磁性多孔微球固定化硫酸盐还原菌的研究

以磁性多孔微球为载体，采用吸附法固载硫酸盐还原菌，用于磁性稳态流化床。通过扫描电镜等方法研究生物膜的组成，计算出反应器中磁性多孔微球的浓度、生物膜量和生物膜浓度等，并进行了磁性稳态流化床净化SO2废气初步实验。结果表明，MSFB反应器中的生物膜浓度为15．60g／L，生物膜厚度为105．60μm，MPM上固定的生物量高达109．80mg／g。磁性稳态流化床净化SO2废气，净化效率可达90％以上；并考察了pH和气液比对SO2吸收率的影响，这对进一步研究微生物法脱除烟气SO2具有重要意义。     

制浆造纸工业废水的污染与防治

2.二级处理经一级处理后的废水,再经二级处理,用生化法进一步去除废水中的溶解性有机物,改善处理水水质。二级处理方式包括活性污泥法、生物膜法、氧化塘等。生化法是处理易被微生物降解的有机废水,对能被微生物降解的毒性有机物也有一定的解毒能     

Ca~(2+)对生物膜形态结构及其组分的影响

通过向序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)中投加Ca2+,考察Ca2+对生物膜形态结构及其组分的影响,探究Ca2+在生物膜形成中的作用影响规律及其对生物膜反应器运行的影响,以期能为含钙废水处理及优化废水处理效果提供理论指导。研究结果表明,Ca2+浓度增加有助于生物膜形成,并提高生物膜结构致密性;连续少量增加Ca2+(1~2 mg/L)有助于挂膜初期(约10 d)有机物去除;然而Ca2+浓度过高则会抑制生物膜活性,影响其降解性:当Ca2+浓度超过120 mg/L时,氨氮去除率出现下降,当Ca2+浓度超过280 mg/L时,有机物和总氮去除率显著下降。对生物膜及其胞外多聚物(EPS)组分的分析表明,Ca2+不会刺激微生物分泌产生更多EPS,但会导致生物膜干重增加。     

网络版论文摘要

水体中非离子表面活性剂在自然光光照下的光降解,超声波降解二甲苯的研究,矿用大型风机扩散消声器的研制,生物膜法非稳态可控制技术在污水处理中的应用,废弃锂离子二次电池的再生技术进展……     

生物膜电极反应器降解苯胺的研究

生物膜电极反应器是结合生物膜法和电催化技术而发展的新型废水处理技术.研究了生物膜电极上的苯胺降解,对电流强度、温度、葡萄糖协同作用等因素的影响进行了观察.结果表明,生物膜电极反应器最高的电流强度为5 mA,运行的最适温度为36 ℃.葡萄糖对苯胺的生物膜电极降解的协同作用在进水COD为2 000 mg/L后达到最大.色谱/质谱联用检测苯胺降解中间产物为4-羟基-α-氨基戊酸.生物膜电极上的苯胺降解在阴极发生,降解开环途径与常规降解途径不同.     

生物流化床反应器生物膜特性研究进展

生物流化床技术应用于废水处理领域具有广阔的发展前景，生物流化床反应器对污染物的降解主要依赖于活性生物膜，研究生物膜的特性是提高反应器效率的重要手段。本文对描述生物膜特性的主要参数进行了综述，其中，生物膜种群构成的差异是影响反应器效率的最重要因素，本文重点探讨了生物膜中微生物的种群分布特征，种群的生态演替过程与反应器性能的关系，在此基础上，提出了对生物流化床生物膜特性进行强化的几种手段。     

元胞自动机模型模拟生物膜组分及结构的研究进展

元胞自动机(CA)模型规则简单,能够从微观角度模拟生物膜组分及结构特征,是一种预测生物膜微环境的实用方法。从生物膜基质分布,活性微生物量的空间分布,不同基质含量对应的活性微生物生长状况,惰性微生物的形成以及受基质、微生物和水力条件影响下的膜结构特征等方面列举了CA模型在生物膜中的研究进展,并指出了CA模型模拟生物膜存在的问题。     

生物膜微环境和传质现象研究进展

生物膜法污水处理工艺对污染物的降解去除主要依赖活性生物膜,研究生物膜的结构和传质特性是揭示反应机理和提高反应器处理效率的重要手段.综述了近年来国外在生物膜微环境和微观传质过程中的研究进展,包括对生物膜微观结构的解析、膜内不同菌系的分布特征及其功能以及生物膜的传质现象和数学模型.在此基础上,提出了生物膜研究领域今后应开展的研究方向.     

