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根据"十二五"期间淄博市环境空气自动监测数据,分别对可吸入颗粒物的日均浓度、月均浓度、季均浓度进行分析。结果表明:其日均浓度、月均浓度、季均浓度呈近似"U"型分布,在时间分布上呈现冬春污染较重、夏秋较轻的规律;同时,通过对可吸入颗粒物空间分布规律分析,得出淄博市具有南部、北部地区污染轻,中部、东部和西部地区污染重的特点。 相似文献
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公路隧道中可吸入颗粒物化学组分特征研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为了解公路隧道中可吸入颗粒物污染水平及化学组分特征,笔者于2006年9月1日在交通繁忙的石黄隧道中间及入口处进行了可吸入颗粒物(PM10)同步采样,并对样品进行了化学成分分析。根据PM10质量浓度监测以及样品的元素、OC\EC及离子成分分析结果,对隧道口及隧道中的PM10的污染状况和化学成分特征进行了对比分析。PM10浓度监测和化学成分分析结果表明:石黄隧道环境空气中PM10质量浓度明显高于隧道外的浓度,隧道内PM10污染比较严重;隧道内PM10的离子浓度明显低于隧道外,而OC、EC浓度则又明显高于隧道外,另外其元素中Ca、Al、Si等浓度也明显高于隧道外,这些化学成分特征显示,隧道内的PM10主要来源于机动车尾气及道路扬尘。 相似文献
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近年来淄博市由于加强了对二氧化硫和粉尘等污染物排放企业脱硫除尘的监管,可吸入颗粒物和二氧化硫浓度呈现逐年下降趋势,而燃煤量和机动车保有量的逐年增加使氮氧化物浓度呈现波动式上升趋势;四季分明的气候条件使淄博市的空气污染程度在一、四季度高于二、三季度;同时污染物浓度和风速、湿度呈负相关,和温度、气压呈正相关。 相似文献
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为探究颗粒物对昆明城区环境空气质量的影响,基于2015~2020年颗粒物质量浓度数据,利用Spearman相关性分析、冗余分析方法对颗粒物质量浓度时空变化特征及其驱动因素进行深入研究。结果表明:2015~2020年期间,可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、细颗粒物(PM2.5)质量浓度均呈现显著下降的变化趋势,年内旱季整体高于雨季,日内呈“双峰双谷”波动变化趋势且夜间显著高于白天;颗粒物质量浓度的主要影响因素是风速,并与降水量、相对湿度、气温呈现显著负相关,但也受到区域传输、人类活动等多种因素影响。未来,应分区域、分时段(旱季和雨季、昼间和夜间)制定差异化的污染管控措施,重点控制PM10质量浓度并使PM2.5质量浓度持续下降,为持续提升昆明城区环境空气质量水平提供科学依据。 相似文献
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以青岛市2001年至2010年大气环境中的主要污染物二氧化硫(SO2)、二氧化氮(NO2)和可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的监测结果为依据,对青岛市大气主要污染物变化趋势进行了分析,并利用模糊综合评价模型对各年大气环境质量状况进行了综合评价。研究结果表明:近10年来青岛市大气环境质量处于尚清洁状况,且在不断改善;受工业扬尘和建筑扬尘的影响,青岛市主要污染物是可吸入颗粒物PM10;以煤炭为主的能源结构加之落后的工艺设备等原因使得大气中二氧化硫的浓度一直处于较高的水平;随着青岛市机动车保有量的增长,以氮氧化物为特征的机动车尾气的污染日趋明显,因此,冬季采暖燃煤利用、机动车尾气控制及城市扬尘抑制仍是青岛市未来大气污染的治理重点,强化燃煤脱硫技术和改善机动车尾气排放是青岛市大气环境质量改善的关键。 相似文献
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运用脱钩理论和VAR模型,分析了北京三类空气污染物与经济增长之间的脱钩状态、相互间动态影响方向和程度。主要结论为:1SO_2和NO_2浓度经历了从强脱钩到弱脱钩的循环过程,SO_2浓度强脱钩年份稍多;PM10浓度经历了从强脱钩—弱脱钩—强脱钩—扩张连接的循环过程,三类污染物浓度均未出现持续强脱钩状态。2三类空气污染物和经济增长间均存在长期协整关系且呈负向,SO_2浓度弹性系数最大,其次是PM10浓度,最后是NO_2浓度,表明北京空气污染治理力度取得了部分成效。3脉冲响应分析结果表明,今后一段时期内,经济增长和三类空气污染物相互间的脉冲响应值总体上是负向的,并呈波动性变化趋势。方差分解结果表明,三类空气污染物对经济增长的方差分解贡献度逐步上升,SO_2浓度贡献度最大,其次是PM10浓度,NO_2浓度最小;经济增长对SO_2浓度方差分解的贡献度最大,其次是PM10浓度和NO_2浓度,均持续上升。 相似文献
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An Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI) was used during spring and autumn 2003 in the centre of Strasbourg for the measurement of atmospheric aerosols size distribution. The concentration of NO(x) and SO(2) in air was simultaneously measured with specific analysers. Samples were collected in the range 0.007-10 microm in equivalent aerodynamic diameter size. Number distributions are representative of a pollution originating from urban traffic with a particle size distribution exhibiting a nucleation mode below 29 nm and an accumulation mode around 80 nm in size. A mean particle