超声波辅助破乳法回收石化罐底油泥中的原油

采用超声波辅助破乳法对安庆石化罐底油泥进行脱水处理,进而回收原油。考察了超声功率、水浴温度、超声时间、破乳剂加入量对油泥脱水率和原油回收率的影响。采用显微镜对处理前后的油泥内部结构进行表征。实验结果表明:在超声频率28 k Hz、超声功率70 W、水浴温度70℃、超声时间15 min、破乳剂加入量50μg/g的最佳超声波辅助破乳条件下,油泥脱水率和原油回收率分别为92.3%和98.5%,比没有超声波辅助的传统破乳法分别提高了25.7百分点和12.3百分点。表征结果显示,经超声波辅助破乳处理后,水滴的粒径和数量均明显减少,说明超声波辐射可有效地改善油泥的破乳效果。     

用高铁酸钾处理含聚合物的油田废水

目前，我国部分油田采用了聚合物(PAM)驱油的三次采油技术，取得了较好的增油效果。但是在PAM驱油废水的处理中，PAM驱油废水的水质与水驱油废水的水质有很大的差别。PAM驱油废水在：PAM存在下，其含油量和粘度随PAM浓度的增加而增加，PAM分子集中在油水界面上，与乳化剂分子一起形成较大强度和良好弹性的复合膜，W／O和O/W混合乳层加厚，在分离和电脱水过程中使得油水分离速度减慢，破乳剂破乳效果变差。采用常规处理工艺和水处理剂处理这种废水，达不到回注或排放标准(含油量小于10mg／L)。     

涡流空化破乳设备

一种涡流空化器及涡流空化破乳的设备，包括储槽、泵、压力计、涡流空化器、缓冲槽以及油水分离装置，储槽的出液端经过阀门与泵的进液端相连接，泵的出液端经过压力计与涡流空化器的进液端相连接，涡流空化器的喷嘴位于缓冲槽进液端的上方，缓冲槽的出液端经过阀门与油水分离装置的进液端相连接。涡流空化器有3种结构形式。利用该涡流空化器及其配套装置对含水乳化油或者乳化含油废水进行破乳处理后，     

油脂加工废水的治理

油脂加工废水的治理我国的油脂加工业起步较晚，但随着人民生活水平的提高，近年来发展很快。在油脂加工过程中，碱中和及水洗工序产生大量含脂肪酸盐、含油的碱性废水，如让其直接排放，将造成环境污染。我厂采用破乳分离的方法处理这股废水，取得了较好的效果。１废水来...     

有机硅改性破乳-絮凝剂在含油污水处理中的应用

采用破乳-絮凝法结合有机硅表面活性剂处理塔里木油田含油污水,以水样的油含量、Zeta电位、显微照片、界面张力为考察参数,得到一种新型水处理剂NP-22。NP-22为有机硅改性破乳-絮凝剂,其配方为破乳-絮凝剂YL-7和有机硅表面活性剂321的质量比95∶15。在NP-22加入量90 mg/L、反应温度45℃、沉降时间90min的优化条件下处理含油污水,水样的油含量由728.8 mg/L降至34.3 mg/L,除油率达95.3%。有机硅表面活性剂321可有效降低油水界面张力,与YL-7复合使用,可取得更好的除油效果。     

乳状液膜提取废汞触媒浸出液中的汞及 乳状液破乳

采用乳状液膜法分离提取废汞触媒浸出液中的Hg~(2+)。考察了影响乳状液膜体系分离富集汞的主要因素,并对分离提取后的乳液相进行了破乳研究。分离提取实验结果表明:乳状液膜体系的最佳配方为流动载体磷酸三丁酯体积分数10%、表面活性剂失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯体积分数4%、膜溶剂磺化煤油体积分数86%、内水相HCl溶液浓度0.10mol/L、油相与内水相的体积比1∶1;在乳状液与外水相的体积比为1∶10的条件下Hg~(2+)提取率达78.50%。破乳实验结果表明:加热破乳、离心破乳、加热离心联合破乳3种方法的破乳率分别为29.0%,54.0%,85.7%;采用加热离心联合法破乳后,Hg~(2+)富集倍数达8.5。     

