PAC对SBR系统中传质-反应过程的影响研究

聚合氯化铝(PAC)作为絮凝剂被广泛应用于各污水处理厂,其残余可对后续生物反应系统产生一定影响。以序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)反应系统为研究对象,考察了残余PAC对该系统中体积溶氧传递系数(k_La)与胞外聚合物(EPS)中蛋白质含量的影响,并对k_La与EPS的蛋白质含量两者的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:残余PAC不利于SBR系统内活性污泥的溶解氧传质,破坏活性污泥微生物正常的EPS分泌系统使其蛋白质含量降低,进而导致活性污泥微生物中毒失活,阻碍系统内的传质-反应过程。反应系统中k_La与EPS的蛋白质含量表现为显著正相关性,相关系数r=0.9462,说明EPS中蛋白质对溶解氧传质有着重要的影响作用,EPS中蛋白质含量升高可促进溶解氧传质,提高活性污泥活性。     

好氧颗粒污泥中胞外聚合物的提取、组成及空间分布研究进展

好氧颗粒污泥具有比传统活性污泥更加优越的性能，然而好氧颗粒污泥的稳定性限制了该技术的工业应用和推广。积累在颗粒表面的胞外聚合物（EPS）和好氧颗粒污泥系统长期运行的稳定性能有关。本文回顾了好氧颗粒污泥中EPS的成分、提取方法、在颗粒中的空间分布及EPS在颗粒化进程和稳定状态的作用，探讨了好氧颗粒污泥中EPS研究现状和不足，对亟待研究的内容提出了建议，以便为国内好氧颗粒污泥深入研究和工业应用提供参考。     

北京建筑节能7月起实施新标准

北京市规划委透露,北京居住建筑节能新标准已经获得批准,并将于7月1日起开始实施。新标准有两个特点:一是从原有的节能50%变为节能65%,进一步降低能耗的措施完全由围护结构来承担;二是根据北京的气候特点,新标准制定的原则是以冬暖为主,兼顾夏季空调制冷的节能。今后的外窗玻璃有可能采用由普通单层玻璃、双层玻璃发展到中空、充气、低辐射玻璃。而对墙体的要求是,外墙的保温由过去的内保温发展到现在的外保温为主导技术。据介绍,实行新标准不会大幅度提高建筑造价。北京建筑节能7月起实施新标准@本刊编辑部     

新型太阳能住宅的研究

提出了一种用太阳能加热、地下冷却和空气循环相结合的新型住宅(简称为SEA住宅)。该住宅不仅可使室内温度常年维持在比较舒适的水平,而且减少了南北侧房间的温度差异。     

新型太阳能住宅的研究

提出了一种用太阳能加热、地下冷却和空气循环相结合的新型住宅(简称为SEA住宅).该住宅不仅可使室内温度常年维持在比较舒适的水平,而且减少了南北侧房间的温度差异.     

制冷设备对人体舒适温度影响的研究

舒适的环境温度对人的工作学习有重要影响,本文将选取校园内研究生实验室作为研究环境,通过空调控制室内温度及湿度,以男女学生为研究对象通过问卷调查法研究人体热感觉舒适温度及对应湿度,由研究数据分析结果得出夏季炎热室内人体舒适温度为24℃,对应的人体舒适相对湿度为50%,舒适温度刚好处于人体常温37℃的黄金分割处。室内温度、湿度与人体舒适满意度关系可近似为二阶函数曲线。分析数据及结果对研究实验室、办公室等工作场所在炎热夏季的温度和湿度设置有理论指导意义;通过对比不同人群的人体舒适温度和湿度对研究身体健康状况有理论参考价值。     

新型太阳能住宅的研究

提出了一种用太阳能加热，地下冷却和空气循环相结合的新型住宅（简称为SEA住宅）。该住宅不公可使室内温度常年维持在比较适合的水平，而且减少了南北侧房间的温度差异。     

污水处理系统中悬浮物形成机理与处理方法

文章以风城油田稀油污水处理为例,分析污水处理系统中悬浮物的形成机理,并对污水含油、悬浮物、固体含量、粒径中值、聚合物含量、细菌、温度、硫化物、二价铁、pH值等水质指标进行分析,找出影响污水处理的主要因素,并对油水悬浮物处理方法进行室内分析及现场物理、化学方法实践,解决污水处理系统中悬浮物问题。     

