河滨修复湿地不同植物配置对甲烷排放的影响

为了探讨河滨修复湿地在不同条件下CH₄的排放规律及降低CH₄排放的调控途径,以自行设计和建造的河滨湿地为研究对象,对植物种类配置及植株密度进行人为调控,运用静态箱-气相色谱法测定CH₄排放通量. 结果表明:①CH₄排放通量具有明显的季节性变化规律,其中夏季最大,占全年CH₄总排放量的50%以上;冬季最小,低于全年CH₄总排放量的5%. ②植物种植会明显增加CH₄的排放,不同植物类型通过改变w(SOC)(SOC为土壤有机碳)、气体传输机制以及产CH₄菌群落来改变湿地的CH₄排放,4种供试植物中,通气组织较发达的芦苇和水葱湿地CH₄排放通量分别为(1.98±0.78)和(1.41±0.58)mg/(m2·h),显著低于黄菖蒲的(6.77±1.92)mg/(m2·h). ③提高植株密度可以通过增加输气通道和提高w(SOC)来促进湿地CH₄排放,黄菖蒲植株密度为150株/m2时,CH₄平均排放通量为(10.31±2.56)mg/(m2·h),比植株密度为56株/m2时高出近30%. 因此,建议在新建和修复河滨湿地的设计和建造过程中,种植芦苇和水葱等通气组织较发达的植物,并在满足湿地修复、生态环境保护和景观营造等要求的前提下,适当控制植株密度,以有效减少CH₄排放.      

Greenhouse gas emissions from oilfield-produced water in Shengli Oilfield, Eastern China

Greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions from oil and gas systems are an important component of the GHG emission inventory. To assess the carbon emissions from oilfield-produced water under atmospheric conditions correctly, in situ detection and simulation experiments were developed to study the natural release of GHG into the atmosphere in the Shengli Oilfield,the second largest oilfield in China. The results showed that methane(CH4) and carbon dioxide(CO2) were the primary gases released naturally from the oilfield-produced water.The atmospheric temperature and release time played important roles in determining the CH4 and CO2emissions under atmospheric conditions. Higher temperatures enhanced the carbon emissions. The emissions of both CH4 and CO2from oilfield-produced water were highest at 27°C and lowest at 3°C. The bulk of CH4 and CO2was released from the oilfield-produced water during the first release period, 0–2 hr, for each temperature, with a maximum average emission rate of 0.415 g CH4/(m3·hr) and 3.934 g CO2/(m3·hr), respectively. Then the carbon emissions at other time periods gradually decreased with the extension of time. The higher solubility of CO2 in water than CH4 results in a higher emission rate of CH4 than CO2over the same release duration. The simulation proved that oilfield-produced water is one of the potential emission sources that should be given great attention in oil and gas systems.     

Methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from four tundra ecotopes in Ny-Ålesund of the High Arctic

During the summers of 2008 and 2009, net methane（CH4） and nitrous oxide（N2O） fluxes were investigated from 4 tundra ecotopes： normal lowland tundra（LT）, bird sanctuary tundra（BT）, the tundra in an abandoned coal mine（CT） and the tundra in scientific bases（ST） in Ny-Alesund of the High Arctic. Tundra soils in CT（184.5 ± 40.0 μg CH4/（m2·hr）） and ST（367.6 ± 92.3 μg CH4/（m2·hr）） showed high CH4 emissions due to the effects of human activities, whereas high CH4 uptake or low emission occurred in the soils of LT and BT.The lowland tundra soils（mean,-4.4-4.3 μg N2O/（m2·hr）） were weak N2 O sources and even sinks. Bird activity increased N2 O emissions from BT with the mean flux of7.9 μg N2O/（m2·hr）. The mean N2 O fluxes from CT（45.4 ± 10.2 μg N2O/（m2·hr）） and ST（78.8 ± 18.5 μg N2O/（m2·hr）） were one order of magnitude higher than those from LT and BT, indicating that human activities significantly increased N2 O emissions from tundra soils. Soil total carbon and water regime were important factors affecting CH4 fluxes from tundra soils. The N2 O fluxes showed a significant positive correlation with ammonia nitrogen（NH4＋-N） contents（r = 0.66, p 〈 0.001） at all the observation sites, indicating that ammonia nitrogen（NH4＋-N） content acted as a strong predictor for N2 O emissions from tundra soils. The CH4 and N2O fluxes did not correspond to the temperature variations of soil at 0-15 cm depths.Overall our results implied that human activities might have greater effects on soil CH4 and N2O emissions than current climate warming in Ny-Alesund, High Arctic.     

