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多氯二苯并-P-二恶英(PCOPS)和多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFS)总称为二恶英类物质,它是在焚烧城市垃圾和在生产某些有机氯化物过程中的生成物。它的排放严重地污染大气、土壤、水体和食品等。目前,日本广泛采用活性炭吸附法去除二恶英类物质,即把含二恶英类物质的排放气通过填充了粒状活性炭的吸附塔。该法不仅具有去除二恶英类物质的作用,而且还能去除其他有害物质。采用该法处理排放气中的二恶英类物质,处理温度低虽吸附去除效果好,但怕发生低温腐蚀,因此,一般控制其处理温度为130~180℃。吸附塔处理排放气的空速… 相似文献
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采用便携式PM2.5采样器和玻璃纤维滤膜对大气粉尘进行采样,以加压液体萃取、超声波辅助提取和微波辅助提取3种方法对多环芳烃类化合物进行提取,以超高效液相色谱和质谱联用方法进行测定。共检测出16种多环芳烃类化合物,分别为:萘、苊、苊烯、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]蒽、■、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽、茚并[1,2,3-c,d]芘和苯并[g,h,i]苝。3种提取方法均可有效提取大气粉尘中的多环芳烃类化合物,加压液体萃取法的提取效率最高、超声波辅助提取法次之、微波辅助提取法最低。超高效液相色谱和质谱连用方法可有效地分析大气粉尘中的多环芳烃类化合物,线性方程的相关系数不低于0.998 3,测定值的相对标准偏差不超过0.80%,检出限不高于0.27 ng/g。 相似文献
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《再生资源与循环经济》2017,(7)
正近日,江苏省质量技术监督局相关专家对再生资源联盟成员单位、江苏理工学院二恶英分析测试中心进行了检验检测机构资质认定现场评审。评审专家按照《检验检测机构资质认定评审准则》,对二恶英分析测试中心的人员、设备、物料、方法及规范、环境等五要素进行了详细审核评估。江苏省质量技术监督局正式颁发了检验检测机构资质认定证书(CMA)。 相似文献
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华德伟崔小梅赵远昭闻昌成布多 《再生资源与循环经济》2022,(10):28-33
甲醛作为室内空气环境中的主要污染物之一,越发受到人们的关注。由于甲醛可以引起多种人体疾病,因此对于研究其检测和治理方法有着重大意义。主要围绕室内空气中甲醛的检测和治理方法作了简要探讨,简要介绍了气相色谱法、液相色谱法、电化学传感器检测技术以及分光光度法在甲醛检测中的应用,并阐述了各自的优缺点,以及对预防和治理室内甲醛污染提出了相关建议,包括各类吸附剂、催化氧化技术及生物防治措施等,为后续研究提供参考。 相似文献
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建立了固相微萃取种类与气相色谱联用测定地下水中12种硝基苯类化合物的分析方法,对萃取头种类、萃取时间、萃取温度、进样口衬管种类等分析条件进行了优化。实验结果表明,该方法的检出限为0.001~0.050 μg/L,线性范围0.005~500 μg/L(相关系数大于0.997),加标回收率为72.1%~122.0%,相对标准偏差为3.65%~12.60%。应用该方法对地下水及地表水样品进行分析,结果表明该方法具有环保、灵敏、快速、简便等特点,适用于水中痕量硝基苯、硝基甲苯类化合物和硝基氯苯类化合物的测定。 相似文献
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二恶英类不仅污染大气、水质、土壤、河流、湖泊和食品等 ,而且污染的食品还会通过母体及母乳影响下一代。二恶英类通过胎盘和母乳转移给胎儿和婴儿 ,使其内分泌混乱 ,对发育成长十分不利。二恶英类还具有致癌性、生殖毒性、免疫毒性和致畸形性等危害。此外 ,二恶英类不易分解 ,长期残留在环境中通过生物富集扩大污染范围 ,已成为全球性的一大公害。为此 ,日本环境厅中央环境审议会对大气、水质和土壤中的二恶英类分别制订环境标准如下 :大气中二恶英类质量浓度≤ 0 .6pg/m3(注 ,pg即 1 0 - 1 2g) ;水体中二恶英类质量浓度≤ 1 pg/L;土壤中… 相似文献
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高级氧化技术( AOP)是一种新兴的氧化处理技术,而羟基自由基(·OH)是高级氧化技术中一种重要的中间体,具有很强的氧化能力,是一种高效环保的氧化剂,近年将其用于烟气中有害气体氧化脱除的技术方法多有研究。列举了羟基自由基的检测方法,包括:电子自旋捕集法( ESR)、高效液相色谱法( HPLC)、分光光度法、荧光光度法( FD)等方法,这些方法对科研工作者检测羟基自由基提供了一定的技术支持,并对今后的研究方向起到一定的指导作用。 相似文献
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Deficiencies in design and execution render stormwater‐runoff monitoring programs for many hazardous chemical sites inadequate for assessing the potential environmental quality and public health impacts of chemicals in the runoff. Two pervasive problems are the use of analytical methods that are inadequate for measuring certain hazardous chemicals at potentially hazardous concentrations, and the application of “criteria/standards” that are inappropriate for evaluating the environmental/public health impacts of chemicals. These concerns are most notable for carcinogens and chemicals that bioaccumulate in edible aquatic organisms, including arsenic, chromium, beryllium, mercury, dioxins, organochlorine pesticides (such as DDT), and polychlorinated biphenyls; unrecognized