北京工业循环经济发展模式与发展重点分析

在北京市经济发展的新时期．循环经济理念和发展模式的引入进一步提升了北京经济增长的质量．促进北京经济向着“低投入、高产出、可循环”的方向发展。在压缩的工业化和工业制造业耗能过大的双重压力下，北京应积极探索工业循环经济的发展模式。立足予北京工业循环经济的发展现实，提出企业清洁生产模式、生态工业固模式和工业废弃物可持续利用模式．通过对北京市第一次经济普查数据能源消费与水资源消费的数据进行标准差和平均值的比较计算。认为北京应积极压缩耗能商、污染大的化学原料及化学制品制造业、黑色金属冶炼及压延工业、电力、热力的生产和供应业。实现产业的循环转型；高新技术产业的循环经济发展是北京市循环工业发展的关键环节；最后通过对重点生态工业示范园区的产业集群分析，提出今后北京重点发展的生态工业园。     

长江经济带城市工业绿色发展效率及其空间驱动机制研究

随着资源环境约束条件日益严峻,降低工业污染排放,推动工业绿色发展,是经济发展主流趋势。作为国家战略支撑带,长江经济带工业绿色发展对推动国家生态文明建设、构建现代产业体系、加快经济高质量发展意义重大。从绿色技术创新、绿色红利外溢、绿色政策供给等维度阐述工业绿色发展效率提升的内在机理,基于2011—2016年长江经济带110个地级及以上城市面板数据,采用考虑非期望产出的全局超效率SBM模型及泰尔指数分析长江经济带城市工业绿色发展效率的时空演变规律,采用空间杜宾模型SDM探究长江经济带城市工业绿色发展效率提升的空间驱动机制。结果表明:①长江经济带城市工业绿色发展效率呈上升态势,年均增长2. 95%,工业绿色发展内生动力显著增强;②上中下游地区城市工业绿色发展差异显著,呈梯度递减格局,下游地区城市产业结构迈向服务化,城市工业绿色发展重心逐渐向中上游地区转移;③经济发展、环境规制、工业化、对外开放是提升长江经济带城市工业绿色发展效率的主要直接驱动力;④产业集聚、城镇化、技术创新对长江经济带城市工业绿色发展效率直接推动作用有限,以高耗能型产业集聚为主,城市建设空间利用效率不高,绿色技术创新支撑效应有待加强;⑤环境规制、城镇化对长江经济带城市工业绿色发展效率存在负向空间溢出效应,提高环境标准导致污染型产业向周边地区转移,粗放城镇化模式加剧城市间生产要素的恶性竞争;⑥产业集聚、工业化对长江经济带城市工业绿色发展的正向空间溢出效应明显,污染型产业发展模式的警示效应较强,各城市竞相布局绿色先进制造业。基于上述实证分析结果,进一步提升长江经济带城市工业绿色发展效率,应加快构建统一的环境预警机制,强化绿色技术创新的支撑作用,促进产业结构优化升级,推进集约式新型城镇化,绿色承接产业转移。     

中国旅游产业绿色创新效率的空间网络结构与形成机制

旅游产业绿色创新是实现资源节约、环境优化的一种可持续发展理念,旅游产业绿色创新效率的有效测度及其空间关系的准确把握对促进旅游业可持续发展具有重要意义。本文采用超效率SBM模型,对2006—2015年期间中国大陆(不包括西藏)30个省份的旅游产业绿色创新效率进行测度和评价,同时引入修正的引力模型量化分析省份之间的空间关联强度,并基于此构建空间关联矩阵,进一步运用社会网络分析理论与方法,探究中国旅游产业绿色创新效率空间网络的关联特征与演化规律,揭示其空间网络结构形成的影响因素及作用机制。研究表明:(1)研究期间内,中国旅游产业绿色创新效率空间网络的关联强度保持上升态势,但整体关联强度较低,有待进一步加强,同时空间网络具有相对稳定性,等级结构不显著。(2)东部省份处于空间网络相对中心的位置,在旅游产业绿色创新效率空间网络中具有较强的影响力,扮演着领导者的角色,而中部、西部省份处于相对劣势地位,发挥着中枢和传导作用。(3)根据省份之间空间关联的紧密性和直接性,不同绿色创新效率集聚板块之间呈现出板块内集聚、板块间显著关联的特征,且整体空间关联网络表现出显著的空间极化效应,东部的省份能够有效吸引和整合中、西部省份的相关要素和资源。(4)距离、地区经济发展水平差异和旅游发展水平差异对旅游产业绿色创新效率的空间关联强度产生负向作用,而资金投入差异对其产生正向影响。最后从整体性、差异性和区域性等角度,提出促进中国旅游产业绿色创新效率整体提升和均衡发展的对策建议。     

