Characteristics of distribution of heavy metals insediment of Le An River

ＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｉｎｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｏｆＬｅＡｎＲｉｖｅｒＬｉＱｉ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙ...     

Modelling of water quality of Minjiang estuary

In order to establish economic development region at Mawei districtwhich is nearby downstream of Minjiang river and to answer the question of impact of economic development on water quality of Minjiang estuary, the analyses of hydrologic and hydraulic characteristics of Mawei reach of Minjiang tidal river, a two-dimensional mathematical model has been established and simulation of water quality was studied. The results show that the flushing time of a conservative pollutant during dry and raining period are 12 and 7 days respectively from Mawei to Minjiang mouth, the decay rate constants of BOD and NH3-N are 0.1 to 0.4 and 0.18 to 0.45 d-1 respectively. The capacity of dilution and assimilation for pollutants is larger.     

Photochemistry of chrysene adsorbedon several types of particle

ＰｈｏｔｏｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙｏｆｃｈｒｙｓｅｎｅａｄｓｏｒｂｅｄｏｎｓｅｖｅｒａｌｔｙｐｅｓｏｆｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅＺｈｏｎｇＪｉｎｘｉａｎ；ＭａｕｌｄｉｎＲ．Ｆ．；Ｄｕｎｓｔａｎ，Ｔ．Ｄ．Ｔ，Ｓａｎｄｅｒｓ，Ｊ．Ｋ．，Ｈｉｐｐｓ，Ａ．Ｄ．，Ｗｅｈｒｙ，...     

A complete set of procedure for determination of multiresidue of pesticides in vegetables

A complete set of procedure for determination of multiresidue of pesticides in vegetables was presented in this paper.The complete set of procedure included three steps:bioassay,cholinesterase inhibition and GLC analysis.The samples could be identified to be contaminated with pesticides if 5% of house flies was knocked down in 50 tested house flies. Those samples contaminated with pesticides needed to be detected by AChE inhibition method.The qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out by GLC.Recoveries ranged from 83.7% in Chinese cabbages to 105.6% in tomatoes for pyrethroids,and 84.0% in tomatoes to 102.7% in sweetbell redpeppes for organophosphorus compounds.Coefficients of variations ranged from 0.59% to organophosphorus compounds.Coefficients of variations ranged from 0.59% to 7.87% for pyrethroids. and 0.33% to 9.88% for organophosphorus compounds with vegetables. The complete set of procedure has been used successfully to analyze 7000 samples collected in Beijing. About 1% of the samp     

Effects of elevated CO_2 on sensitivity of six species of algae and interspecific competition of three species of alga

Introduction The atm ospheric C O 2 concentration increases at a rate of 1.5 滋 m ol/(m ol·a) and w ill double com pared to pre-industrial levels around the year 2050 (W atson et al., 1990). Its effects and m echanism by elevated CO 2 on global clim ate,…     

Seasonal changes of endogenous ABA and cytokininsin environmental adaptation of differentecotypes of reed plants

ＳｅａｓｏｎａｌｃｈａｎｇｅｓｏｆｅｎｄｏｇｅｎｏｕｓＡＢＡａｎｄｃｙｔｏｋｉｎｉｎｓｉｎｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌａｄａｐｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｅｃｏｔｙｐｅｓｏｆｒｅｅｄｐｌａｎｔｓＷａｎｇＨｏｎｇｌｉａｎｇ，ＺｈａｎｇＣｈｅｎｇｌｉ...     

Effect of acidic deposition on productivity of forest ecosystem and estimation of its economic losses in southern suburbs of Chongqing

In accordance with principle sand methods of ecology, this paper studied the effects of acidic deposition on productivity and volume increment of masson pine and Cinnamomum campora forest which are widely distributed in southern suburbs of Chongqing. Based on the field data and measurements, a multivariable stepwise regression model was established to analyze the effects of multiple environmental factors on the productivity of the forest ecosystems. This model was used to assess the volume and economic losses of these two forest ecosystems caused by acidic deposition. The results showed that, among the environmental factors, pH value of precipitation, soil depth, soil organic contents and slope are the dominant ones influencing the growth of masson pine forest. It is also shown that the acidic deposition has no clear relation to the growth of C.Campora forest, so development of such broad-leaved forest is suitable in the area.     

