不同土地利用方式下土壤腐殖质作为胞外电子穿梭体的持续能力分析

由于腐殖质的氧化还原活性官能团可以在连续的缺氧和有氧交替中将电子从微生物可持续地传递到氧气,土地利用方式可以影响土壤腐殖质的电子转移能力,但土地利用方式是否会影响土壤腐殖质作为胞外电子穿梭体的持续能力尚不明晰.选取水稻地、葡萄园和杨梅园的土壤,采用微生物还原和氧气氧化的循环周期试验,评估土壤中胡敏酸(HA)和富里酸(FA)作为胞外电子穿梭体的持续能力对不同土地利用方式土壤的响应.结果表明:土壤腐殖质作为胞外电子穿梭体的持续能力在Shewanella oneidensis MR-1和Shewanella putrefaciens 200两种微生物体系下并无明显差异,但在水稻地、葡萄园和杨梅园间具有显著差异.水稻地、葡萄园和杨梅园土壤中HA作为胞外电子穿梭体的持续能力分别为75.9%、80.5%和72.1%,FA作为胞外电子穿梭体的持续能力分别为58.2%、62.2%和62.9%.该结果可能是由不同土地利用方式下土壤腐殖质的组成、分解和转化过程以及微生物电子供体碳源驱动的动力学过程差异造成的.研究显示,不同土地利用方式下腐殖质作为胞外电子穿梭体的持续能力具有显著差异,且HA作为胞外电子穿梭体的持续能力明显强于FA,可通过环境调控措施形成HA,以实现土壤污染物的降解转化.      

Effect of lime application on microbial community in acidic tea orchard soils in comparison with those in wasteland and forest soils

Lime application is a conventional technology to control acidification in tea orchard soils. We investigated the e ect of lime application on soil microbial community diversity in the soils of three tea orchards, wasteland and forest. The BIOLOG data showed that both the average well color development of all carbon sources and the functional diversity index increased with the liming rate in the tea orchards and the forest, but decreased in the wasteland. The phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis showed that the structural diversity index of soil microbial community increased with the liming rate in all the tea orchards, the wasteland and the forest. Lime application also increased the soil-bacterial PLFA content in all the soils. Soil fungal and actinomycete PLFAs in the tea orchards showed an increasing trend from 0 to 3.2 g CaCO3/kg application and then a decreasing trend from 3.2 to 6.4 g CaCO3/kg application. The principal component analysis of BIOLOG and PLFA data suggested that lime application had a significant e ect on soil microbial community structure, and land use had a greater e ect on soil microbial community structure compared to lime application.     

土地集约利用程度对华北潮土农田土壤微生物群落丰度和死生物物质积累的影响

土壤微生物决定着土壤生态系统的养分周转状况,其死生物物质在土壤有机碳(SOC)积累中发挥关键作用.然而,目前缺乏对土壤微生物群落丰度及其死生物物质如何响应农业土地集约利用程度调整的了解.为弥补这一知识缺口,基于土地集约化利用程度,设置小麦-玉米周年轮作(CC)、临时草地与小麦种植交替(TG)和多年生草地(PG)这3个处理开展长期定位试验,采用基于数字PCR和微生物标志物氨基糖的检测技术,以探究农业土地集约利用程度调整对土壤细菌和真菌数量,以及细菌、真菌和总微生物死生物物质C积累及其对土壤SOC封存贡献的影响,进一步明确驱动细菌、真菌和总微生物死生物物质C积累的关键因子.结果表明,与土壤细菌群落丰度相比,真菌群落丰度受到农业土地集约利用程度调整的强烈影响,随土地集约利用程度的降低而增加.在3种土地集约利用程度处理下,土壤总微生物死生物物质C均主导SOC积累,对SOC的贡献率分别达到52.78%、 58.36%和68.87%,呈现随土地集约利用程度降低而升高的趋势;真菌死生物物质C占总微生物死生物物质C的比例均大于80%,说明其对总微生物死生物物质C的绝对主导地位,且受土地集约利用程度降低...     