生物流化床中生物膜特性与反应器效率的关系

综述了生物流化床处理有机废水时生物膜的特性及其对反应器效率的影响。包括反应器中生物膜的形成及影响生物膜形成的因素;生物膜的活性及膜厚、基质浓度和不同种群微生物在生物膜中的分布对其活性的影响;生物膜的传质特性;生物膜厚度与反应器效率的关系;生物膜的脱膜及其数学模型;提出了生物流化床今后的研究重点     

膜生物反应器中生物膜的生长特性

实验采用经甲苯培养驯化而成的单一假单胞菌菌种,通过分析平板式生物膜反应器内,不同阶段假单胞细菌生物膜干重、厚度、活性生物量和生物种群分布的变化,研究生物膜特性与降解效率之间的关系。实验结果表明,在挂膜初期生物膜迅速生长,生物量以及生物膜干重增长很快,有利于甲苯及营养物质的传输,降解效率也快速提升。随着生物膜的生长,生物量及干重也逐步增加,厚度逐渐增加使传质阻力不断增大,生物膜上层微生物的有机底物供应不足,使生物膜上层结构稀疏,最终维持一个甲苯的总传输量与生化降解量的平衡,生物量的生长与衰亡也达到动态平衡,形成了一个较高且稳定的降解效率。     

光能自养生物膜形成机制及脱氮影响因素的研究进展

光能自养生物膜是一个由复杂微生物群落构成的相对稳定的微生态系统,微生物细胞及非生物物质镶嵌在微生物分泌的有机聚合物基质上,其显著特征是膜表面寄居着光能自养生长的微生物,并能在碳源缺乏条件下完成生物脱氮.总结了光能自养生物膜的形成机制,概述了光照、温度、微生物种类、营养物浓度对光能自养生物膜脱氮的影响,指出光能自养生物膜...     

Ambient Air Analyses Using Nonspecific Flame lonization and Electron Capture Detection Compared to Specific Detection by Mass Spectroscopy

Ambient air samples from various studies were analyzed for a specific set of trace-level volatile organic compounds by using a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) in parallel with an electron capture detector (ECD). The samples were then reanalyzed on a second GC system equipped with a mass selective detector (MSD). GC-FID/ECD data were compared to the nominally correct GC-MSD data to determine the accuracy of the nonspecific detectors, which often do not differentiate the targeted compound from Interfering compounds. Qualitative accuracy (capability for correctly identifying compounds on the basis of retention time only) and quantitative accuracy (capability for correctly measuring the concentration of an identified compound on the basis of peak area) were evaluated. Data are presented on a per-compound basis to provide the combined typical results from air samples collected in three geographic regions: Kanawha Valley, WV; Los Angeles, CA, area; and Houston, TX.     

Ion Composition Elucidation (ICE): an Investigative Tool for Characterization and Identification of Compounds of Regulatory Importance

Ion composition elucidation (ICE) often leads to identification of compounds and provides high-quality evidence for tracking compounds to their sources. Mass spectra for most organic compounds are not found in mass spectral libraries used to tentatively identify analytes. In addition, multiple matches are common. Ion Composition Elucidation provides the numbers of atoms of each element in the ions in the mass spectrum, greatly limiting the number of possible compounds that could produce the mass spectrum. Review of chemical and commercial literature then limits the number of possible compounds to one or a few that can be purchased to confirm tentative compound identifications by comparison of mass spectra and chromatographic retention times. Ion composition elucidation is conceptually simple relative to other analytical techniques and more easily explained to a judge or jury. It is based on sums of the exact masses of atoms and their isotopic abundances. Several applications of ICE are demonstrated for ultra-trace-level compounds in an extract of the effluent from a tertiary sewage treatment plant including: (1) measurement of five values to determine an ion’s composition and to generate evidence for the compound’s identity, (2) rejection of incorrect library matches, (3) rapid screening for a target compound in an extract, and (4) a strategy for tracking unidentified compounds to their sources.     