传统活性污泥法与膜生物反应器污泥沉降性能的比较

针对污泥沉降性能,在运行条件相同的情况下对膜生物反应器(MBR)与传统活性污泥法(CAS)进行比较。结果表明：CAS工艺污泥沉降性能优于MBR工艺;CAS工艺出水水质受污泥沉降性能影响大;MBR工艺污泥沉降性能主要由反应器中累积的高浓度胞外聚合物(EPS)含量所影响,当EPS浓度大于100mg／g时,污泥沉降性能开始恶化;CAS工艺曝气池中EPS浓度没有累积;MBR工艺污泥颗粒平均粒径小于CAS工艺中污泥颗粒。     

催化铁内电解法预处理对后续生物过程的影响

本文研究了催化铁内电解预处理对后续生物反应器中活性污泥以及微生物的影响。经催化铁内电解处理后的污水带有大量的Fe^2＋和Fe^3＋进入生物处理阶段，EPS中蛋白质与多糖的比值提高，活性污泥的沉降性能也得以改善，沉降速度比对照组提高4．2倍；Fe^3＋使微生物物种多样性增加，与EPS的结合形式，改善了菌体之间的连接，增强了污泥对污染物的吸附和絮凝，EPS中吸咐污染物比对照组多约12．5mgTOC／gVSS。     

Influence of vertical greening design of building opening on indoor cooling and ventilation

This study focused on greening designs for building openings. Field experimentation was conducted and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software was used for simulation in order to analyze the influence of different greening design modes on indoor temperature. A greening design mode suitable for the opening of houses in Kaohsiung was proposed. This study took an architectural space with a pitched roof as the experimental site, where the main variable was the location of the plant facade outside the opening, and the distance between the plant and wall surface, as well as the number of plant layers, was the control variable. A plant (Rose of China) was selected for experimentation, and the indoor temperature distributions under various research module settings were discussed by numerical simulation. The conclusions are described, as follows: (1) The air temperature would be affected by the plants, and the indoor air temperature is reduced (over 0.5°C without direct sunshine in this study). (The difference between the indoor cooling effects with and without plants was 0.89~1.11°C. (2) While the cooling effect of the double-layer plant on indoor air temperature was better than a single-layer plant, the difference was limited and not proportional. (3) The plants should be located as close to the opening as possible, and be arranged partially sparse and partially dense. (4) When the outside wind speed is low, plant greening is highly recommended for cooling.     

A Heat Dynamic Model for Intelligent Heating of Buildings

This article presents a heat dynamic model for prediction of the indoor temperature in an office building. The model has been used in several flexible load applications, where the indoor temperature is allowed to vary around a given reference to provide power system services by shifting the heating of the building in time. This way the thermal mass of the building can be used to absorb energy from renewable energy source when available and postpone heating in periods with lack of renewable energy generation. The model is used in a model predictive controller to ensure the residential comfort over a given prediction horizon.     

3×300t转炉二次除尘系统扩容改造

针对宝钢一炼钢3×300t转炉二次烟气严重污染室内外环境的实际情况,在兼顾节能与减排的协同原则下,确定了对原转炉二次除尘系统的扩容改造方案。竣工投运后,取得了良好的环保、节能效果。     

多维度高质量城镇化对能源消费碳排放的传导机制研究

碳排放研究一直是国际气候变化领域研究的热点,高质量的城镇化有利于碳排放减少及全球气候变化减缓。本文从人口、土地、经济三个维度构建高质量城镇化评价指标体系,对2005—2019年中国30个省域的高质量城镇化水平进行评价,在理论机制分析的基础上利用中介效应模型验证了三个维度高质量城镇化对能源消费碳排放的中介效应。结果表明：不同维度的高质量城镇化水平对碳排放的影响不同,当前的人口高质量城镇化具有显著碳减排效果,经济高质量城镇化也具有一定碳减排作用,但现阶段土地高质量城镇化增加了碳排放;不同维度的高质量城镇化与能源消费碳排放之间存在不同的作用机制。具体而言,劳动力结构转型在人口高质量城镇化与碳排放间不存在中介效应,土地财政在土地高质量城镇化与碳排放间存在完全中介效应,经济集聚在经济高质量城镇化与碳排放间存在遮掩效应。     