Utility of semivariogram for spatial variation of soil nutrients and the robust analysis of semivariogram

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＧｅｏｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｓｈａｓｐｒｏｖｅｎｕｓｅｆｕｌｆｏｒｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｉｎｇａｎｄｍａｐｐｉｎｇｔｈｅｓｐａｔｉａｌｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｏｉｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ (Ｗｅｂｓｔｅｒ,1985;Ｔｒａｎｇｍａｒ,1985;Ｇｏｏｖａｅｒｔｓ ,1999) .Ｍｏｓｔｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｇｅｏｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃａｌｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｆｏｃｕｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｄａｔａｏｆａｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｓｍａｌｌｓｐａｔｉａｌｓｃａｌｅ(Ｃｈｉｅｎ ,1997) .Ｔｈｅａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｇｅｏｓｔａｔ…     

The crystal growth of hydroxyapatite in presence of collagens

The crystal growth of hydroxyapatite (HAP) seeds in presence of the abnormal collagen secreted by the chondrocyte grown in media containing free radical sources or fulvic acid and the type II collagen (pig cartilage) damaged by · OH and fulvic acid(FA) from potable water in endemic region of Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) was studied. The results showed that in the former case, the abnormal collagen rich in type I collagen promoted mineralization in contrast with the type n collagen. The oxidatively damaged type II collagen became less inhibitive or even promotive. In all cases, the reaction followed a second order kinetics. The powder X-diffraction analysis and SEM observation indicated that the damaged type II collagen lowers the crystalinity in the beginning and made the final crystal more agglomerated. All the results showed that the abnormal and the damaged cartilage matrix affected the bimineralization and was likely to have played an important role in the development of KBD.     

Determination of atmospheric concentrations of halocarbons in Beijing area

Gas chromatography with ambient temperature injection and frozen-trapped techniques was used to determine the atmospheric concentrations of halocarbons over Beijing. Halogenated compounds such as CFC-11, CFC-12, CHCl_3, CCl_4, CH_3CCl_3, CHCl =CCl_2, and CCl_2=CCl_2 were measured and their concentrations are 109±8, 234±13, 47±22, 97±24, 88±29, 11±1 and 17±3 (pptv), respectively.     

丛枝菌根影响纳米ZnO对玉米的生物效应

人工纳米颗粒(engineered nanoparticles,ENPs)能被植物吸收、积累,随食物链进入人体而引起健康风险.丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌可与陆地生态系统中绝大多数高等植物互惠共生,可能影响ENPs的生物效应.在温室土壤盆栽条件下研究了施加不同水平纳米ZnO(0、500、1000、2000、3000 mg·kg-1)和接种AM真菌Acaulospora mellea对玉米生长和营养状况的影响.结果表明,随土壤中纳米ZnO施加水平的增加,菌根侵染率和玉米生物量均呈降低趋势,根系总长、总表面积及总体积降低,植株体内Zn含量和吸收量逐渐增加,地上部分P、N、K、Fe、Cu吸收量逐渐降低.与对照相比,接种AM真菌均促进玉米的生长,改善P、N、K营养,根系总长、总表面积及总体积增加,并在施加纳米ZnO时增加Zn在玉米根系中的分配比例.本结果首次表明,土壤中纳米ZnO对丛枝菌根具有一定毒性,而接种AM真菌能够减轻其毒性,对宿主植物起到保护作用.     

