A methodology for evaluation and monitoring of recurring hazards in underground coal mining

This study provides a methodology for evaluation and monitoring of recurring hazards in underground coal mining. An important measure in this regard may be the ‘time between occurrences’ (TBO) of hazards that can be modeled in the similar fashion of ‘time between failures’ (TBF) data modeling which is practiced in reliability study. Typically, time between accidents is modeled in safety study. This study is therefore new in two counts: (i) statistically modeling hazard occurrences based on inspection reports and (ii) monitoring of safety status based on control charting of hazard occurrences. The methodology includes Weibull-distribution based hazard rate functions, Poisson-distribution based cumulative risk functions, and Weibull-distribution based control charts. The new methodology is applied to an underground coal mining worksystem and the results are discussed. The case study results show that hazards related to machinery, ground-fall, housekeeping, roadways, and materials are more frequently occurring. It is recommended that in addition to planned inspections for identification of hazards, a control chart based hazard mitigation scheme should be employed at the mine sections for better monitoring and control of hazards.     

民机客舱安全疏散能力模糊综合评价

随着民航业高速发展,民航客机飞行事故和严重事故征候时有发生,并且很难完全避免,因此做好民机客舱安全疏散对减少人员伤亡损失有着重要意义。通过对影响民机客舱安全疏散的各种指标进行定性分析,建立民机客舱安全疏散能力评估指标集,应用层次分析法得到各指标的权重,建立多级模糊综合评价模型及安全评价等级模型。最后将此方法应用到实际案例中,得到某航空公司的客舱安全疏散能力评价结果,通过进一步分析并对该航空公司安全管理提出指导性建议。     

基于改进层次分析法的城中村火灾风险评估及防控对策研究

为更好的预防与控制城中村火灾风险,本文将事故树、层次分析法、模糊综合评价相结合,通过FTA建立AHP模型,从防火能力、灭火能力、安全疏散能力、安全管理水平4个维度出发构建了城中村火灾风险评估指标体系,并计算了各评价指标权重,通过实例研究证明,该方法能够较好的分析评价城中村火灾风险安全等级,最后提出相对应的对策与建议,有利于城中村火灾风险的预防与控制,为提高城中村火灾消防安全管理水平奠定了理论基础。     

高校突发公共事件应急管理能力评价研究

针对目前我国高校应对突发公共事件能力不高的问题,应用霍尔三维结构,对时间维、逻辑维和知识维三个维度综合分析,利用指标体系构建的各种方法和工具建立了从应急管理全过程出发、遵循指标体系构建过程的能全面反映高校应急管理能力水平的评价指标体系;应用G1法对应急管理能力的各评价指标进行赋权,确定各指标的权重;利用专家打分法并结合实例对天津市某高校的应急管理能力进行评价并根据评价结果有针对性地提出完善措施和建议。     

The role of behavioral factors on safety management in underground mines

Traditional approaches on the prevention of accidents/injuries in mines reached its limit of effectiveness in improving safety performance and a fresh approach is utmost required. Behavioral safety analysis has been identified as an effective alternative in many industries. This paper is therefore sought to examine the role of behavioral factors on the occurrence of mine accidents and injuries through a case study. Data were collected from two neighboring underground coalmines operating under a large public sector organization of India. High–low plots and t-test were done to explore the differences between behavioral characteristics of accident involved (case) and non-involved (control) workers. How these differences could cause accidents/injuries in mines was estimated through structural equation modeling. The case study results show that accident group of workers (cases) are more job dissatisfied, negatively affected, and highly risk taking compared to the non-accident group of workers (controls). The accident model path analysis shows that negative affectivity, job dissatisfaction, and risk taking behaviors predict an increased number of injuries in mines. Apart from direct influences to work injuries, negative affectivity and job dissatisfaction make workers to take more risks and behave unsafely. These findings contribute to the design of safety programs including safety training, which should be behaviorally motivated. Mine safety management of the case study mines should outskirt their age old belief that accidents/injuries are due to hazardous nature of mining and only engineering control and regulatory monitoring are sufficient for improving safety of the mines. The multivariate analysis also shows that experience bears no relationships with work injury indicating that a less experienced worker is equally likely to be injured as an experienced worker. It implies that experience though helps workers in understanding the physical hazards, however, avoiding the imminent danger is much more behavioral. The variables negative affectivity, job dissatisfaction, and risk taking behaviors are therefore crucial in avoiding accident/injuries in mines.     