三峡库区典型消落带CH4排放的变化特征及影响因素

为了探讨亚热带水库消落带CH_4的排放规律,选取三峡库区王家沟一典型消落带内5个高程(180、175、165、155及140 m)为研究对象,其中175、165和155 m位于消落带上,180 m高程为永不淹水的陆地,140 m高程为永久淹水对照区.采用静态暗箱、浮箱/气相色谱法对各高程生态系统CH_4的排放进行了为期两年的连续观测.结果表明,175 m和165 m高程在实验观测的第一年CH_4排放通量变化不明显,而155 m和140 m高程处表现为单峰型的夏季CH_4排放高峰;次年在三峡水库实现最高蓄水位175 m后,175 m高程在淹水期间CH_4排放呈现单峰态,之后表现为源汇交替的无规律排放,而165m、155 m以及140 m高程均大致呈现出冬季高CH_4排放的单峰态;在整个观测期间,180 m高程CH_4排放通量较为稳定,未出现明显峰值.另外,位于消落带上的175、165和155 m高程均表现为淹水期CH_4排放大于落干期.各高程处CH_4年累积排放量为140 m(99.58 kg·hm~(-2))155 m(82.98 kg·hm~(-2))165 m(65.38 kg·hm~(-2))180 m(6.32 kg·hm~(-2))175 m(4.27 kg·hm~(-2)),表明淹水时间越长的土壤,其环境更有利于CH_4的产生.相关性分析显示,陆地与消落带落干期的CH_4排放与土壤碳组分及pH无显著相关性,但CH_4排放通量随土壤含水率的增加而增大;水-气界面上,140 m高程CH_4排放通量与水深有显著线性负相关关系;表明土壤含水率是影响消落带落干期CH_4排放的关键因子之一,而水-气界面上CH_4的排放则受到淹水深度的调控.     

Spatial and seasonal variability of CO2 flux at the air-water interface of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Difusive carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions from the water surface of the Three Gorges Reservoir, currently the largest hydroelectric reservoir in the world, were measured using floating static chambers over the course of a yearlong survey. The results showed that the average annual CO2 flux was(163.3 ± 117.4) mg CO2/(m2·hr) at the reservoir surface, which was larger than the CO2 flux in most boreal and temperate reservoirs but lower than that in tropical reservoirs. Significant spatial variations in CO2 flux were observed at four measured sites, with the largest flux measured at Wushan(221.9 mg CO2/(m2·hr)) and the smallest flux measured at Zigui(88.6 mg CO2/(m2·hr)); these diferences were probably related to the average water velocities at diferent sites. Seasonal variations in CO2 flux were also observed at four sites, starting to increase in January, continuously rising until peaking in the summer(June-August) and gradually decreasing thereafter. Seasonal variations in CO2 flux could reflect seasonal dynamics in pH, water velocity,and temperature. Since the spatial and temporal variations in CO2 flux were significant and dependent on multiple physical, chemical,and hydrological factors, it is suggested that long-term measurements should be made on a large spatial scale to assess the climatic influence of hydropower in China, as well as the rest of the world.     

Dairy farm CH4 and N2O emissions,from one square metre to the full farm scale

The greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural systems contribute significantly to the national budgets for most countries in Europe. Measurement techniques that can identify and quantify emissions are essential in order to improve the selection process of emission reduction options and to enable quantification of the effect of such options. Fast box emission measurements and mobile plume measurements were used to evaluate greenhouse gas emissions from farm sites. The box measurement technique was used to evaluate emissions from farmyard manure and several other potential source areas within the farm. Significant (up to 250 g CH₄ m⁻² day⁻¹and 0.4 g N₂O m⁻² day⁻¹) emissions from ditches close to stables on the farm site were found.Plume emission measurements from individual manure storages were performed at three sites. For a manure storage with 1200 m³ dairy slurry in Wageningen emission factors of 11 ± 5 g CH₄ m⁻³ manure day⁻¹ and 14 ± 8 mg N₂O m⁻³ manure day⁻¹ were obtained in February 2002.Mobile plume measurements were carried out during 4 days at distances between 30 and 300 m downwind of 20 different farms. Total farm emissions levels ranged from 14 to 95 kg CH₄ day⁻¹ for these sites. Expressed as emission per animal the levels were 0.7 ± 0.4 kg CH₄ animal⁻¹ day⁻¹ for conventional farms. For three farms that used straw bedding for the animals1.4 ± 0.2 kg CH₄ animal⁻¹ day⁻¹ was obtained. These factors include both respired methane and emission from manure in the stable and the outside storages.For a subset of these farms the CH₄ emission was compared with monthly averaged model emission calculations using FarmGHG. This model calculates imports, exports and flows of all products through the internal chains on the farm using daily time steps. The fit of modelled versus measured data has a slope of 0.97 but r² = 0.27. Measurements and model emission estimates agree well on average, for large farms within 30%. For small farms the differences can be up to a factor of 3. CH₄ emissions during winter seem to be underestimated.     