density equal to 39000+/-35000 total particles per cm(3) with a size ranging from 7 to 10 microm was obtained after a sampling period of 2 weeks in spring. About 86.9% of the number of particles have an aerodynamic diameter below 0.1 microm and 13.1% between 0.1 and 1 microm. Correlation coefficients between the number of particles impacted on each ELPI plate and gas concentrations (SO(2) and NO(x)) showed that the numbers of particles with diameter between 0.10 and 0.62 microm are highly related to the NO(x) concentration. This result indicates that particles are traffic induced since NO(x) is mainly emitted by cars as shown by measurements on various sites. Particles are less clearly correlated to the SO(2) concentration. Particle analysis on different ELPI plates for a sampling period of 2 weeks in autumn showed high level of soluble NO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-) and NH(4)(+) ions. Indeed, up to 90% b.w. of these three species were found in the particle range 0.1-1 microm. The formation of particulate NH(4)NO(3) is favoured by high NO(x) concentration, which induces the formation of gaseous HNO(3). 相似文献
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通过程序升温反应考察活性炭负载铈(Ce/AC)催化剂选择性催化还原NO的性能。探讨反应温度、空速、NO初始浓度、O2浓度、NH3浓度以及SO2的存在对其催化性能的影响。实验结果表明,催化剂的催化活性随温度的上升而逐渐增加,在150℃后趋于平稳,NO转化率接近100%;NO进口浓度的增加,催化剂对NO的脱除效率有较小幅度下降;在没有氧气的存在时,NO的转化率只有20%左右,随着氧气的加入,转化率明显增加,当氧含量到1%以后,NO的转化率趋于平缓,稳定在90%以上;SO2对催化剂有很强的毒性,烟气中加入SO2后,催化剂对NO的去除率明显的下降。 相似文献
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In many freshwater ecosystems, the contents of NO3- and SO4(2-) have increased, whereas O2 has been depleted due to the increased acid and nutrient loads. These changes may affect carbon turnover and the dynamics of the major greenhouse gases CO2, CH4, and N2O. We studied the effects of O2, NO3-, and SO4(2-) availability on carbon mineralization, and fluxes of CO2, CH4, and N2O in the sediments of hyper-eutrophic Lake Kev?t?n, Finland. Undisturbed sediment cores from the deep (9 m) and shallow (4 m) profundal were incubated in a laboratory microcosm with oxic and anoxic water flows with NO3- or SO4(2-) concentrations of 0, 30, 100, 300, and 2000 microM. The carbon mineralization rate (i.e., the sum of released CO2-C and CH4-C) was not affected by the oxidants. However, the oxidants did change the pathways of carbon degradation and the release of CH4. All of the oxidants depressed CH4 fluxes in the shallow profundal sediments, which had low organic matter content. In the deep profundal sediments rich in organic matter, the CH4 release was reduced by O2 but was not affected by SO4(2-) (the effect of NO3- was not studied). There was an increase in N2O release as the overlying water NO3- concentration increased. Anoxia and highly elevated NO3- concentrations, associated with eutrophication, increased drastically the global warming potential (GWP) of the sedimentary gases in contrast to the SO4(2-) load, which had only minor effects on the GWP. 相似文献