Response of soil microorganisms to vegetational succession in Ziwuling Forest

This study investigates the changes in soil microbial populations as vegetational succession progress from abandoned farmland to climax forest in the Ziwuling Forest, which is located in the northern part of the Loess Plateau, China. Different organic C and total extractable N between the fumigated and non-fumigated soils were assumed to be released from soil microorganisms. Soil microbial C was calculated using Kec = 0.38 and microbial N was calculated using Ken = 0.45. The released P was converted to microbial biomass P using Kep = 0.40. Soil bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes increased as the vegetational succession progressed. Microbial C was of the highest amount in farmland. Microbial C, N, and P generally increased from abandoned land to climax community. The results indicated significant (P < 0.05) diversities of soil microbial biomass under different vegetation. There was a significant correlation between microbial biomass and soil nutrients. Knowledge about soil microbial populations is important for forecasting vegetational succession and determining the ecological condition of the environment.     

根瘤菌对紫花苜蓿修复钼污染土壤的强化作用研究

采用温室盆栽试验方法,通过设置4个处理组(M:紫花苜蓿; R_1:根瘤菌(土壤质量的4%); MR_1:根瘤菌R_1+紫花苜蓿; MR_2:根瘤菌R_2(土壤质量的10%)+紫花苜蓿)和一个土壤对照组(CK)对比研究了根瘤菌对紫花苜蓿富集土壤中钼(Mo)的强化作用.结果表明, Mo污染下(500 mg·kg~(-1))根瘤菌促进了紫花苜蓿的生长及其钼富集能力,土壤钼转运系数(TA)和富集因子(BCF)与对照组相比分别提高了30.54%～38.94%及17.45%～19.16%.与对照组相比,各处理组均降低了土壤中钼的含量(0.23%～2.35%),其中根瘤菌紫花苜蓿组合系统修复后的土壤中.钼剩余含量较对照组降低了1.89%～2.35%.根瘤菌一方面促进了重金属钼由水溶态向中间过渡态的转变(0.07%～0.43%),有利于紫花苜蓿对钼的生物富集,同时增大了土壤残渣态钼的比例(0.06%～1.60%),降低了钼对紫花苜蓿的生物毒性.各处理组均提高了钼胁迫下土壤微生物的数量,增强了土壤酶活性.根瘤菌与紫花苜蓿组合修复系统不仅能有效降低土壤重金属钼含量,而且还可以促进土壤微生物生态功能的多样性.因此,该修复技术在重金属钼污染土壤修复工程中具有一定的应用潜力.     

泗顶矿区6种土地利用类型土壤微生物群落结构特征

以广西柳州泗顶铅锌矿区的玉米地、菜地、灌木、尾矿库、森林和柑橘园6种不同利用类型土壤为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术,分析了不同土地利用类型土壤微生物群落结构特征及土壤环境因子对微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,变形菌门（Proteobacteria）是6种土壤的优势菌门,所占比例为31.34%~53.47%,γ-变形菌纲（Gammaproteobacteria）为优势菌纲.冗余分析表明,在重金属含量最高的灌木区,厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）的丰度与土壤中铅、锌、镉、铜的含量呈现显著正相关;在土壤钠和钾含量较高的玉米地和菜地,浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）的丰度有所增加,而厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的丰度则有所下降.在土壤有机质含量较高而总氮、总磷含量较低的柑橘园,酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）和疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobia）的丰度较高.芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）和浮霉菌门的丰度与土壤pH值呈显著正相关.研究结果表明土地利用类型及土壤环境因子对土壤微生物群落结构多样性有显著的影响.     

Changes in pest management practice in almond orchards during the rainy season in California,USA

In California, regulatory agencies are concerned about organophosphate (OP) contamination of surface water. OPs originate in part from applications on dormant almond and stone fruit orchards that are washed off during winter rainstorms. Programs conducted by the University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Project, University of California Cooperative Extension, and the Biologically Integrated Orchard Systems (BIOS), a coalition of public and private groups, have promoted the replacement of OPs on almonds during the rainy season with alternative practices. Data from individual applicator records from the California Pesticide Use Reports demonstrated that during 1992–1997, almond growers in all nine major almond-producing counties significantly reduced use of OPs. The area of almond orchards treated with OPs during the dormant season was reduced by 40–55%, depending upon the region. Similarly, the percentage of growers who used OPs during the dormant season was reduced by 31–48%, and the mass of OPs applied to almond orchards during the dormant season was reduced by 22–57%. During the same period, there was a significant increase in the percentage of growers who used “reduced-risk” treatments: the microbial pesticide Bacillus thuringiensis at bloom-time, oil without an insecticide during the dormant season, and no treatment during the dormant or bloom season. In addition to the decrease in OPs during the dormant season, there was a significant decrease in the area treated with OPs during the growing season. However, there was also a significant increase in the use of pyrethroids during the dormant season, a practice that might result in some surface water and sediment contamination.     