基于G1法城市燃气事故应急能力评价研究

燃气事故应急能力水平的高低是控制燃气事故发展、减少社会损失，保障城市安全的关键。因此，对城市应对燃气事故的应急能力进行综合评价十分重要。笔者首先对城市燃气事故应急能力评价指标体系进行研究，结合天津市实际情况，将影响燃气事故应急能力因素分为两级，建立燃气事故应急能力指标评价体系。然后首次将G1法应用于燃气管事故应急能力的评价上，对所建立的应急能力指标评价体系进行评价，结果显示：所建立燃气事故应急能力指标评价体系涵盖范围广，能够充分反映当前天津市燃气事故应急能力相关评价指标，运用Gl法所评价的结果经验证，客观的反映了当前的燃气事故应急水平。     

汽车电动助力转向装置的安全性探讨

电动助力转向装置是汽车上一种新的助力转向系统装置 ,近年来在国内外发展迅速 ,由于它采用了可编程电子控制装置 ,在带来灵活性的同时也存在着安全隐患。在分析这种产品特殊性的基础上 ,笔者结合电子控制装置的特点 ,指出了事关安全性的因素 ,提出了处理安全性的措施 ,并讨论了几个事关安全性的具体问题。研究结果表明 :现有标准不能够满足电动助力转向装置安全性的需要 ;并提出了对电动助力转向装置进行安全性测评的思想。研究工作对电动助力转向装置的开发以及评价具有参考意义。     

危险货物道路运输系统的风险评价

分析了危险货物道路运输系统的风险影响因素,在此基础上建立了风险评价指标体系,并采用专家咨询法确定了各指标的权重,提出了使用模糊数学综合评价法对危险货物道路运输系统进行风险评价,并通过实例对评价模型进行了验证.结果表明,利用模糊综合评价的方法对危险货物道路运输系统的风险进行研究,可以为危险货物道路运输企业和交通安全监管部门对危险货物道路运输采取有效的安全控制措施,提供有益的参考.     

安全苛求系统的交叉验收框架

交叉验收是一个涉及技术和法律的工作,其目的是在新项目中能够尽快地应用类似的产品、系统和方法(PSP)。交叉验收的PSP首先要求在原始的应用中能够满足可靠性、安全性和环境要求。PSP目标和原始的应用应具有很好的相似性,因此,不需要很大的改动,在技术上和经济上可行性会很强。当然,交叉验收从根本上来说和PSP的安全性和适用性有关。目前交叉验收缺乏系统的指导和专门的标准,笔者阐述的一个基于风险分析的结构化PSP交叉验收框架包括7个主要原则。该框架基于笔者多年在安全苛求系统和铁路领域开发应用控制风险和安全确信系统框架的经验,采用通行的原则,对于目前还未建立交叉验收系统框架的安全苛求系统尤其适用。     

城市公共安全风险评估与控制对策研究:以武汉市为例

为明确城市公共安全关键影响因素,解决以往研究中存在的研究区域小、影响因素单一、评估方法主观性强、对策措施缺乏针对性等问题,基于风险评估基础理论和因子分析法,构建城市公共安全风险评估指标体系和风险评估模型,并以武汉市为例进行公共安全风险评估,提出相应的风险控制对策。结果表明:构建的“灾害严重性-风险应对能力”风险评估指标体系对因子分析法具有较好的适用性,风险评估模型能够有效判别城市公共安全的关键影响因素;影响武汉市公共安全的4大关键影响因子为城市发展水平和基础设施、事故灾害、环境影响和地质灾害及其防治;2010—2017年间武汉市公共安全水平总体呈上升趋势,风险应对能力的提升对武汉市公共安全水平提升贡献较大。     