分层填料土地毛管渗滤系统脱氮作用研究

对土壤煤渣分层的土地毛管渗滤系统的脱氮效果和机理进行了研究。氮的静态吸附试验和土壤全氮含量分析表明,填料对氮的去除作用有限。植物对总氮的去除贡献率只占0.47%,作用不明显。温度和总氮去除率的相关分析表明,温度对总氮去除效果影响不显著。提高出水水位30 cm以创造适合反硝化菌生长的还原环境,总氮去除率由39.1%下降到30.0%,可见氧化还原条件不是系统反硝化反应的限制条件。投加葡萄糖作为碳源,使C/N〉3,有机物去除率保持在80%以上,总氮的去除率上升到52.4%,较高的C/N比能有效提高土地毛管渗滤系统的总氮去除效果。     

不同气温条件下室内甲醛污染特性的探讨

用酚试剂分光光度法（GB／F18204．26—2000）对装修后室内空气中的甲醛进行测定。通过一年多的实测表明：气温在13.0℃-24．0℃范围内，测试结果的超标率为27．8％，测试结果均值为0．077mg／m^3，气温在25．0℃-30．0℃范围内，测试结果的超标率为78．1％，测试结果均值为0．270mg／m^3，两个温度段超标率相差2．8倍多，测试结果均值相差3．5倍多。室内空气中甲醛浓度与室内温度呈线性关系，表明气温对室内空气中甲醛的释放量有明显的影响。     

长江经济带污水处理设施减排效率与影响因素研究

污水处理设施作为废水排放的处理终端,在区域水环境治理的过程中发挥关键作用。本文以长江经济带沿线1117座污水处理设施为样本,以单位污水处理能耗作为污水处理设施的投入变量,BOD5等污染物的削减率作为产出变量,在考虑各类污染物对环境造成的异质性影响下利用WSBM模型对污水处理设施的减排效率进行测度,并运用CLAD模型对影响污水处理设施减排效率的外部因素进行研究。结果表明:长江经济带污水处理设施综合减排效率较低且差异较大,设施单位污水处理能耗冗余率较高以及对总磷污染物减排效果不理想是制约其减排效率提高的重要因素;长江经济带污水处理设施的减排纯技术效率总体呈现"东高西低",以上海、湖南、云南三省份形成"三极"的空间分布特征,而设施减排规模效率则呈现出"中部高、东西低"的空间分布格局;设施减排效率外部影响因素的驱动效应差异明显,并据此提出了排水管网合理规划、推进新型城镇化建设等对策建议。     

秦皇岛室内甲醛污染现状调查及其防控

选取典型小区,对秦皇岛市室内甲醛污染现状进行了调查,调查结果表明秦皇岛市住宅内甲醛污染严重,并将全过程控制理论应用于住宅装修过程中,有效降低了室内甲醛污染,提出了通过通风、选材、加温加湿、负离子功能产品、室内净化设施等多种措施来有效控制室内甲醛污染。     

Indirect carbon reduction by residential vegetation and planting strategies in Chicago, USA

Concern about climate change has evoked interest in the potential for urban vegetation to help reduce the levels of atmospheric carbon. This study applied computer simulations to try to quantify the modifying effects of existing vegetation on the indirect reduction of atmospheric carbon for two residential neighborhoods in north-west Chicago. The effects of shading, evapotranspiration, and windspeed reduction were considered and were found to have decreased carbon emissions by 3.2 to 3.9% per year for building types in study block 1 where tree cover was 33%, and -0.2 to 3.8% in block 2 where tree cover was 11%. This resulted in a total annual reduction of carbon emission averaging 158.7 (+/- 12.8) kg per residence in block 1 and 18.1 (+/- 5.4) kg per residence in block 2. Windspeed reduction greatly contributed to the decrease of carbon emission. However, shading increased annual carbon emission from the combined change in heating and cooling energy use due to many trees in the wrong locations, which increase heating energy use during the winter. The increase of carbon emission from shading is somewhat specific to Chicago, due in part to the large amount of clean, nuclear-generated cooling energy and the long heating season. In Chicago, heating energy is required for about eight months from October to May and cooling energy is used for the remaining 4 months from June to September. If fossil fuels had been the primary source for cooling energy and the heating season had been shorter, the shading effects on the reduction of carbon emission would be greater. Planting of large trees close to the west wall of buildings, dense planting on the north, and avoidance of planting on the south are recommended to maximize indirect carbon reduction by residential vegetation, in Chicago and other mid and high-latitude cities with long heating seasons.