黄土塬区土地利用变化对硝态氮累积和淋溶的影响

为了分析黄土塬区土地利用变化对土壤中NO₃--N迁移规律的影响,在陕西长武黄土塬区沿东西方向设置6个样地,每个样地内均选择耕地、由耕地转变来的果龄10 a和20 a左右的苹果园(下称耕地、10 a果园和20 a果园)3种土地利用方式采集土壤样品,分析土地利用变化对NO₃--N迁移的影响,并初步评估其对地下水污染的潜在风险. 结果表明:不同土地利用方式下土壤中NO₃--N均出现累积现象,达到累积峰时的土层深度表现为果园＞耕地,NO₃--N最大累积量表现为20 a果园＞10 a果园＞耕地. 耕地、10 a果园和20 a果园土壤w(NO₃--N)平均稳定深度分别为300、400和500 cm,平均稳定值分别为2.4、2.5和2.6 mg/kg. 地下水中ρ(NO₃-)为15.3 mg/L,而3种土地利用方式下土壤中ρ(可移动态NO₃-)分别为14.2、26.2和26.3 mg/L,可见,与耕地相比,果园土壤中NO₃--N淋溶至地下水的风险更大. 但由于土地利用变化导致的土壤水分运动和地下水补给存在差异,各土地利用方式对地下水中NO₃--N的贡献率尚需进一步量化.      

The role of plant leaf attributes in linking land use to ecosystem function in temperate grassy vegetation

We tested predictions of the relative changes in plant leaf traits in response to land uses in Australian eucalypt grassy ecosystems. Predictions were determined from responses observed in European landscapes in relation to disturbances associated with agricultural land uses. We measured specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) across five land uses: reference sites (closest to pre-European state), native pastures (unfertilized), fertilized pastures, sown pastures (cultivated and fertilized) and enriched grassland (previously fertilized, no longer grazed). Leaves were expected to have higher SLA and lower LMDC at sites with increasing fertility and/or disturbance.The predictions were confirmed, with SLA increasing progressively in land uses associated with (1) grazing; (2) grazing and fertilization; (3) grazing, fertilization and cultivation. Values for LDMC were closely (but inversely) correlated with those of SLA. For both traits, there were relationships with available soil phosphorus but not with soil total nitrogen. The positive correlation of SLA with phosphorus was not evident above 30 mg kg⁻¹, the recommended level of phosphorus for improved pastures.Results confirm patterns of leaf-trait response to disturbance that reflect fundamental constraints to plant survival in habitats with different levels of resources and disturbances. A conservative strategy for low productivity undisturbed habitats is associated with low SLA and high dry matter content in contrast to fertile disturbed habitats which select for high SLA and low dry matter content. The changes in leaf traits across land uses resulted from species substitution rather than variation within species across sites, and most notably the replacement of native by annual exotic species as land use intensifies.Recommended fertilization rates for pasture production convert the ground layer to plants with soft, digestible leaves, that are responsive to fertilizer and desirable for livestock production. However, fertilization also drastically reduces the diversity of native plants and annual plants tend to dominate. The trade-off associated with high production includes increased vulnerability to soil erosion, due to reduced plant cover and low persistence of cover. If alternative ecosystem values such as erosion control, water quality, salinity control and biodiversity persistence are required, incentives may be needed to offset the loss of production that can be gained from fertilizer application.     

土地利用变化后不同种植年限香榧土壤微生物群落的组成及多样性

为探究毛竹林改种香榧后以及香榧种植年限的增加对土壤微生物群落结构特征的影响,并研究其与土壤肥力因子的关系,运用高通量测序技术,研究毛竹林、香榧5a、香榧+山稻5a、香榧10a和香榧30a 土地利用方式下土壤微生物群落组成及多样性的变化.结果表明土地利用改变后,土壤中细菌群落的Shannon指数和Chao l指数显著增加...     