Risk assessment: an approach to control hazards in mines

Accidents and injuries related to work are major occupational health problems in most of the industrialized countries.Traditional approaches to manage workplace safety in mines have mainly focused on job redesign and technical aspects of engineering systems.It is being realized that compliance to rules and regulations of mines is a prerequisite;however,it is not sufficient to achieve further reduction in accident and injury rates in mines.Proactive approaches are necessary to further improve the safety standards in mines.Unsafe conditions and practices in mines lead to a number of accidents,which in turn may cause loss and injury to human lives,damages to property,and loss of production.Hazard identification and risk assessment is an important task for the mining industry which needs to consider all the risk factors at workplaces.Applications of risk management approaches in mines are necessary to identify and quantify potential hazards and to suggest effective solutions.In this paper,the following risk estimation techniques were discussed:(i)DGMS(Directorate General of Mines Safety,India)risk rating criterion,and(ii)a matrix based approach.The proposed tools were demonstrated through an application in an opencast coal mine in India.It was inferred that the risk assessment approach can be used as an effective tool to indentify and control hazards in mines.     

建设项目安全管理的智能化技术研究

明确建设项目安全管理的意义;简述建设项目安全管理技术的国内外研究现状;指出当前的建设项目安全管理研究存在的主要不足;提出笔者研究的思路和研究的主要内容;收集详细的施工现场资料,参考相关历史文献资料,提取可能引起安全事故的原始不确定风险因素,建立安全管理风险评价指标体系;并利用人工神经网络(ANN)强大的非线性函数逼近能力,将BP神经网络引入建设项目风险控制,构建基于BP神经网络的建设项目安全控制系统,从而实现建设项目安全管理的智能化。通过工程实例验证:该方法具有可行性和有效性,为实现建设项目安全管理目标及工期、成本、质量目标打下坚实的基础。     

橙色GDP及其演变规律

在分析我国工伤事故发生和演变规律及其与经济增长率(以GDP为指标)之间关系的基础上,提出了橙色(安全预警色)GDP的概念和内容,并进行初步论证.认为橙色GDP应成为评价经济社会发展质量的标志之一,也可以作为经济增长与社会进步统筹失调的预警信号.     

车用儿童约束装置综述

交通事故是14岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因之一,儿童约束装置(ChildRestraintSystem,CRS)能有效减少交通事故中儿童的伤亡。笔者对车用CRS进行较全面的概述,介绍CRS的定义、工作原理、分类、影响其安全性能的关键部件、国外相关强制性法规、固定装置、试验描述、国外CAE在CRS研发过程中的应用现状等主要内容,并简要指出未来几年欧洲的CRS研究重点。在此基础上,展望我国CRS的研究重点及发展方向,并对我国的儿童交通安全、CRS技术及其应用,提出下列建议:加强宣传力度,强化人们对儿童乘员的保护意识;制定强制性法规,保证CRS的使用率;在技术方面,重点加强CRS的CAE分析和动态试验研究,开发出适合我国儿童使用的CRS。     

基于免疫机理的氯化工艺事故风险模糊评价

为预防氯化工艺安全生产事故,基于生物免疫机理,先应用仿生学方法分析了氯化安全生产事故预警体系与生物免疫系统的相似性,结合氯化生产工艺的实际情况,构建了基于抗原-抗体模式的安全生产预警体系的层次模型,并确定了各评价指标的权重。结果表明,影响较大的抗原A指标有A12(个体的防护水平)、A24(氯的毒性)、A34(暴露于危险环境);影响较大的抗体B指标有B12(应急机制的完善)、B26(反应物料比例的控制和连锁)、B29(冷却系统中冷却介质的温度)、B30(冷却系统中冷却介质的压力)。基于所构建的氯化工艺安全生产预警指标体系,结合某厂氯苯生产工艺及操作控制指标,进一步运用模糊综合评价方法,对该工艺的事故风险进行了模糊评价。结果表明,以抗原-抗体模式建立的事故风险模糊综合评价方法可操作性强、效果较好,可以提高事故的预防和控制能力,可在工艺过程的安全综合评价中广泛应用。     

防止铁路机车车辆伤害预警装置研究——企业危险源监控技术初探

针对铁路运输机车车辆伤害是惯性伤害之首的情况，提出研制防止机车车辆伤害的安全预警装置，以遏制伤害事故，并对其开发和应用进行初步分析。开展安全预警装置研究，推广运用危险源监控技术，对于防止机车车辆伤害、保障职工人身安全和国家财产安全具有重大意义     