电子工业光致抗蚀剂乳化废水预处理试验研究

研究了光致抗蚀剂乳化废水用硫酸和含钙辅助破乳分离出有机物沉淀的预处理工艺。确定了最合适的预处理工艺参数和流程；用GC／MS法分析了废水的组成和浓度，并探讨了有机物的去除机理。试验结果表明，pH值控制在3，辅助剂A的浓度为300mg/L、静置时间为60min时，是最合适的工艺条件，废水的CODcr值从15600mg/L下降到3542mg/L，CODcr的去除率达77.4%，投加辅助剂后既提高了有机物的去除率，又改善了沉淀物的过滤性能，从而有利于降低后续工艺的处理成本。     

SBR法降解味精废水中有机质的试验研究

用 SBR法处理味精废水中有机质的实验结果表明 ,ML SS在 50 0 0～ 6 0 0 0 m g/L、有机负荷在 0 .3～ 0 .4 kg CO DCr·( kg MLSS· d) -1时有机质降解效果最好。二段 SBR法克服了葡萄糖效应 ,提高了有机质的降解效果。其中 SBR( )反应器中有机质降解呈零级反应动力学关系 ,在 SBR( )反应器中有机质降解呈一级反应动力学关系     

Ion Composition Elucidation (ICE): an Investigative Tool for Characterization and Identification of Compounds of Regulatory Importance

Ion composition elucidation (ICE) often leads to identification of compounds and provides high-quality evidence for tracking compounds to their sources. Mass spectra for most organic compounds are not found in mass spectral libraries used to tentatively identify analytes. In addition, multiple matches are common. Ion Composition Elucidation provides the numbers of atoms of each element in the ions in the mass spectrum, greatly limiting the number of possible compounds that could produce the mass spectrum. Review of chemical and commercial literature then limits the number of possible compounds to one or a few that can be purchased to confirm tentative compound identifications by comparison of mass spectra and chromatographic retention times. Ion composition elucidation is conceptually simple relative to other analytical techniques and more easily explained to a judge or jury. It is based on sums of the exact masses of atoms and their isotopic abundances. Several applications of ICE are demonstrated for ultra-trace-level compounds in an extract of the e.uent from a tertiary sewage treatment plant including: (1) measurement of five values to determine an ion's composition and to generate evidence for the compound's identity, (2) rejection of incorrect library matches, (3) rapid screening for a target compound in an extract, and (4) a strategy for tracking unidentified compounds to their sources.     

Artificial consortia of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HM618 and Bacillus subtilis for utilizing food waste to synthetize iturin A

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Food waste is a cheap and abundant organic resource that can be used as a substrate for the production of the broad-spectrum antifungal compound...     

Improved computational model (AQUIFAS) for activated sludge, integrated fixed-film activated sludge, and moving-bed biofilm reactor systems, part II: multilayer biofilm diffusional model

Research was undertaken to develop a diffusional model of the biofilm that can be applied in lieu of a semi-empirical model to upgrade an activated sludge system to an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) or moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system. The model has been developed to operate with up to 12 cells (reactors) in series, with biofilm media incorporated to one or more of the zone cells, except the anaerobic zone cells. The values of the kinetic parameters for the model were measured using pilot-scale activated sludge, IFAS, and MBBR systems. The biofilm is divided into 12 layers and has a stagnant liquid layer. Diffusion and substrate utilization are calculated for each layer. The equations are solved simultaneously using a finite difference technique. The biofilm flux model is then linked to the activated sludge model. Advanced features include the ability to compute the biofilm thickness and the effect of biofilm thickness on performance. The biofilm diffusional model is also used to provide information and create a table of biofilm yields at different substrate concentrations that can be used in the semi-empirical model.     

Improved computational model (AQUIFAS) for activated sludge, integrated fixed-film activated sludge, and moving-bed biofilm reactor systems, part III: analysis and verification

Research was undertaken to analyze and verify a model that can be applied to activated sludge, integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS), and moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) systems. The model embeds a biofilm model into a multicell activated sludge model. The advantage of such a model is that it eliminates the need to run separate computations for a plant being retrofitted from activated sludge to IFAS or MBBR. The biofilm flux rates for organics, nutrients, and biomass can be computed by two methods-a semi-empirical model of the biofilm that is relatively simpler, or a diffusional model of the biofilm that is computationally intensive. Biofilm support media can be incorporated to the anoxic and aerobic cells, but not the anaerobic cells. The model can be run for steady-state and dynamic simulations. The model was able to predict the changes in nitrification and denitrification at both pilot- and full-scale facilities. The semi-empirical and diffusional models of the biofilm were both used to evaluate the biofilm flux rates for media at different locations. The biofilm diffusional model was used to compute the biofilm thickness and growth, substrate concentrations, volatile suspended solids (VSS) concentration, and fraction of nitrifiers in each layer inside the biofilm. Following calibration, both models provided similar effluent results for reactor mixed liquor VSS and mixed liquor suspended solids and for the effluent organics, nitrogen forms, and phosphorus concentrations. While the semi-empirical model was quicker to run, the diffusional model provided additional information on biofilm thickness, quantity of growth in the biofilm, and substrate profiles inside the biofilm.