基于RS和GIS的陕西省洛川县土地利用类型和植被覆盖变化特征

明确土地利用类型转变和植被覆盖度变化的范围、幅度和归因是评估生态工程环境效应的前提。然而,在黄土高原塬区县域尺度类似的研究鲜有报道。基于长时间序列NDVI数据和Landsat系列卫星数据,探究了黄土高原洛川县土地利用和植被覆盖度的变化状况。结果表明：退耕还林（草）工程实施以来,洛川县植被覆盖度从0.6（2000年）增至0.9（2020年）,耕地面积减少了481.8 km²,其中212.8 km²为坡度＜15°的适耕区转为苹果园,耕地改种苹果后植被覆盖度从0.5增至0.8。由于坡耕地还林草的面积在洛川县土地变化总面积中仅占1.5%,远小于其他地类改种苹果的面积（占20.0%）,因此,洛川县植被覆盖度的提升主要是政府大力推广苹果树种植的结果。本研究可为黄土高原经济林建设提供基础数据和科学参考。     

黄土丘陵沟壑区苜蓿地土壤水分环境效应

根据田间试验资料,分析研究了黄土丘陵沟壑区苜蓿地土壤水分的周年变化规律,并以休闲地和几种一年生作物地作为对照进行对比研究,得出以下主要结论:①雨季降水对苜蓿地土壤水分的补给起着重要的作用,其土壤贮水量动态与年内的降雨周期相吻合,但总体上朝着土壤不断干化的方向发展;②经过一个雨季,苜蓿地的土壤贮水量与平均含水量分别呈不同程度的下降,而休闲地与4月份持平;③相同的降水对不同作物地的补给效果不同,以3m土层计算,苜蓿地的农田蒸散量与谷子、玉米相当,比豆子地高,但要低于高粱地;④长期种植苜蓿引起的深层土壤干化问题必须引起足够的重视,干化土地的水分恢复不是一朝一夕的事情。     

黄土高原半湿润区苜蓿草地土壤干层形成及氮素消耗研究

为掌握苜蓿连续种植多年土壤干层的形成规律及氮素的消耗规律,促进黄土高原地区苜蓿草地合理施肥及草田轮作,论文系统研究了3年、4年、6年、12年、14年、18年及26年生紫花苜蓿草地土壤干层及氮素的消耗。结果表明:黄土高原地区土壤干层可分为轻度干层（9~11%）、中度干层（7~9%）、重度干层（<7%）三级。荒地在80~100cm土层,出现轻度干层;苜蓿草地土壤干层出现的区域为140~600cm土层,随生长年限的延长,土壤干层厚度向下延伸,干化程度加剧,苜蓿生长至12年,出现中度干层,干层范围达到500cm土层。不同生长年限苜蓿草地土壤碱解氮含量呈现规律性的变化,即随土层深度的增加,碱解氮含量下降,300cm土层以下,变化趋势平缓;苜蓿生长至26年,0~200cm土壤上层的氮素有一定恢复,而200~1000cm深层土壤氮素难以恢复。研究表明,在黄土高原半湿润区紫花苜蓿生长6年以后,应对苜蓿草地进行合理施肥,实施粮草轮作,以维持土壤氮素平衡,持续提高土地生产力水平。     

黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区植被间土壤水分竞争

通过对黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区4 种相邻植被条带（撂荒地、柠条地、苜蓿地、农地）0~4m土壤剖面含水量和地上生物特征的测定分析,研究不同植被之间的水分竞争关系。结果表明：水平方向上,撂荒地和农地土壤含水量随着靠近柠条地和苜蓿地呈下降趋势,且柠条对临近撂荒地土壤水分影响的水平距离至少有6 m。而深根性植物柠条和苜蓿相邻处测点的土壤含水量在所有测点中最低。此外,通过对地上生物特征分析,临近农地的苜蓿和临近撂荒地的柠条有较高的生物指标,证明这两种深根系植物吸收利用了相邻地块的土壤水分。因此,柠条和苜蓿对土壤水分竞争激烈,不宜搭配种植,而深根-浅根植物搭配扩大了深根系植物根系吸水空间,有利于其生长。     