3种杀真菌剂对 AM真菌侵染和黄芩生长的影响

为了合理施用杀真菌剂,充分利用AM(arbuscular mycorrhiza)真菌资源提高中药材产量和品质,减少农药投入和环境污染.本试验在土培条件下,以非灭菌土为生长基质,研究了喷施苯菌灵、苯醚甲环唑和氟硅唑对AM真菌(摩西球囊霉Glomusmossea)侵染和黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis)生长的影响.结果表明,同一施药条件下,接种摩西球囊霉总体上表现出促进黄芩生长的趋势,但菌根效应因杀真菌剂不同而有差异.不同施药条件下,未接种黄芩生长受到抑制,接种株中,喷施苯菌灵,植株地上部K和地下部Fe含量显著降低;喷施苯醚甲环唑,植株全N、地上部K、地下部黄芩苷和Ca含量显著降低;喷施氟硅唑,菌根侵染率、植株全P、黄芩苷、K、地上部Cu、地下部全N、Ca、Zn和Fe含量显著降低.氟硅唑对摩西球囊霉和黄芩生长抑制效果大于苯醚甲环唑和苯菌灵.说明氟硅唑对摩西球囊霉毒性大.因此,为了减轻杀真菌剂对AM真菌的危害,发挥菌根效应,在达到防治病害的基础上应选用对AM真菌毒性小的杀真菌剂.     

接种AM真菌对胡萝卜生长和辛硫磷残留的影响

在温室盆栽条件下研究了接种AM(arbuscular mycorrhiza)真菌对灭菌土壤中胡萝卜生长及其辛硫磷残留的影响.试验设置不施加、低(200 mg.L-1)、中(400 mg.L-1)、高(800 mg.L-1)等4个辛硫磷施用量水平,以及Glomus intraradices BEG 141(141)和Glomus mosseae BEG 167(167)和不接AM真菌的对照(CK)等3个接种处理.播种5个月后收获植株.辛硫磷在收获前14 d以灌根的方式施加.结果表明,尽管菌根侵染率在高辛硫磷施用量时有所降低,但均超过70%.辛硫磷施用量高低对于胡萝卜产量和地上部鲜重没有显著影响;在所有辛硫磷水平下,接种AM真菌均显著增加了胡萝卜产量和地上部鲜重.胡萝卜中辛硫磷残留随农药施用量增加而升高,接种AM真菌显著降低了胡萝卜根和地上部辛硫磷残留.无论在促生效应还是在降低辛硫磷残留方面,141菌剂要优于167菌剂.研究结果显示了AM真菌用于胡萝卜生产和降低农药残留的潜力.     

Effects of Glomus mosseae on the toxicity of heavy metals to Vicia faba

A glasshouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae on the growth of Vicia faba and toxicity induced by heavy metals （HMs） （Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd） in a field soil contaminated by a mixture of these metals. There was also uninoculation treatment （NM） simultaneously. Mycorrhizal （GM） plants have significantly increased growth and tolerance to toxicity induced by heavy metals compared with NM plants. P uptake was significantly increased in GM plants. Mycorrhizal symbiosis reduced the transportation of HMs fi＇om root to shoot by immobilizing HMs in the mycorrhizal, shown by increasing the ratios of HMs from root to shoot. Oxidative stress, which can induce DNA damage, is an important mechanism of heavy metal toxicity. GM treatment decreased oxidative stress by intricating antioxidative systems such as peroxidases and non-enzymic systems including soluble protein. The DNA damage induced by heavy metals was detected using comet assay, which showed DNA damage in the plants was decreased by the GM treatment.     

Effect of arsenic contaminated irrigation water on Lens culinaris L. and toxicity assessment using lux marked biosensor

Contamination of irrigation water represents a major constraint to Bangladesh agriculture, resulting in elevated levels in the terrestrial systems. Lux bacterial biosensor technology has previously been used to measure the toxicity of metals in various environmental matrices. While arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have their most significant effect on phosphorus uptake, but showed alleviated metal toxicity to the host plant. The study examined the effects of arsenic and inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus mosseae, on lentil (Lens culinaris L. cv. Titore). Plants were grown with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum for 9 weeks in a sand and terra-green mixture (50:50, V/V) and watered with five levels of arsenic (0, 1, 2, 5, 10 mg As/L arsenate). The results showed that arsenic addition above 1 mg/L significantly reduced percentage of mycorrhizal root infection. On further analysis a close relationship was established with the vegetative and reproductive properties of lentil (L. culinaris) plants compared to the percentage bioluminescence of the soil leachate. However, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation reduced arsenic concentration in roots and shoots. Higher concentrations of arsenic (5, 10 mg As/L arsenate) reduced the mycorrhizal efficiency to increase phosphorus content and nitrogen fixation. Therefore, this study showed that increased concentration of arsenic in irrigation water had direct implications to the lentil (L. culinaris) plants overall performance. Moreover the use of bioassay demonstrated that mycorrhiza and clay particle reduced arsenic bioavailability in soil.     

