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简述了水污染物排放总量核算与评价的基本概念。结合实际工作经验,对新建项目水污染物排放总量核算与评价、改扩建项目水污染物排放总量核算与评价分别进行分析与探讨,并提出了核算与评价方法和建议。 相似文献
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阐述了环境监测技术监督的概念及其重要性和必要性,分析了由于认识不到位、手段欠缺、机制不完善等原因而导致的技术监督作用的弱化表现。提出开展环境质量现状、污染源状况、开发区环境质量、环境管理措施绩效、监测科研课题等多项技术监督,利用报告、会议、区域目标考核等形式,建立多部门联动的环境质量分析会机制、项目审批过程的跟踪监测机制、环境管理污染防治的目标考核机制、监察处罚的效果点评机制、环境监测部门内部的资源整合机制,进一步完善技术监督体系。 相似文献
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Nowadays, substantial improvements in sustainable micro-manufacturing are explicitly addressed based on the triple bottom line (TBL) concept. However, strong criticisms are leveled for the applications of TBL as immense complexities of inner relationships of items and dimensional relationships within TBL, which they cause an inefficacy of accessing critical information in introducing the TBL concept to sustainable micro-manufacturing. In this study, social network analysis (SNA) is used for developing a TBL network of sustainable micro-manufacturing to find out precise meanings of individual items of various dimensions of TBL and the relationships between them. The main metrics of the dominant items of TBL such as in-degree, out-degree, betweenness centrality and closeness centrality are detailly discussed with 16 nodes for three dimensions in the TBL networks. The related findings are further analyzed to reveal the current situation, technical gaps and chances for the sustainable development of the micro-manufacturing sector. This study aims to reveal the relationship between the items of TBL of micro-manufacturing, and delivers the significant roles of the items of TBL according to the findings of metrics and visual analyses for sustainable micro-manufacturing, supporting micro-manufacturing sectors to implement effective sustainable strategies for production activities. 相似文献
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荒漠生态环境监测刍议 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13
讨论了荒漠生态环境监测的基本概念和原则 ,并针对新疆荒漠生态环境监测工作的现状 ,提出了今后工作的总体设想和若干展望 ,对我国荒漠生态环境监测工作的开展具有一定的启示作用。 相似文献
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Bioassays as well as biochemical responses (biomarkers) in ecosystems due to environmental stress provide us with signals (environmentally signalling) of potential damage in the environment. If these responses are perceived in this early stage in ecosystems, the eventual damage can be prevented. Once ecosystem damage has occurred, the remedial action processes for recovery could be expensive and pose certain logistical problems. Ideally, “early warning signals” in ecosystems using sensing systems of biochemical responses (biomarkers) would not only tell us the initial levels of damage, but these signals will also provide us with answers by the development of control strategies and precautionary measures in respect to the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Clear technical guidelines or technical specifications on monitoring are necessary to establish and characterise reference conditions for use in an ecological status classification system for surface water bodies. For the Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment (ERA) of endocrine effects we used an approach of the exposure – dose – response concept. Based on the “Ecototoxicological Classification System of Sediments” that uses pT-values to classify effects in different river systems, we transferred the bio-monitoring data to the five-level ecological system of the WFD. To understand the complexity of the structure of populations and processes behind the health of populations, communities and ecosystems an ERA should establish links between natural factors, chemicals, and biological responses so as to assess causality. So, our ecological monitoring assessment has incorporated exposure & effects data. 相似文献
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北京市地下水污染源荷载影响评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在阐述地下水污染源荷载影响基本概念的基础上,介绍了污染源荷载影响评价的3大要素:污染荷载等级、含水层敏感性及地下水价值,说明了评价体系、指标和方法及过程。根据主要污染源荷载分析,结合地下水环境现状,对北京市进行了分区,提出污染源管理措施。 相似文献
