模糊综合评价在脱硫技术优选中的应用

基于模糊数学的基本原理，采用模糊矩阵和专家打分法(德尔菲法)相结合的方法，通过模糊综合评价来进行脱硫方案的优选。实例计算表明，此方法在脱硫技术优选中是可行的。     

高层建筑物附近架空高压输电线路的走廊问题

采用镜像法实例计算了高层建筑物附近架空高压输电线路的工频电场和无线电干扰场强，并从电磁环评的角度对输电线路走廊的选择提出了一些建议。     

SBR法系统设计

文中提出SBR法设计参数应是充水时间及充水比,对于已知水质的污水也可以用充水期的污泥负荷作为设计参数。分析了SBR的工作,提出了污水贮存池最小容积、曝气池容积及曝气池进水泵抽水量的计算式,并举出了计算实例。     

物元分析在大气环境质量评价中的应用

将大气环境质量级别、评价指标及其特征值作为物元，根据大气环境质量标准建立关联函数，提出了一种用物元分析评价大气环境质量的方法。用实例与贴近度法及模糊综合评判法进行了对比，结果完全一致。     

环境治理工程评标的双基点模型及应用

动用多指标综合排序的双基点法，建立了环境治理工程评标的数学模型。应用实例表明，该模型可以为环境治理工程评标提供客观、合理的方法。     

超临界水氧化法处理有机污染物

介绍了超临界水氧化法处理有机污染物的基本原理，工艺流程和应用实例及使用范围，对比分析了超临界水氧化法与焚烧法处理有机污染物的技术特点，经济实用性，指明了超临界水氧化法作为一种有效的有机污染物处理方法，在化工环保等领域将具有广阔的应用前景。     

约束非线性规划实用算法与软件及其在环保上的应用

针对非线性规划的系统最优化理论,从工程实用化的角度优选了一种求解约束非线性规划问题的计算方法——可变容差法。详细分析了其算法的有效性和工程实用性;并在国外大型计算机软件成果的基础上,结合国内普及型微机的应用特点,研制出该算法的实用型微机软件。此外,还介绍了本微机软件的功能特点和在环保上应用计算的实例。     

AHP法在废水治理工程评价中的应用

应用层次分析法（ＡＨＰ）的原理，建立了废水处理工程的评价模型，并结合废水处理的实例进行了研究，结果证明了ＡＨＰ法是评价废水处理工程的有效方法。     

锅炉排烟温度高分析方法研究

介绍了锅炉排烟温度对锅炉热效率及发电厂经济性的影响，通过计算说明排烟温度对锅炉经济运行的重要性。通过实例重点介绍排烟温度高问题的诊断要点及引起排烟温度升高原因的分析方法。     

利用模糊综合相似选择法进行化工厂区环境质量评价

在介绍模糊综合相似选择法的基本原理和计算步骤的基础上，将该方法应用于某一化工厂区的环境质量评价中，并与密切值法、姚志麒法的评价结果进行比较，三种的结论完全一致，从而证明了模糊综合相似选择法在环境质量评价中应用的可行性和合理性。     

Stochastic Modeling Concepts in Groundwater and Risk Assessment: Potential Application to Marine Problems

Parameter uncertainty is ubiquitous in marine environmental processes. Failure to account for this uncertainty may lead to erroneous results, and may have significant environmental and economic ramifications. Stochastic modeling of oil spill transport and fate is, therefore, central in the development of an oil spill contingency plan for new oil and gas projects. Over the past twenty years, several stochastic modeling tools have been developed for modeling parameter uncertainty, including the spectral, perturbation, and simulation methods. In this work we explore the application of a new stochastic methodology, the first-order reliability method (FORM), in oil spill modeling. FORM was originally developed in the structural reliability field and has been recently applied to various environmental problems. The method has many appealing features that makes it a powerful tool for modeling complex environmental systems. The theory of FORM is presented, identifying the features that distinguish the method from other stochastic tools. Different formulations to the reliability-based stochastic oil spill modeling are presented in a decision-analytic context.     

Life cycle assessment of TV sets in China: A case study of the impacts of CRT monitors

Along with the rapid increase in both production and use of TV sets in China, there is an increasing awareness of the environmental impacts related to the accelerating mass production, electricity use, and waste management of these sets. This paper aims to describe the application of life cycle assessment (LCA) to investigate the environmental performance of Chinese TV sets. An assessment of the TV set device (focusing on the Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) monitor) was carried out using a detailed modular LCA based on the international standards of the ISO 14040 series. The LCA was constructed using SimaPro software version 7.2 and expressed with the Eco-indicator' 99 life cycle impact assessment method. For a sensitivity analysis of the overall LCA results, the CML method was used in order to estimate the influence of the choice of the assessment method on the results. Life cycle inventory information was compiled by Ecoinvent 2.2 databases, combined with literature and field investigations on the current Chinese situation. The established LCA study shows that the use stage of such devices has the highest environmental impact, followed by the manufacturing stage. In the manufacturing stage, the CRT and the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) are those components contributing the most environmental impacts. During the use phase, the environmental impacts are due entirely to the methods of electricity generation used to run them, since no other aspects were taken into account for this phase. The final processing step-the end-of-life stage-can lead to a clear environmental benefit when the TV sets are processed through the formal dismantling enterprises in China.     