Modeling using dynamic variables – An approach for the design of loss prevention programs

Records from The National Safety Council [National Safety Council, 2007. Safety Intervention Evaluation: A Systematic Approach. <http://www.acgih.org/events/ControlBand/Thomas_SafetyIntervention.pdf> (accessed 10.01.07)] have shown that in 2004 alone, on-the-job injuries to workers constituted 35% of total recorded injuries in the United States. This generated an associated cost of about $142.2 billion. Unfortunately, the safety intervention programs enforced at work places to mitigate such losses are driven mainly by intuition and experience of involved safety personnel. This paper details implementing a computer program to furnish safety personnel with an empirical basis for designing loss prevention programs based on historical safety data. The computer tool is driven by a dynamic mathematical model which adapts itself to variations in data patterns and explains the correlation between historical incident rates and corresponding resources committed to interventions. This study empowers the industry with a tool that is capable of forming the core of optimizing valuable human resource allocation in safety program designs.     

Head injuries in airbag-equipped motor vehicles with special emphasis on AIS 1 and 2 facial and loss of consciousness injuries

OBJECTIVES: Safety of the airbag supplemental restraint system (airbag) is a well-known concern. Although many lives are saved each year through airbag use, injuries continue to occur, especially to the head. Airbag safety research has focused primarily on severe injuries, while minor and moderate injuries have been largely ignored. METHODS: In this study, 205,977 injury cases from the 1995 to 2001 National Automotive Sampling System (NASS)/ Crashworthiness Data System (CDS) were surveyed to determine the prevalence of AIS 1 and 2 facial and brain loss of consciousness (LOC) injuries and determine if these injuries are a concern. The query was focused on frontal impacts in vehicles equipped with airbags. Only occupants wearing appropriate seatbelts were included in this study so that the airbag would provide occupant protection under optimal conditions. Of the 205,977 injury cases studied, 2.4% met this criterion. RESULTS: From the data gathered, the trends seem to indicate an increase in these specific injuries, both in terms of the total number and the proportion to all injury cases. In 1995, AIS 1 and 2 head injuries accounted for 96.5% of all head injuries caused by airbags. By 2001, the percentage had risen 3.0% to 99.5%. Injuries occurring in vehicles equipped with first-generation versus second generation airbags were compared, and data seem to suggest that there is a higher rate of minor and moderate head injuries when occupants are in second-generation airbag-equipped vehicles, even when appropriate lap and shoulder belts are used. CONCLUSIONS: The short timeframe surveyed prevents drawing meaningful conclusions about statistical significance, but the graphical representations of the data in this study underscore an urgent need for further investigation based on current trends in order to understand the issue of minor and moderate head injury prevention in regard to airbags.     

基于多级模糊综合评价法的煤矿企业应急能力评价研究

煤矿企业应急能力的建设是煤矿企业安全管理的关键内容,为了提高煤矿企业应急能力水平,选取并设计了煤矿企业应急能力的评价指标体系,基于多级模糊综合评价法提出了煤矿企业应急能力的评价方法。采用层次分析法确定煤炭企业应急能力评价指标的权重,利用模糊数学方法对煤矿企业应急能力进行多级模糊综合评价。应用构建的煤矿企业应急能力评价指标体系对淮南市某煤矿企业进行综合评价,确定该企业的应急能力等级。研究结果对提升煤矿企业应急能力具有一定的参考价值。     

灰色层次分析法在航空工业企业事故中的分析运用

航空工业常使用高精度、高价值的关键仪器、设备、设施,各种型号飞机试验、试飞频繁。机械伤害、高处坠落、冲压设备伤手等事故时有发生。分析航空企业事故致因主要为事故预防措施不到位,生产工艺设备安全性不高,职业病预防及管理不到位。利用数学建模的思路,引入灰色层次分析法(GAHP),以航空某企业为例,将评估对象安全状况分为指标层、准层次、目标层,逐级计算灰数,确定所属灰类,得出航空某企业的安全综合评估结果。评估结果显示,GAHP法能够客观反映航空企业安全状况,值得在航空企业安全生产事故风险评估中推广使用。