绿洲边缘不同土地利用方式下的土壤质量变化及分析

绿洲化进程加剧导致绿洲边缘土地覆被状况发生变化,为探讨绿洲边缘不同土地利用方式对土壤属性及土壤质量的影响,以塔里木盆地南缘策勒绿洲边缘人为垦殖的棉田、果园、沙拐枣林地及自然状态下骆驼刺覆被样地等4种土地利用方式为研究对象,利用土壤质量相对指数(RI)及土壤质量综合指数(SQI)分别探讨各样地间在0～20 cm、20～40 cm、40～60 cm内土壤质量变化状况;同时利用分形理论对各样地表层土壤的粒径分布(PSD)属性进行分析.结果表明,土壤有机质及总氮指标在各样地间均存在显著性差异;各样地每层土壤的RI及SQI排序相同,棉田及果园利用方式对0～20 cm的土壤质量有明显促进作用;但随着土壤深度增加,自然覆被骆驼刺样地土壤质量逐渐高于其余样地;而对自然植被进行替代的沙拐枣林地,其各层土壤指标及土壤质量均处于最低水平,表层土壤PSD分形维数分析也表明沙拐枣林地保持土壤细粒成分能力最差.     

土地利用方式对喀斯特山区土壤养分及有机碳活性组分的影响

通过对喀斯特山区5种土地利用方式(林地、 花椒林、 火龙果林、 退耕草丛和旱地)土壤养分和活性组分含量的比较研究,探讨了土壤质量对土地利用变化的响应。结果表明,林地土壤养分和活性组分含量最高,其中土壤有机碳、 微生物生物量碳、 氮、 磷、 易氧化有机碳和可溶性有机碳含量分别为44.80 g·kg^-1、 477.86 mg·kg^-1、 102.87 mg·kg^-1、 17.54 mg·kg^-1、 7.72 g·kg^-1和166.43 mg·kg^-1,土壤养分和活性组分含量总体按花椒林、 火龙果林、 退耕草丛和旱地依次下降。除旱地与经自然恢复15 a的退耕草丛土壤养分和活性组分含量较为接近,大多未达显著差异水平外,其他土地利用方式间土壤养分和活性组分均存在显著差异。冗余分析表明,土壤有机碳是影响活性组分变化的主要影响因子;花椒林对土壤养分和活性组分的累积效应仅次于林地,且明显高于火龙果林和旱地。研究阐明了喀斯特土壤的自然修复是一个非常缓慢的过程,需辅以必要的造林措施加速其恢复,花椒林可以作为喀斯特山区农业生产或生态恢复过程中优先考虑的植被类型。     

植被恢复对侵蚀型红壤碳吸存及活性有机碳的影响

依托江西水土保持生态科技园,研究了侵蚀型红壤退化裸地恢复为百喜草地、柑橘果园和湿地松林后,0~100 cm深度范围内不同土层(0~10、>10~20、>20~40、>40~70和>70~100 cm)中w(TOC)(TOC为总有机碳)以及表层(0~40 cm)土壤中活性有机碳组分含量的变化. 结果表明:①退化裸地土壤中w(TOC)和有机碳库储量分别仅为4.73 g/kg和48.41 t/hm2,均处于较低水平,w(TOC)的垂直分布特征也不明显;恢复为百喜草地和柑橘园后,w(TOC)分别增至7.08和7.69 g/kg,有机碳库储量分别增至55.09和70.78 t/hm2,并且植被恢复对表层土壤中w(TOC)影响显著,而对深层(>40 cm)土壤影响有限. ②以退化裸地为对照,百喜草地和柑橘果园土壤碳吸存量分别为6.68和22.36 t/hm2,平均碳吸存速率分别为0.51和1.72 t/(hm2·a);以保存较好的湿地松林为参照,退化裸地、百喜草地和柑橘果园土壤碳吸存潜力分别为23.71、17.03和1.34 t/hm2,说明严重侵蚀地的碳吸存潜力巨大. ③侵蚀型红壤退化裸地的植被恢复可积极促进表层土壤中DOC(水溶性有机碳)、MBC(微生物生物量碳)和POC(颗粒有机碳)的积累,同时该影响存在表聚效应,即植被恢复后土壤表层中活性有机碳组分含量在w(TOC)中所占比例增大.      