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Ecological livability points out the direction for the realization of environmental sustainability and livable sustainability. According to the interaction between ecological livability and sustainable rural development (SRD), this study deconstructed the concept of SRD and selected the corresponding indicators to construct the SRD index system with universal value. We divided SRD into two dimensions: rural ecological sustainability and rural livable sustainability. The former was described by green production and waste disposal, while the latter was represented by public service and social amenity. To demonstrate the application of the SRD index system, we chose China as an example. Through empirical measurement, this study found that the SRD in China was unbalanced and inadequate, and had the characteristics of spatial differentiation. We also explored the direction that can be improved in each region of China. The SRD index system can measure the level of SRD comprehensively and quantitatively, providing a useful reference for each country to analyze the situation of SRD. It is of practical significance to guide the development of ecological livability and achieve SRD. 相似文献
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区域环境风险评估研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
简述了区域环境风险及区域环境风险评估的内涵,以及国内外区域环境风险评估研究发展进程及现状,指出了现阶段区域环境风险评估存在的问题,提出应重点开展区域环境风险发生机理、定量表征区域环境风险方法等研究的展望。 相似文献
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学龄儿童肺功能水平影响因素的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用逐步回归分析方法对与室内、外空气污染和机体状况等有关的因素对广州市学龄儿童肺功能 (FVC、FEV1 、PEFR和 FEF2 5~ 75 )水平的影响进行研究。结果提示 ,影响肺功能水平的主要因素是内因 ,身高的影响最明显 ,呼吸系统疾病或症状发生与肺功能水平下降有关 ;室外空气污染使肺功能水平下降 ,SO2 、NOx 和 PM2 .5 的影响明显 ,PM2 .5 的影响明显大于 PM1 0 和 TSP;居室或厨房通风不良、家庭烹饪用不洁燃料对儿童肺功能的生长不利 ;被动吸烟对女性儿童肺功能有不利影响。对各种影响因素 ,PEFR和 FEF2 5~ 75 比 FVC和 FEV1 更为敏感 相似文献
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合成麝香广泛分布于环境中,难降解,易生物富集,对水生生物和人体均呈现一定的生物毒性.综述了合成麝香在环境中的污染现状和分布特点,以及在水生生物和人体中的生物富集作用,并对合成麝香污染研究进行了展望. 相似文献
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陈轶波 《环境监测管理与技术》2011,23(1):1-3
依据环境监测能力建设标准,提出了"十二五"期间基层监测站能力建设的目标和要求,指出实现"三个说得清",应以科研工作为先导,以污染防治为核心,以信息化建设为载体,强化对环境质量综合分析和环境风险源筛分排查,充分发挥基层监测站的作用,更好地为环境管理提供准确有效技术支持的建设思路. 相似文献
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Based on research on the effectiveness of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and the critical factors determining it, numerous questions regarding SEA and its effectiveness have come to light. In this paper, we address a range of these questions based on a review of 39 peer-reviewed scientific articles. Questions are examined such as how effectiveness is defined and how the critical factors affecting it are determined. The concept of effectiveness is broadly accepted, but its meaning differs between different schools of thought. Effectiveness is clearly kept apart from the concept of quality, but in many definitions of SEA effectiveness, we have seen the concepts presented as overlapping and developing through time. At any point in time, a multitude of meanings of effectiveness thus exist, sustaining the idea of Thomas Kuhn that this kind of social science is not really cumulative. To overcome these limitations, we present a view of how these different concepts can be presented in a number of logical and historical steps. Based on the critical factors and their concentration into broader concepts, it targets to the formulation of a general, more comprehensive model that can describe the interrelationship between general- and stage-specific critical factors. It is concluded that “comprehensive models of causation” exist which condense a broader range of critical factors into only 4–10 main topics that describe the most pivotal forces at play. It may be possible to facilitate a common understanding of the nature of SEA and thus invite future research. 相似文献
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阐述了美国敏感地图项目的设计理念、地图集数据结构与产品组成,分别讨论了其在敏感资源保护策略的设计与制定、区域环境分析和污染风险评价,以及污染源管理等领域的应用。提出将敏感地图应用于我国海洋、河流、湖泊的生态环境评价、事故响应预案编制、事故责任与损失评估,为提升环境保护水平提供科学的借鉴平台。 相似文献
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Christian Condevaux‐Lanloy Emmanuel Fragnière 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2000,5(3):145-155
This paper presents a new concept to include uncertainty management in energy and environmental planning models developed in algebraic modeling languages. SETSTOCH is a tool for linking algebraic modeling languages with specialized stochastic programming solvers. Its main role is to retrieve from the modeling language a dynamically ordered core model (baseline scenario) that is sent automatically to the stochastic solver. The case presented herein concerns such a study realized with the IEAMARKAL model used by many research teams around the world. 相似文献