基于漂浮箱法和扩散模型法测定淡水养殖鱼塘甲烷排放通量的比较

本研究以我国东南部地区淡水养殖鱼塘为研究对象,于2017年9月到2018年8月采用漂浮箱法和扩散模型法同步原位观测其CH_4排放通量,旨在明确运用两种不同方法观测CH_4的排放特征、排放强度及其驱动因子,综合比较两种方法观测结果的差异性,其中扩散模型法能够进一步量化扩散传输对CH_4排放通量的贡献.结果表明,两种方法观测的CH_4排放通量有相似的季节变化特征,即夏秋季排放高,冬春季排放低.通过漂浮箱法观测淡水养殖鱼塘CH_4排放通量的变化范围为0. 14～3. 13 mg·(m~2·h)~(-1),其年平均排放通量为(0. 86±0. 30) mg·(m~2·h)~(-1),而由扩散模型法估算出鱼塘CH_4排放通量变化范围为0. 04～1. 41 mg·(m~2·h)~(-1),其年平均排放通量为(0. 45±0. 08) mg·(m~2·h)~(-1).基于两种方法观测的CH_4排放通量具有相同的环境驱动因子,CH_4排放通量与水温、底泥可溶性有机碳(DOC)和水体化学需氧量(COD)呈现显著的正相关关系,与水体溶解氧(DO)呈现出极显著的负相关关系.综合比较两种方法观测结果,发现由扩散模型法估算出的淡水养殖鱼塘CH_4排放通量约为漂浮箱法测定结果的45%左右(P 0. 01),扩散模型法可能低估淡水养殖系统CH_4排放通量.综上所述,漂浮箱法更适合用于观测我国东南部内陆地区淡水养殖生态系统CH_4排放.     

闽江河口潮汐沼泽湿地CO_2排放通量特征

以闽江河口区面积最大的鳝鱼滩湿地分布的3种植物沼泽湿地：土著种咸草（Cyperus malaccensis Lam.var.brevifolius Bocklr.）沼泽湿地、芦苇（Phragmites australis）沼泽湿地及外来入侵种互花米草（Spartina alterniflora Loisel.）沼泽湿地...     

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a subtropical coastal embayment (Moreton Bay, Australia)

Surface water methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) concentrations and fluxes were investigated in two subtropical coastal embayments (Bramble Bay and Deception Bay, which are part of the greater Moreton Bay, Australia). Measurements were done at 23 stations in seven campaigns covering different seasons during 2010-2012. Water-air fluxes were estimated using the Thin Boundary Layer approach with a combination of wind and currents-based models for the estimation of the gas transfer velocities. The two bays were strong sources of both CH₄ and N₂O with no significant differences in the degree of saturation of both gases between them during all measurement campaigns. Both CH₄ and N₂O concentrations had strong temporal but minimal spatial variability in both bays. During the seven seasons, CH₄ varied between 500% and 4000% saturation while N₂O varied between 128 and 255% in the two bays. Average seasonal CH₄ fluxes for the two bays varied between 0.5 ± 0.2 and 6.0 ± 1.5 mg CH₄/(m²·day) while N₂O varied between 0.4 ± 0.1 and 1.6 ± 0.6 mg N₂O/(m²·day). Weighted emissions (t CO₂-e) were 63%-90% N₂O dominated implying that a reduction in N₂O inputs and/or nitrogen availability in the bays may significantly reduce the bays' greenhouse gas (GHG) budget. Emissions data for tropical and subtropical systems is still scarce. This work found subtropical bays to be significant aquatic sources of both CH₄ and N₂O and puts the estimated fluxes into the global context with measurements done from other climatic regions.     

