, i.e., the possibility of resynthesis of some substance with estrogen activity due to resolved and metabolized colored components. In this study, the concentration of VOC was measured for various electrolysis conditions, and estrogen activity was examined using a yeast two-hybrid assay. From the results, decolorization of colored livestock wastewater by electrolysis was possible, and the VOC generation during electrolysis could be controlled depending on the electrolysis conditions. Estrogen activity in colored livestock wastewater disappeared on electrolysis decolorization.     

油脂工业废水的回用

以某油脂化工厂排放的达标废水为研究对象,提出了微絮凝-直接过滤、二级活性炭吸附、二氧化氯氧化消毒串连的深度处理工艺,并在小试基础上进行了油脂废水再生回用的工业化试验研究,处理规模为400m^3／d。处理后出水中COD、浊度、色度、阴离子表面活性剂（LAS）含量、细菌总数等均满足市政供水水质标准。回用水可作为碱化车间和油脂预处理车间的生产补充用水。     

制药废水有机污染物特性分析与处理

分析了某制药企业废水生物处理站进出水中有机污染物的相对分子质量分布和气相色谱—质谱图谱,提出了根据废水水质特性有针对性地确定制药废水处理工艺的新思路.实验结果表明:进出水中的有机污染物主要是相对分子质量小于1 000的物质,且主要来源于车间5排放的COD比重大、水量小的工段废水；采用旋转蒸馏预处理法处理车间5废水,可使...     

活性炭/H2O2催化氧化-絮凝法预处理化工有机废水

用活性炭作催化剂、H2O2作氧化剂催化氧化预处理高浓度化工有机废水，考察了各种因素对COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明，在H2O2加入量为0．8mL／L、活性炭与H2O2质量比为0．7、废水pH为4的条件下，反应120min后，调废水pH至8，加入絮凝剂聚合氯化铝进行絮凝沉淀，废水COD去除率达70％以上，色度去除率达80％以上。通过色谱-质谱仪对处理前后废水中的有机物进行分析，初步探讨了活性炭／H2O2催化氧化-絮凝法预处理化工有机废水的作用机理。