LCA of selective waste collection systems in dense urban areas

This paper presents research concerning the environmental analysis of the selective collection management of municipal solid waste. The main goal of this study is to quantify and to compare, by means of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), the potential environmental impacts of three selective collection systems modelled on densely populated urban areas. These systems are: the mobile pneumatic, the multi-container and the door-to-door. Impact assessment method based on CML 2 baseline 2000 is applied to the different systems. The study separates and analyzes the collection systems in substages: two urban substages and one inter-city substage. At the urban level, the multi-container system has the least environmental impact of all systems. The mobile pneumatic system has greater environmental impacts in terms of global warming, fresh water aquatic ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, acidification and eutrophication. In this system, the pipes and the pneumatic transport have the greatest impacts. The door-to-door system has a greatest environmental impact in terms of abiotic depletion, ozone layer depletion and human toxicity. An overall evaluation of the three substages, with a sensitivity analysis, indicates that the mobile pneumatic system at an inter-city distance of 20 km shows the greatest environmental impacts and the greatest energy demand. Inter-city transport is key; the results show that from an inter-city distance of 11 km onwards, this becomes the substage which most contributes to global warming impact and energy demand, in all the systems.     

依靠技术进步 实行烧碱行业清洁生产

通过离子膜法与隔膜法制碱有关特性的比较，表明离子膜法制碱在技术，经济效益及环境效益方面均占有很大优势，是目前烧碱行业实行清洁的首工艺。     

氨法在燃煤电厂烟气治理中的应用和发展

燃煤排放的CO2、SO2、NOx等气态污染物会造成酸雨、温室效应、臭氧层破坏等一系列的大气环境问题。减少和抑制燃煤电厂燃烧过程中污染气体的排放，是实现清洁生产和能源可持续发展的基本需要。氨法烟气治理技术作为电厂排放烟气处理的新兴技术，以其污染物脱除效率高、耗能小、二次污染低、脱除副产品可资源化等特点，得到了越来越多的关注，并已在部分燃煤电厂得到成功的应用。对氨法脱除烟气中气态污染物技术进行了分析和总结，并对其应用前景进行了分析和预测，指出了氨法烟气治理技术在燃煤电厂烟气处理方面具有良好的经济、社会和环保效益，并具有广阔的发展前景。     

低温等离子体和催化剂协同作用处理有害气体

低温等离子体和催化剂协同作用技术具有分解效率高、能耗低、副产物少的优点而逐渐成为处理低浓度、大流量有害气体的重要方法。文章对反应机理、反应器的结构和在处理挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)、氮氧化合物等方面的研究进展做了概括,指出了该技术在环境治理方面的应用前景和发展方向。     

The life cycle assessment of an e-waste treatment enterprise in China

Electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) has become one of the fastest growing waste streams in the world, and many countries have established e-waste treatment enterprises to solve their e-waste problems. In this study, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was undertaken to quantitatively investigate the environmental impacts of an e-waste treatment enterprise in China. The LCA is constructed by SimaPro software version 7.2 and expressed with the Eco-indicator 99 life cycle impact assessment method. For a sensitivity analysis of the overall LCA results, the so-called CML method is used in order to estimate the influence of the choice of the assessment method on the result. According to the survey data, discarded TV sets accounted for the highest proportion of e-waste treated in the enterprise in 2010. The e-waste treatment had little environmental impact, and at the same time large environmental benefits can be achieved mainly due to the recycled resources and reuse of some components. Based on the research results, it can be seen that recycled metal, especially copper, would be of more importance for environmental benefits. Relevant results and data from this study could provide decision support to enterprise managers and government sectors.     

利用环境系统工程控制氨的流失

介绍了利用环境系统工程原理控制氨流失的方法。采用此法并采取一系列措施后，减少了氨的流失，取得了较好的环境、经济效益。     

Life Cycle Analysis of Extruded Films Based on Poly(lactic acid)/Cellulose Nanocrystal/Limonene: A Comparative Study with ATBC Plasticized PLA/OMMT Systems

Life cycle analysis (LCA) of limonene plasticized poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films containing cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) extracted, by acid hydrolysis, from Phormium tenax leaf fibres, was assessed and compared with the results of acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) plasticized PLA films, having equivalent mechanical properties, containing organo-modified montmorillonite (OMMT). Eco-Indicator 99 tool has been adopted as the main method for life cycle assessment. Results indicated that, despite CNC are biobased fillers obtained by natural sources, the related chemical extraction leads to a large environmental footprint and a relatively relevant energy expense. LCA characterization of these films demonstrated that the environmental impact of PLA/limonene film reinforced with 1% in weight of CNC (PLA/CNC/limonene) is comparable to the environmental impact of polylactic acid films reinforced with OMMT and plasticized with a petroleum based plasticizer (ATBC) (PLA/OMTT/ATBC). A “cradle to gate” approach has been considered for both the film typologies.     

Design of a model to assess the environmental risk of leachate dams

Leachate dams store very toxic liquids, leachate, that contain a large amount of pollutant substances. Most of them are located in gullies or ravines, so if a dam breaks, leachate would advance downstream provoking an important environmental impact. In order to assess this environmental risk, the following procedure has been established: firstly, rating curves have been set up which relate characteristics of the dam with the environmental risk, secondly, a weight has been assigned to each parameter, and thirdly, the environmental elements which could be affected by the leachate have been assessed. Relating the risk generated by the characteristics of the dam with the environmental elements located in the risk area, the environmental risk index of a leachate dam can be calculated. If the environmental risk index exceeds a certain value, then it is a dam with a high environmental risk. A high value can be due to low geotechnical stability, to very sensitive environmental elements, or both.