川中丘陵地区冬水田甲烷排放特征研究

以川中丘陵地区典型冬水田为对象,设置了有水稻常规施肥(RF)、无水稻常规施肥(NP)、有水稻无氮肥(NN)3种处理,以静态暗箱-气相色谱法对甲烷(CH_4)排放进行了原位观测.结果表明,RF、NP和NN处理下CH_4排放通量分别为-0.0042~18.29、0.03~16.78和0.10~26.76mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1),平均排放通量分别为10.22、4.25和14.15 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)(以每平方米每小时消耗/产生的C量(mg)计),水稻生长季是主要排放期,但休闲季CH_4排放量仍占全年CH_4总排放量的14%.没有水稻处理的CH_4排放量显著低于有水稻处理(p0.01);而不施氮肥处理的CH_4排放量显著高于施肥处理(p0.01).CH_4排放通量与5 cm深土壤温度呈显著正相关(p0.01),随着温度的升高,甲烷排放量呈指数增加.CH_4排放通量与1~4 cm的稻田水深呈显著负相关(p0.01),随着水深的增加,甲烷的排放呈指数迅速下降;而与4~8 cm的稻田水深无相关性,甲烷的排放也变化缓慢.由此表明,土壤温度和水深在很大程度上调控着CH_4的排放.此外,研究结果也显示将冬水田休闲期改为旱作可减少CH_4排放,对环境有利.     

地下水位和土壤温度对若尔盖泥炭地CH4排放的影响

为了深入分析环境因子对湿地CH₄排放产生的影响,利用中型试验生态系对若尔盖典型泥炭地开展地下水位和土壤温度控制试验,比较不同条件下泥炭地2012年生长季(5—10月)CH₄排放通量的月变化情况. 结果表明:高水位(土壤表面0 cm)下CH₄排放通量最高,中水位(地表以下10 cm)下次之,低水位(地表以下20 cm)下最低;其中,10月CH₄排放通量变化不明显,不同地下水位下泥炭地的CH₄排放通量均在7月达到最大值,并且均呈明显的单峰曲线,高、中、低地下水位下CH₄排放通量平均值分别为6.263 3、4.754 4和3.949 8 mg/(m2·h). 而且,在一定温度范围内,不同地下水位条件下CH₄排放通量随土壤温度的升高均呈指数式增长. 其中,高水位下CH₄排放通量对土壤温度变化最为敏感,中水位下次之,低水位下相对最不敏感. 研究显示,若尔盖泥炭地CH₄排放通量表现出明显的季节性变化差异,并且季节性升温和涨水均会促进CH₄排放通量的增加.      

闽江河口短叶茳芏湿地及其围垦的养虾塘CH4排放通量的比较

以闽江河口鳝鱼滩的短叶茳芏湿地及由其围垦而成的养虾塘为研究对象,2016年5月—2017年3月,分别采用静态箱-气相色谱法和悬浮箱/静态箱-气相色谱法对短叶茳芏湿地和养虾塘白天CH_4排放通量进行观测,并同步测定短叶茳芏湿地和养虾塘水体/沉积物理化指标.观测期间短叶茳芏湿地和养虾塘均表现为大气中CH_4的排放源,释放量变化范围分别为1.09~38.38 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)和0.01~65.38 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1),均值分别为(11.67±1.99)mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)和(18.69±4.84)mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1),重复测量方差分析统计结果表明:虽然在整个观测时间尺度上,养虾塘CH_4排放通量与短叶茳芏湿地无显著性差异(p0.05),但是在养殖期养虾塘CH_4排放通量显著高于同期短叶茳芏湿地(p0.05),增加了68.0%.短叶茳芏湿地CH_4排放通量与沉积物温度、间隙水总磷含量呈显著正相关关系(p0.01),养虾塘水-气界面CH_4排放通量与养殖水水深呈显著负相关关系(p0.01).亚热带河口感潮沼泽湿地围垦成为陆基养虾塘后增加了CH_4排放通量.     

