中储式煤粉锅炉燃烧优化调整试验研究

为提高电厂锅炉燃煤煤质变差后锅炉运行的经济性,进行了燃烧优化调整试验,通过比较飞灰可燃物含量、锅炉热效率、排烟温度、制粉系统耗电率重新确定了制粉系统最佳出力下的经济煤粉细度,分析了制粉系统运行方式、二次风配风方式、过量空气系数、燃煤配比对锅炉运行经济性的影响,提出了锅炉更经济的运行工况。     

国电石横发电厂4号炉低压省煤器的应用与节能分析

国电石横发电厂从锅炉运行实际情况出发，对4号炉低压省煤器进行了应用改造，结合其他电厂锅炉低压省煤器的运行经验，制定了4号炉低压省煤器改造后的实际运行调节措施，降低了锅炉排烟温度，保证了锅炉投运低压省煤器后的安全经济运行，同时对其节能效果进行了分析。     

锅炉尾部烟道直接喷水调质技术的研究

对排烟温度低于160 ℃的锅炉尾部烟道内直接喷水调质技术进行了探讨,从实际应用情况来看,此项技术改造规模小,不影响除灰系统正常运行,并且能提高1%～2.5%的除尘效率.     

燃气锅炉余热回收节能技术及应用实例

天然气作为清洁能源,在锅炉中得到了大量的推广和使用,但目前燃气锅炉的排烟温度仍然较高,烟气带走大量能源,如果能够使用预热回收装置进行回收,可以极大地提高能源的利用效率。介绍了燃气锅炉余热回收的理论知识和在某住宅小区的实际应用分析,同时提出了部分燃气锅炉燃烧过程中可采取的节能措施。     

印染废水与锅炉排烟的联合处理

传统的锅炉排烟净化多采用机械、静电、水洗等方法,而传统的印染废水处理多用生化、凝聚、活性炭吸附、药物氧化等方法。两种污染物各自分别处理。本工艺用碱性印染废水洗涤锅炉排烟,脱除烟尘和硫氧化物,使排烟净化。被洗下来的烟尘经高温灼烧而又未燃尽的炭粒,具     

某“W”型锅炉炉效低的综合治理

针对某锅炉经济性差的问题，从设备、运行及自动控制等方面分析，并进行了相应整改。影响炉效的主要因素有煤质恶化、灰渣含碳量高、排烟温度高和CO浓度高等，同时炉膛燃烧不稳定也是影响燃烧效率的重要因素。通过漏风整改、制粉系统优化、燃烧优化调整和控制系统优化等方法有效提高了锅炉经济性。研究表明：分析锅炉经济性降低的影响因素时应抓住主要因素，兼顾其他，科学的生产管理是保证锅炉运行经济性的重要基础；入炉煤质恶化是最主要的外在因素；良好的自动控制系统能有效稳定燃烧参数，提高燃烧效率；降低飞灰含碳量的主要工作应集中在制粉系统优化调整；完整而系统的燃烧调整试验能够保证锅炉运行控制参数的科学合理，并需要正确调整氮氧化物排放和锅炉效率之间的关系。     

潍坊化工厂的简易排烟脱硫装置

潍坊化工厂的简易排烟脱硫装置潍坊化工厂现有两台３５ｔ／ｈ锅炉,平均运转率为：１号锅炉６０％、２号锅炉７０％。两台锅炉排放烟气９３３００ｍ３／ｈ（按标准状态计,以下同）烟气的ＳＯ２体积分数为１０５０×１０－６。该厂的“简易排烟脱硫示范项目”,是中日两国...     

燃煤电站SNCR脱硝系统喷射还原剂介质对锅炉效率的影响

以燃煤电厂1台600MW机组配套SNCR脱硝系统为例,分别介绍了采用尿素、液氨为SNCR脱硝还原剂时,各还原剂的喷入量对锅炉效率和燃煤成本的影响。结果发现,以设计煤种Qnet,ar=11766.7kJ/kg计,当浓度5%的尿素溶液喷入时,有1.67%的燃煤发热量被水蒸发所吸收,导致排烟损失增加0.6659%。假设其他损失不变,不计固体尿素的升温、分解热反应等的影响,尿素溶液的喷入对锅炉热效率的影响在0.6659%左右,燃煤成本约增加900多万元/a;在喷入氨空混合气情况下,约0.2%的燃煤发热量被混合气所吸收,导致排烟损失增加0.02%。假设其他损失都不变,不计分解热反应等的影响,混合气的喷入对锅炉的热效率的影响亦即在0.02%左右,燃煤成本约增加30万元/a。从节能的角度看,液氨为还原剂应作为优选。     

W型无烟煤锅炉氮氧化物排放浓度高的原因分析及解决实例

针对燃煤电厂W型火焰无烟煤锅炉普遍存在的NOx排放浓度高的问题进行了原因分析,与一般燃煤锅炉所排NOx以燃料型为主不同,该锅炉所排NOx的主要类型为热力型,炉膛燃烧温度高是热力型NOx产生量高的主要原因.通过对案例电厂煤质及炉型的分析找到了降低NOx排放的可行方法,对锅炉进行简单改造,掺烧烟煤可显著降低锅炉NOx产生量,通过试验确定掺烧烟煤的合适比例,为类似炉型提供参考.     