pollutants; and nanomaterials. In order to appropriately evaluate whether the runoff/discharge from a hazardous chemical site is a threat to human health, the analytical methods must be sufficiently sensitive in critical concentration ranges; sampling regimens need to be sufficiently rigorous to provide reliable characterization of the content of the runoff, receiving water, and, for bioaccumulatable chemicals, levels in edible organisms in receiving water. Proper sampling and analysis will then provide data to enable the appropriate criteria/standards to be applied. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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建立了烧结烟气中SO3的检测技术,包括SO3的采集装置和测定方法。实验结果表明:质量分数为80%的异丙醇适宜作为吸收液,方法的回收率为95.79%~102.80%,相对标准偏差为0.46%~1.38%。该技术能有效消除烟气中粉尘及SO2对测定的干扰,具有准确、可靠、方便等特点,可应用于烧结烟气脱硫等装置日常运行中SO3含量的测定。 相似文献
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Paul Chrostowski 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》1994,4(4):383-398
The determination of cleanup levels at a CERCLA or RCRA site is often the single most important decision made by risk managers. This decision can have a major impact on the costs and time required for remediation, as well as on the selection of remedial technologies. The object of this article is to provide a critical review of the methods used by regulatory agencies and the regulated community to calculate chemical-specific cleanup goals for inactive hazardous waste sites, focusing on those cleanup goals that are designed to protect human health from the effects of chemicals. In addition to this analysis of historical methods that have been used, this article discusses some innovative solutions to the problem of calculating cleanup levels and presents an analysis of controversial topics related to cleanup levels currently under debate by regulatory agencies, industry, environmentalists, and legislative bodies. 相似文献
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Christine A. Davey 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》1998,8(2):55-74
A promising new technology for the detection of dense nonaqueous phase liquids, or DNAPLs, is cosolvent injection/extraction. Cosolvents, such as alcohols, are injected into the subsurface and interact with DNAPLs to increase their aqueous solubility, which increases recovery of the chemicals. A laboratory assessment was performed to determine if incorporating this technology with cone penetrometers could provide a useful sampling tool for DNAPL detection. A cone penetrometer was modeled in the laboratory by injecting and extracting small quantities of ethanol and propylene glycol at low concentrations into a homogeneous sand reactor contaminated with a residual saturation of tetrachloroethene (PCE). Experimental test results show that this technology is extremely sensitive to the vertical placement of the sampler, but is capable of enhancing PCE solubility while recovering most of the alcohol injected. Field testing of this technology will provide the next step in determining the feasibility of this technology for DNAPL detection. 相似文献