初冬时期闽江河口区养殖塘排水后的CH4和N2O通量日变化特征

排水活动是河口区养殖塘鱼、虾捕获后的重要管理方式之一.为探讨排水活动对河口区养殖塘温室气体通量的影响,采用静态(悬浮)箱-气相色谱法对初冬时期闽江河口区的未排干和排干养殖塘温室气体(CH_4和N_2O)通量日变化特征进行原位观测.结果表明,(1)未排干与排干养殖塘CH_4通量范围分别介于0.04~0.10 mg·(m~2·h)~(-1)和14.04~33.72 mg·(m~2·h)~(-1),均值分别为(0.07±0.01)mg·(m~2·h)~(-1)和(24.74±2.33)mg·(m~2·h)~(-1),均表现为大气库中CH_4释放源,呈现夜高昼低的特征;(2)未排干养殖塘N_2O通量范围和均值分别介于-0.027~0.011 mg·(m~2·h)~(-1)和(0.002±0.004)mg·(m~2·h)~(-1),整体上呈现昼低夜高的特征,而排干养殖塘N_2O通量范围和均值分别介于0.59~1.76 mg·(m~2·h)~(-1)和(1.07±0.15)mg·(m~2·h)~(-1),整体上呈现昼高夜低的特征.以上研究结果初步揭示,排干初期的河口区养殖塘排水活动不仅显著增加温室气体(CH_4和N_2O)排放强度,也可以显著改变养殖塘温室气体通量的日动态特征.     

亚热带浅水池塘水-气界面甲烷通量特征

为研究亚热带富营养化浅水池塘水-气界面CH_4释放通量特征,以宜昌地区5个浅水池塘为对象,利用静态通量箱法进行了为期一年的水-气界面CH_4通量监测.结果表明,这5个池塘CH_4的年释放量分别为4.495、12.702、6.827、8.920、17.560 mg·(m~2·h)~(-1).其中扩散通量分别为0.075、0.087、0.118、0.086、0.151 mg·(m~2·h)~(-1),冒泡通量分别为4.420、12.616、6.709、8.834、17.409 mg·(m~2·h)~(-1),CH_4冒泡量占CH_4释放总量的98%以上,并且CH_4释放量明显高于其他水域生态系统(湖泊、水库).可见在富营养化浅水水域中,CH_4释放量较大,且冒泡排放是CH_4的主要排放方式,而只关注扩散排放而忽略冒泡排放则会大大低估CH_4释放量.     

喀斯特石漠化治理区土壤CH4和CO2排放研究

本研究采用静态密闭箱-气相色谱法,于2016年12月到2017年11月对重庆市南川石漠化治理示范区4个岩溶碳汇试验区(金银花地JYH、人工造林地杨树林YSL、坡改梯PGT、经济作物花椒林地HJ)及3个对照区(荒地HD、非坡改梯FPGT、弃耕地QGD)的土壤甲烷、二氧化碳的浓度及排放通量进行原位观测,探讨我国南方喀斯特石漠化地区甲烷和二氧化碳浓度分布和时空排放规律,及岩溶区土壤温度、土壤含水率等环境因子对甲烷、二氧化碳排放的影响。结果表明:不同植被类型下土壤CO_2的浓度范围为5 003. 64～19 163. 23 mg/m~3,土壤CH_4的浓度范围为5. 35～7. 46 mg/m~3。土壤CO_2的排放通量具有随季节变化土壤CO_2排放通量随季节明显变化,在一定范围内土壤温度及土壤含水率都与CO_2排放通量呈显著正相关关系。土壤CH_4释放速率没有明显的季节变化规律,在个别月份出现显著变化表现为巨大的源与汇,主要是受到土壤温度、土壤含水率及土壤微生物的共同影响。     

2010年中国机动车CH4和N2O排放清单

中国大部分机动车温室气体排放研究都集中于CO₂排放,对于CH₄和N₂O等排放的研究鲜见. 以中国机动车污染防治年报(2011年)、中国汽车工业年鉴(2011年)、中国统计年鉴(2011年)以及交通运输部发布的相关信息和数据(2011年)等为基础,结合文献调研和2008─2010年对北京、广州等国内10余座典型城市的实地调查结果,获得2010年我国机动车活动水平及排放特征. 基于上述基础信息,解析得到按不同车型、燃料和车龄分布的机动车保有量、年均行驶里程及排放因子,建立2010年中国机动车CH₄和N₂O排放清单. 结果表明:2010年中国机动车CH₄和N₂O排放量分别为23.90×104和6.01×104t,折算成CO₂分别为501.99×104和1862.51×104t. 不确定性分析则显示,中国CH₄排放量在18.21×104～27.52×104t之间,N₂O排放量在4.32×104～7.62×104t之间. 在机动车中,汽车CH₄和N₂O排放量最大,分担率(某车型污染物排放量占机动车排放总量的比例)分别为77.99%和94.22%,而摩托车和农用车排放分担率较小. 在各类汽车中,CH₄排放主要来源于轻型汽油车和天然气出租车,二者的排放分担率分别为47.98%和23.42%;N₂O排放则主要源于轻型汽油车,其分担率为73.09%. 因此,轻型汽油车是削减机动车CH₄和N₂O排放的重点车型,同时天然气出租车也应作为控制CH₄排放的主要车型.      