含油废水破乳除油的试验研究及工业应用

对３种含油废水进行了处理试验,验证了破乳剂的破乳除油效果,筛选了效果最佳的破乳药剂并进行了工业应用,取得令人满意的结果。     

磁技术处理含油废水的研究进展

在磁技术除油力学原理的基础上，分析了磁性材料和改性磁性材料的除油机理，介绍了磁技术在处理油田废水、机械加工废水、轧钢废水和餐饮废水等方面的应用，指明了磁技术处理含油废水的发展方向。     

O／W型乳化液的处理

采用药剂破乳－电解破乳工艺处理Ｏ／Ｗ型乳化液，药剂破乳选用聚合硫酸铁为破乳剂，破乳时最佳ＰＨ为８，聚合硫酸铁的最佳投量为１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ，电解破乳选用铁作阳极，铝作阴极，电流密度０．８６Ａ／ｄｍ＾２，极距２５ｍｍ，电解时间３ｈ。在上述条件下，破乳效果良好，出水清澈透明，ＣＯＤ总去除率可达到９６－９７％。     

典型电脱盐废水预处理技术及其应用

针对原油电脱盐废水处理形势日益严峻的问题,介绍了电脱盐废水预处理技术的研究及应用进展,分析了电脱盐废水预处理技术的原理、特点及应用效果,总结了影响电脱盐废水特点的主要因素,指出改进原油开采技术、提高电脱盐装置的运行和管理水平可从源头上改善电脱盐废水水质,进一步开发和应用先进技术对控制电脱盐废水污染具有积极意义。     

水域泄漏油品回收处理技术

提出了水域泄漏油品回收技术的装备需求,介绍了水域泄漏油品问收处理措施.采用拦油栅来控制漂浮在水上的油品,将泄漏油品集中在相对较小的区域内,并使水面的浮油层加厚,然后使用人工或机械对泄漏油品进行回收.对于水域中的少量泄漏油品,采用吸油材料来进行吸附.在油膜较薄,难以用机械方法回收的情况下,使用消油剂或固化剂进行处理.水域...     

The Oil Pollution Act of 1990: A Decade Later

Analysis of oil spills data confirms that accidental oil spills are natural phenomenon and that there is a relationship between accidental oil spills and variables like vessel size, vessel type, time and region of spill. The volume of oil spilled bears relationship with the volume of petroleum imports and domestic movement of petroleum and proportion of large oil spills. Finally, navigational risk increases with increase in marine traffic and is also determined by variables like hydrographic and meteorological conditions, water configuration, maneuvering space, obstructions and nuisance vessels. The Oil Pollution Act, 1990 (OPA 90) was passed by the US Congress in the aftermath of 11 million gallon spill of crude oil in Prince William Sound, Alaska. The objective of OPA 90 was to minimize marine casualties and oil spills by addressing preventive, protective, deterrent and performance aspects of accidental oil spills. The arm of various regulations like double-hull tankers and vessel response plans extended to both US flagged and foreign-flagged tank vessels. The cost–benefit analysis of major regulations shows that the estimated costs exceed estimated benefits. We observe from USCG data on oil spills by size, by vessel type, Coast guard district and type of petroleum product that there have been significant reductions in the number and the quantity of oil spills. Our regression results show that the quantity of oil spilled increases with increase in oil imports but increases at a decreasing rate. The quantity of oil spilled decreases with increases in the domestic oil movements. Furthermore, percent of oil spills larger than 10,000 gallons also increases the potential quantity of oil spilled. OPA 90 has been a deterrent to accidental oil spills but the finding is not conclusive.     