基于SCREEN3的燃煤电厂海岸线熏烟问题研究

以2×300MW、2×600MW、2×1000MW海边燃煤电厂为例,采用SCREEN3模式利用正交试验法研究了海岸线熏烟和常规气象条件下,不同烟囱高度、不同排烟温度、不同离岸距离时最大落地浓度及其发生距离。结果表明：对于海边大型燃煤电厂,海岸线熏烟的发生与离岸距离、烟囱高度、排烟温度等因素有关;海岸线熏烟最大落地浓度（Smax）是常规气象条件下最大落地浓度（Cmax）的2倍以上,有时甚至达到4倍以上。Smax和Cmax均随排烟温度的升高而降低,Smax随烟囱离岸距离的增加而升高;熏烟最大落地浓度的发生距离（SL）远大于常规气象条件下最大落地浓度的发生距离（CL）,两者均随烟囱高度和排烟温度的升高而增加,SL随离岸距离的增加而缩短;对于离岸距离在3km以内的海边大型燃煤电厂,在环境影响评价时对厂址周边1.3～7.7km范围内有环境敏感点的区域要特别关注海岸线熏烟问题。     

用电解锰阳极泥和含SO_2工业尾气制备硫酸锰

以电解锰阳极泥与电解锌生产中产生的含SO_2尾气为原料,经过反应、浸出、浸出液两次净化和浓缩结晶制备硫酸锰,考察了反应时间、含SO_2尾气的流量及反应温度对Mn~(4+)转化率的影响.实验结果表明:在反应时间45 min、反应温度20～30 ℃、含SO_2尾气流量16 L/min的条件下,Mn~(4+)转化率达90%以上;尾气中SO_2利用率随尾气流量增加而降低;所得MnSO_4·H_2O产品质量达到GB1622-86<工业级硫酸锰标准>.     

柴油低温临界吸收法回收装车挥发油气

研究了采用柴油低温临界吸收法回收装车挥发油气的效果。实验结果表明：按装车挥发油气中的总烃体积分数为20.88%、装车挥发油气流量为280 m³/h、年运行时间为2 668 h计，装置年回收油气量为291 t，装置年最大运行功率为206.770 MW，装置投资回收期为3 a;处理后净化气中的总烃体积分数为1.24%，排放质量浓度低于25 g/m³，油气回收率达95%。处理后净化气满足GB 20950—2007《储油库大气污染物排放标准》，取得了较好的环保效益和经济效益。     

选择性催化还原废气脱硝技术

选择性催化还原（SCR）法是目前普遍采用的废气催化脱硝方法。详细介绍了SCR废气脱硝的原理、工艺流程、运行控制的主要影响因素如催化剂的活性、反应温度、氨气加入量等及工业应用实例。     

小氮肥厂的三废及其治理

论述了小氮肥厂生产中废水、废气和废渣和产生及其废水，废气的治理方法与效果。介绍了利用废渣制砖和水泥的技术。     

Simple removal of dioxins by injecting combustion gas into water

A simple, low-cost method for suppression of dioxins/furans (hereinafter referred to as dioxins) is required because many middle- and, especially, small-scale incinerators have fallen into disuse or have been dismantled because of the high running and system costs of measures for the suppression of dioxins. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to develop a simple removal method for dioxins from combustion gas and to evaluate the basic removal rate of dioxins. The removal method for suspended matter in a gas mixture (cold model) and dioxins in exhaust gases (hot model) has been investigated by means of gas injection into water, the mechanism of which is that the suspended matter in the gas gathers at the gas–liquid interface. In the cold model, the removal ratio of fine particles (R_P) by gas injection into water was reproduced well by the following equation: R_P (%) = 100 × {1−exp(−0.8 · S_S · t_C)}, where S_S (cm²/cm³) is the specific surface area of bubbles and t_C (s) is the residence time of bubbles in water. The removal ratio of fine particles increased as the product S_s · t_C increased. In a hot model using the exhaust gas from combustion experiments of polyvinyl chloride, the removal ratio of dioxins (R_D) by injecting the exhaust gas into water was estimated by the following equation: R_D (%) = 100 × {1−exp(−0.8 · S_S · t_C · C_D0 ^0.07)}, where C_D0 [ng/cm³ (at standard temperature and pressure)] is the dioxins concentration in the exhaust gas before injection into water. R_D depends greatly on the specific surface area of bubbles and the residence time of the bubbles in water, and only weakly on the dioxins concentration in the exhaust gas. Injection of the exhaust gas into water has been shown to be effective and was evaluated as a simple method for the removal of dioxins from exhaust gas.     