不同污水处理工艺非二氧化碳温室气体的释放

甲烷和氧化亚氮是两种重要的非二氧化碳温室气体.城市污水处理厂是甲烷和氧化亚氮的重要释放源.因此,为探究不同污水处理工艺甲烷和氧化亚氮的释放现状和变化规律,通过浮流式表面集气罩对西安市第三污水处理厂（Orbal氧化沟工艺）和第四污水处理厂（A/A/O工艺）生物处理过程中甲烷和氧化亚氮的排放情况进行测定,比较不同污水处理工艺中非二氧化碳温室气体的释放情况,并以第四污水处理厂为例研究溶解氧、温度对非二氧化碳温室气体释放量的影响.结果表明,西安市第三污水处理厂每m³进水释放甲烷1181 mg（以CH₄计）、氧化亚氮36.20 mg（以N₂O计）,西安市第四污水处理厂每m³进水释放甲烷209 mg（以CH₄计）、氧化亚氮54.64 mg（以N₂O计）.温度、曝气方式、溶解氧浓度、亚硝酸盐氧化速率和最大产甲烷活性是甲烷和氧化亚氮释放量的重要影响因素.     

北京地区春季稻稻田甲烷排放的研究

观测不同农业管理条件下,北京地区春季稻稻田甲烷的排放通量。以当地农民所惯用的管理方式为代表,排放通量为８．７ｍｇ／（Ｍ＾２．ｈ）。甲烷排放有季节性变化,以分蘖期和扬花期为峰值,土壤氧化还原电位的变化与甲烷排放有很好的相关性,施用过量的有机肥会增加排放,采用科学的间歇灌溉方式可以增产并降低甲烷的排放旱直播技术虽可大大降低甲烷和但影响水稻产量,有待进一步的研究。     

杭州西溪湿地CH4、CO2通量及其主要影响因子

本研究采用便携式温室气体分析仪连接通量箱在线监测杭州西溪湿地CH_4、CO_2通量日变化及季节变化,同时也对包括有机碳含量、湿度、孔隙度、比重、p H、Eh在内的潜在影响因子进行了研究。结果表明,通常情况下,CH_4、CO_2通量的变化分别为-0.001 9~0.035 3mg/(m~2·h)和-109.76~442.55mg/(m~2·h);CH_4、CO_2通量的变化存在明显正相关关系。CH_4通量的季节变化表现为夏季秋季春季冬季;CO_2通量的季节变化表现为夏季春季冬季秋季。土壤湿度是影响CH_4通量变化的重要因子,通常湿度越大,CH_4通量越大;在生长季维管植物有助于CH_4的氧化;西溪湿地土质差异也使CH_4、CO_2通量排放有所差异,具体表现在土壤有机碳含量相差较大,而土壤中有机碳的含量与CH_4产生潜力呈显著正相关。     

三峡水库两条支流水-气界面CO2、CH4通量比较初探

三峡水库是亚热带气候背景下的超大型水库,其水生生态系统碳循环过程存在显著的时空异质性.本研究于2010年6月～2011年5月对三峡水库两条支流(龙溪河、澎溪河)水-气界面CO2、CH4通量特征进行了1 a的定位跟踪观测与比较分析.研究发现,位于三峡水库库尾变动回水区的龙溪河CO2、CH4通量年均值分别为(7.30±1.89)mmol·(m2.h)-1、(0.11±0.095)mmol·(m2.h)-1.而位于三峡水库库中常年回水区的澎溪河CO2、CH4通量年均值分别为(0.71±0.46)mmol·(m2.h)-1、(0.007 4±0.001 7)mmol·(m2.h)-1.龙溪河的温室气体通量水平显著高于澎溪河,季节性变化剧烈,幅度也显著大于澎溪河.相比澎溪河,龙溪河回水区极不稳定的水力、生境条件让浮游植物难以稳定生长,其水体固碳能力显著受限;加之龙溪河受淹区域土壤有机质、全氮含量以及单位流域面积内污染负荷程度均显著高于澎溪河,共同导致了龙溪河温室气体通量水平普遍高于澎溪河流域.两条支流CH4通量的主要影响因素仍需进一步研究.