Waste management in Copenhagen: Principles and trends

The increase in volumes of waste, and the difficulties of finding suitable locations for landfill sites within the borders of Copenhagen municipality, along with the need for treatment of oil and chemical waste, resulted in the erection in the early 1970s of two large waste-to-energy plants and a large centralized plant for the treatment of oil and chemical waste. Ten years later, however, it became evident that the then structure was not sufficient to face rapidly emerging problems. A number of pollution cases in Denmark which emerged during the early 1980s, proved that oil and chemical waste was being transported illegally to landfills instead of being disposed of in compliance with the obligatory system, thus becoming a threat to groundwater and drinking water supplies in Copenhagen. At the same time, waste-to-energy plants were facing pollution problems such as the emission of dioxin and large quantities of hydrochloric acid, which contribute to acidification and forest death.As a response to the increasing problems in relation to both waste incineration and deposits, new regulations from the Ministry of the Environment allowed future sanitary landfills to be located only near the coast or in areas documented to be composed of an impermeable layer of clay. New regulation also defined conditions for flue gas cleansing. However, it was clear that pollution problems combined with increases in volumes of waste called for a much firmer administration and a stronger influence on the waste flow. From February 1989 the municipalities have undertaken the obligation to assign all waste producers the means to dispose of their waste. How Copenhagen municipality has solved the problems is discussed.     

我国石化行业温室气体排放源识别

依据《2006年IPCC（政府间气候变化专门委员会）国家温室气体清单指南》及《温室气体协议》，对我国石化行业温室气体排放源进行了识别。结合温室气体排放源范围的两种划分方法，为石化行业的主要生产部门--油气开采、原油炼制与加工、石化原料与制品制造编制了初步的温室气体排放源清单，并简要介绍了石化行业温室气体排放量的核算方法，为石化行业温室气体排放量核算体系的构建奠定基础。     

The characterization of waste cathode-ray tube glass

New re-use applications are needed to address the relatively large quantity of waste electronic products generated in the world. Cathode-ray tubes (CRTs) from computer monitors and TV sets are a large component of such waste. The three glass components of CRTs are the funnel, panel and neck, which are produced by various manufacturers and are now collected by asset-recovery centres. In this paper, we characterize waste funnel and panel glass from dismantled cathode-ray tubes with a view to assisting the development of new re-use applications. The heavy metal (lead, barium, and strontium) content of such glass represents an acute risk to the environment. Our results of the chemical composition for different kinds of waste CRT glass including black & white and color CRTs show that CRT glass from different producers have generally similar chemical compositions. In particular, the compositions of funnel and panel black & white CRT glass are similar, but are different to those of panel and funnel color CRT glass. We also measured the following specific properties of each type of CRT glass: density, glass transition temperature, and linear coefficient of thermal expansion. It was found that the coefficients of thermal expansion of CRT glass do not vary with their composition. In contrast, the measured densities and glass transition temperatures do vary with composition. On the basis of our experimental data and data found in the literature, we outline the main properties of several waste CRT glass currently in circulation. The aim of this study was to provide the data required to determine if this kind of waste could be entirely (or partially) re-used and to aid the search for promising methods of treatment.     

新型吸附材料AGS在油气回收中的应用

考查了自制疏水性硅胶吸附材料AGS在加油站模拟油气回收装置及某油库现场油气回收装置的应用效果，并与常用的柱状活性炭进行了比较。实验结果表明：与活柱状性炭相比，AGS对油气的吸附速率和吸附量较小，但是油气脱附效果更好；将二者混合得到的吸附材料同时具备二者的优点，既具有较高的油气吸附量又具有良好的脱附性能，使油气回收装置具有更大的油气吸附量和更好的回收效果。     

水合肼生产废水及其处理现状

水合肼是一种重要的化工原料和化学中间体,广泛应用于化工、医药、农药和军工行业。由于水合肼具有较强毒性,被列为《地表水环境质量标准》（GB 3838—2002）中集中式生活饮用水地表水源地特定项目,因此其生产废水的处理十分重要。本文对目前国内外水合肼生产工艺及其产生的废水进行了介绍,详细分析并归纳了水合肼生产废水中不同污染物的处理方法,讨论了目前水合肼生产废水的实际处理工艺,并结合国内专利情况分析探讨了水合肼生产废水处理技术的发展方向,指出应加强双氧水法生产废水处理技术的研发。