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Impacts of pollution controls on air quality in Beijing during the 2008 Olympic Games 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shen J Tang A Liu X Kopsch J Fangmeier A Goulding K Zhang F 《Journal of environmental quality》2011,40(1):37-45
Air pollution has become one of the main environmental concerns in China since the 1980s due to China's rapid economic growth and resultant pollution. However, it is difficult to directly evaluate the anthropogenic contribution to air pollution in China. The 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing provided a unique opportunity for testing the contribution of anthropogenic pollution because of the clean-up controls on air quality in Beijing enforced over the period of the Games. In this case study, we monitored the concentrations of major air pollutants before, during, and after the Olympics at a suburban site in Beijing. Atmospheric concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, NH3, NO2, SO2, and the particulate ions NH4+, NO3-, SO4(2-) Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ all decreased during the Olympic period because of strict emission controls, compared with the same period from 2005 to 2007. For example, the average PM10 concentration (61 microg m(-3)) during the Olympics was only 37% of that (166 microg m(-3)) in the same month (August) from 2005 to 2007. However, just 1 mo and 1 yr after the Games had ended, mean concentrations of these pollutants had increased significantly again. This rapid "recovery' of air pollutant concentrations after the Olympics suggests that China needs to implement long-lasting decreases in its air pollution in Beijing and other major cities. 相似文献
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利用衡水市环境监测站2005—2007年度大气例行检测的数据,对衡水市大气中主要污染物SO^2、NO^2、PM10体积质量值的逐日数据进行统计分析,得出了衡水市空气污染的现状和时间变化规律:(1)污染物体积质量值的月变化曲线呈槽型分布,非取暖期的空气状况明显好于取暖期,取暖期SO^2平均体积质量是非取暖期的2.45倍;(2)污染物体积质量值的日变化曲线基本为两高两低型,其中取暖期污染指数早晨出现极高值的时间比非取暖期明显偏晚;(3)污染物体积质量值的年变化表明了SO^2的体积质量在降低,而NO^2的体积质量却有了小幅增长。 相似文献
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利用长沙市城区2011年及2012年连续自动监测获得的CO2数据,两年的平均值为412.2×10^-6,高于世界本底站青海瓦里关5.6%,与临安、无锡相当,略高于乌鲁木齐,而低于北京、上海。冬季CO2浓度日小时变化呈现双峰形态,峰值出现在上午9时及晚上19时~21时。夏季日小时变化为单峰形态,峰值出现在上午8时。冬季CO2浓度日均值为420.3×10^-6,比夏季高3.4%。CO2除与O3呈负相关以外,与其它污染物均呈现显著性正相关,特别是与CO、NO、NO2、NOx、SO2的相关性最强,而与颗粒物(PM10、PM25)的相关性稍差。 相似文献
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春节期间燃放烟花爆竹对南宁市环境空气的影响分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
根据2011年春节期间南宁市主要污染物(PM10、SO2、NO2)浓度,分析了燃放烟花爆竹对环境空气的影响。结果表明:除夕和元宵节大量燃放烟花爆竹能导致PM10在短时间内快速上升,但对SO2和NO2浓度的影响不明显。除夕期间23:00-2:00是PM10受燃放烟花爆竹影响最大时段,城市居民居住集中区PM10浓度远高于其他区域。 相似文献
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