工业火炬气NOx排放的模拟实验

为准确核定石化企业火炬气NO_x的排放情况，采用模拟火炬燃烧装置对现场采集的不同种类火炬气进行燃烧，取得了燃烧温度及NO_x排放数据。实验结果表明：火炬气的燃烧温度及燃烧烟气中的NO_x质量浓度与火炬气组分中H₂的体积分数呈正相关；兰炭荒煤气、煤甲醇合成驰放气、合成氨变换气和合成氨合成解析气的燃烧温度分别为410，430，560，650℃。通过计算得到4种火炬气的NO_x排放系数分别为：合成氨合成解析气0.3154~0.5406kg/t，煤甲醇合成驰放气0.1245~0.2263kg/t，合成氨变换气0.0591~0.0813kg/t，兰炭荒煤气0.0801~0.1762kg/t。     

Identification, structure elucidation, and synthesis of volatile compounds in the exhaust gas of food factories

Our investigations deal with the identification and synthesis of volatile, odoriferous compounds contained in the exhaust gas of food factories and on the biodegradation of alkylpyrazines. Collection of odour emissions samples was performed with a gas sampler equipped with filter tubes containing the styrene-polymer SuperQ. After elution with solvents of different polarity, the extracts were analysed by GC/MS and chemical microreactions. Proposed structures were verified by comparison of analytical data with those of synthetic reference samples. Major components in the exhaust gas of a fat finishing factory were found to be aliphatic aldehydes, strongly dominated by hexanal. The identification of 1,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclohexene shows that for structural proof of target compounds the use of authentic reference samples is indispensable. In the exhaust gas from a chocolate factory, several carbonyl compounds and alkylated pyrazines could be identified. Biodegradation of the latter starts with hydrogenation at the nucleus.     

半干法高活性脱硝剂的制备及其脱硝性能

针对工业上100℃以下的中低温NO废气处理成本高、脱除困难等问题,以氢氧化钙为吸收剂、过碳酸钠为氧化剂,制备用于烟气半干法同时脱硫脱硝的高活性脱硝剂,并研究了NO去除率的影响因素。当气体总流量为1.2 L/min、O_2体积分数为10%、SO_2质量浓度1 428 mg/m~3、N_2为载气时,适宜的工艺条件为:氧化剂与吸收剂质量比5∶8、高活性脱硝剂中液固比80%、反应温度60℃、入口NO质量浓度670 mg/m~3。在此条件下,NO去除率达到55%以上,SO_2去除率达到100%。     

Adsorption removal of pollutants by active cokes produced from sludge in the energy recycle process of wastes

This study proposes a recycling system of sludge into active cokes and the fundamental examinations for the application were carried out. In the system, active cokes were produced by carbonizing pellets of sludge in a steam stream. Pyrolysis gas yielded by carbonization can be available to a fuel for a steam generation boiler. The exhaust heat from the boiler is used sequentially for drying of sludge. The active cokes are applied to the adsorbent for dioxin removal in exhaust gas from incinerators of wastes, or for purification of gas obtained in a gasification process of wastes, particularly removal of H2S. The used adsorbent is not recycled, but incinerated in the furnace without a desorption process to decompose adsorbed dioxin or to oxidize H2S for a sequential desulfurization process of SO2. Dry pellets of sludge were carbonized in a quartz tube reactor under various atmospheres. The micro pore structure and the adsorption performance of the cokes produced without activation process were examined. The micro pore structure was influenced by the temperature, the sort of flow gas (N2, CO2 and steam) and carbonization time, and the active cokes produced under the condition of the temperature 823 K for 60 min in the steam atmosphere had a largest specific surface area in the diameter less than 5 nm. The amount of benzene adsorption as an alternative substance of dioxin into the active cokes had a similar quality to a commercial active char produced from coal if it was evaluated by adsorption per a unit specific surface area. This fundamental knowledge must be reflected to an optimum design for development of a simple continuous process to produce the active cokes by a fluidized bed type of the carbonization furnace.     

Fabric-filter-supported catalyst for removal of harmful solid and gaseous compounds in municipal waste incinerator exhaust gas: characteristics of NO x reduction

We have investigated a fabric-filter-supported catalyst for removing harmful solid and gaseous compounds simultaneously from municipal incinerator exhaust gas. We studied the ways in which the efficiency of NO _x removal is influenced by filter temperature, gas flow rate, and catalyst content. The reduction of the catalyst content by mechanical reverse washing was investigated, and the state of the catalyst supported in the fabric filter was also observed using a scanning electron microscope. The catalyst supported by the fabric filter showed a removal efficiency above 75% when the filter temperature was 200°C, the gas flow rate was 1 m/min, and the catalyst content of the fabric filter was above 300 g/m². The catalyst was supported uniformly on the fibers of the fabric filter, and fine catalyst particles remained on the fibers after mechanical reverse washing. Received: October 15, 1997 / Accepted: March 19, 1999