外加不同铁源和丛枝菌根对砷污染土壤上玉米生长及磷、砷吸收的影响

通过盆栽模拟试验研究了添加不同铁源及接种丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuecular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)对高砷污染土壤上玉米生长及其吸收磷、砷、铁、锰、铜和锌的影响.试验结果表明,与对照相比,添加硫酸亚铁并接种AMF显著地提高了土壤有效铁、锰含量,降低了土壤中水溶性砷、磷含量以及玉米地上部砷的含量,并极大地增加了植株对磷的吸收,提高了植株体内磷砷吸收量之比,从而明显地改善了植株的菌根建成和生长状况.在不接种情况下,硫酸亚铁和石灰混合处理显著地降低了土壤水溶性砷、磷含量及根系砷含量,并明显增加了磷的吸收以及磷、砷吸收量的比值,使玉米植株生物量和根长增加的幅度较其它铁源处理时更大.尽管添加铁尾矿砂增加了土壤水溶性磷的含量以及植株磷的吸收而在一定程度上改善了玉米的生长,但这种效果以不接种时更为明显,因而有必要根据土壤的污染程度调整铁尾矿砂的添加量和接种抗性菌株,以强化植物的抗砷能力.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

不同磷石膏添加量与接种菌根对玉米生长及磷、砷、硫吸收的影响

通过盆栽模拟试验研究了不同磷石膏（PG）添加量（0、20、40g·kg-1）和接种3种丛枝菌根真菌（Glomus mosseae（GM）、Glomus aggregatum（GA）、Diversispora spurcum（DS））对玉米生长及其磷、硫、砷吸收的影响.试验结果表明：随磷石膏添加量的提高,土壤有效磷、有效...     

岩性对喀斯特灌丛土壤固氮菌与丛枝菌根真菌群落结构及丰度的影响

运用末端限制性片段长度多态性(terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism,T-RFLP)和荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)法,检测喀斯特灌丛生态系统中不同岩性条件下土壤固氮菌与丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌群落结构与丰度的变化,揭示岩性对灌丛生态系统土壤中固氮菌与AM真菌群落结构与丰度的影响.结果表明不同岩性条件下,土壤固氮菌与AM真菌丰度存在显著差异,其中,固氮菌与AM真菌丰度在石灰岩土壤中最大,白云岩土壤中最小,石灰岩-白云岩夹层土壤介于两者之间;同样,不同岩性土壤中固氮菌与AM真菌群落结构存在显著性差异.土壤Olsen-P、有机碳、黏粒含量与固氮菌丰度存在显著正相关关系,而土壤全氮、黏粒含量与AM真菌丰度存在显著正相关.RDA分析表明,植物均匀度影响固氮菌群落组成结构,而植物均匀度、香农多样性指数及丰富度指数影响AM真菌群落组成结构.以上的研究结果表明:岩性主要是通过影响植物与土壤养分来影响土壤固氮菌与AM真菌群落组成结构及丰度.     

接种丛枝菌根真菌对铁尾矿中大豆生长的影响

采用铁尾矿盆栽的方法对接种菌根真菌的大豆生长、菌根侵染率及尾矿养分变化进行了研究。结果表明,接种菌根真菌可以促进植物对养分的吸收,提高植株生物量,同时可改善尾矿。这2种丛枝菌根与植物间表现出良好的相互依赖性和较高的菌根侵染率,取得了明显生态效应。