Increasing land pressure in East Africa: The changing role of cassava and consequences for sustainability of farming systems

Increasing land pressure during the past three to four decades has transformed farming systems in the mid-altitude zone of East Africa. Traditional millet-, cotton-, sugarcane- and/or banana-based farming systems with an important fallow and/or grazing component have evolved into continuously cultivated cassava or cassava/maize-based systems. Within three to four decades, cassava cultivation increased from 1–11 to 16–55% of cropped fields in our six study sites. Declining soil fertility, and not labour or food shortage, was apparently the primary trigger for this transformation. The land use changes have increased nutrient offtakes and reduced nutrient recycling rates. Cassava and maize now account for 50–90% of nutrient removal. Whereas single-season fallows were the most important source of nutrient recycling on cropped fields in the past, currently cassava litterfall and maize stover contribute roughly 70% of nutrient recycling, with 50–70% of N, P and K recycled in cassava litterfall. This may explain why many farmers reason that cassava ‘rests’ the soil. With increasing land use pressure farmers progressively use cassava as an ‘imitation fallow’ throughout their farm. Farmers increasingly target cassava to poor fertility fields characterized by low pH and available P. High cassava intensities are nonetheless maintained on more fertile fields, probably to guarantee regeneration of soil fertility on all fields. Once cassava is targeted to poor fertility soils, farmers have run out of low-input management options and need to intensify management to maintain system productivity. As cassava is now used by more farmers and on a larger acreage than fallowing in the studied farming systems, cassava cropping could perhaps serve as an excellent entry point to strengthen system sustainability.     

非粮化利用下耕地土壤重金属分布特征、生态风险和来源解析

为探索非粮化利用下耕地土壤重金属含量分布特征和潜在生态风险.以非粮化问题突出的环杭州湾典型区域为例,采集并测定254个耕地0～20 cm表层土壤样品,分析粮食、苗木、蔬菜和水果这4种不同耕地利用类型的8项土壤重金属含量分布特征,通过内梅罗综合指数法和潜在生态风险指数法进行生态风险评价,并利用PMF模型解析重金属来源.结果表明,研究区耕地As、Cr、Cd、Cu、Hg、Ni和Zn含量平均值都高于土壤背景值,整体处于轻度污染状态,存在中度生态风险,其中Hg、Cd和As的单因素污染风险相对较高;不同耕地利用类型土壤重金属含量差异显著,潜在生态风险水平依次为：苗木>水果>蔬菜>粮食,非粮化利用会造成一定的重金属污染生态风险;研究区土壤重金属来源包括工业源(36.8%)、自然源(28.4%)、大气沉降源(21.4%)和农业源(13.4%).综合认为,化肥和农药施用量增长是耕地非粮化造成土壤重金属含量升高的直接原因,而耕地周边的工矿企业三废扩散和煤炭等能源燃烧导致的污染物大气沉降,更加速了研究区土壤重金属含量上升.     

福州滨海地区菜地和果园土壤碳、氮、磷含量及其生态化学计量学特征

不同农业土地利用方式土壤生态化学计量学特征对于表征土壤养分供应水平具有一定的指示作用,对农田生态系统养分资源管理具有重要意义.为了揭示菜地和果园两种农业土地利用方式土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量及其生态化学计量学特征,以福州市滨海地区菜地(芋头地、红薯地)和果园(橘树园、西瓜地、梨树园)为研究对象,对菜地和果园农业土地利用方式下土壤C、 N、 P含量及其生态化学计量特征进行测定与分析.结果表明,土壤C、 N含量基本表现为果园>菜地(P<0.05),其中橘树园土壤C含量最高(4.44 g·kg^-1),西瓜地土壤N含量最高(1.46 g·kg^-1).而土壤P含量基本表现为菜地>果园(P<0.05),其中红薯地土壤P含量最高(0.19 g·kg^-1);土壤碳氮比(C/N)、碳磷比(C/P)和氮磷比(N/P)均表现为果园>菜地(P<0.05),其中,橘树园土壤C/N(7.40)、 C/P(61.43)最高,西瓜地土壤N/P最高(10.27);不同农业土地利用方式下土壤N含量与容重和电导率...