以全域水规划引领“大水经济”的融合发展 ——基于贵州省安龙县的考察

党的十八届五中全会强调，要牢固树立并切实贯彻创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念，经济社会发展必须要与生态环境相协调。国务院也多次下发治水、兴水系列文件。全域水规划，通过做大做足水文章，以水定发展，以水定产业，以水定规模，以水定空间布局，扬水之长，不断丰富大水经济内涵，实现工业、农业、文化、旅游、大健康、大中医药、大养老等产业的融合发展，让绿水青山变成金山银山。通过分析国家相关治水政策，结合安龙县情及水情、优势及短板，提出以全域水规划引领安龙大水经济的融合发展，向读者展现一个具有示范效应的“安龙模式     

中国省际工业绿色发展评估

有关绿色发展评价和指标研究已成为绿色经济研究中的前沿领域和重点.该文旨在将绿色发展的评估研究延伸至工业领域,进而为监测、评估和诊断中国工业绿色发展提供支撑.该文首次从绿色生产、绿色产品、绿色产业三个方面界定了工业绿色发展内涵,认为工业绿色发展可以理解为在促进工业经济持续较快增长和提供更多、更好工业产品和服务以满足人们日益增长需求的同时,通过绿化工艺系统和生产过程、生产绿色低碳产品、发展绿色新兴产业,最终协调工业发展与资源环境容量有限之间的矛盾.鉴此,本文认为可以从绿色生产、绿色产品、绿色产业三个方面衡量工业绿色发展的进展,这为开展工业绿色发展评估提供理论基础.在实践应用中,由于数据可得性等原因,本文围绕绿色生产构建了基于综合指数法的“工业绿色发展绩效指数”.评估结果显示,2005-2010年我国工业绿色发展绩效水平年均改善幅度为9.5％,反映工业生产正实现与资源环境消耗的脱钩,但改善速度逐年下降,表明未来亟需挖掘新的节能减排潜力;分地区看,天津、北京、广东等东部发达省市是中国工业绿色发展绩效水平较好的地区,但各个地区的优势均有所不同,其中天津在工业水资源利用居于领先,北京在工业土地资源方面较为落后,广东在工业能源利用的表现突出;宁夏的工业绿色发展绩效水平远远落后于其他地区,原因是工业能源利用和污染物排放控制方面较为落后;同时,“十一五”期间各地区工业绿色发展绩效水平均有所改善,其中广西以年均19.7％的水平居于领先.总体来看,各地区的工业绿色发展水平和改善幅度有较大差异,意味着各地区实现工业绿色发展的基础条件不同,有必要对不同地区采取分类管理方式,以有效促进各地区工业绿色发展.     

基于生态理论的旅游产业集群发展特征研究

旅游产业集群的生态属性研究已经成为当前的热点。当前利用生态理论研究旅游产业集群的发展规律．对我国旅游产业集群的健康发展具有非常重要的意义。本文基于生态理论。从旅游产业集群的发展特征出发，认为旅游生态资源潜力、集群生态成长机制、集群生态外部环境等是影响其发展的主要因素．据此选择集群生态资源潜力、集群生态结构、集群外部环境等指标。将旅游产业集群生命周期分为旅游产业集群形成、发展、成熟、衰退——转型等四个阶段，并分析了各个发展阶段的特点。最后提出开拓旅游产业集群生态营养源泉、构建旅游产业集群与其生态环境的和谐互动机制、维护旅游产业集群内部生态平衡等相关的建议。     

我国循环经济的发展模式

循环经济发展模式主要是指循环经济的产业发展模式和区域发展模式。根据我国循环经济的内涵、国际做法和国内相关实践探索经验,我国循环经济的产业发展模式涉及生产和消费两个重点领域和四个重点产业。四个重点产业是生态工业、生态农业、绿色服务业和废弃物再利用、资源化及无害化处置产业。循环经济区域发展模式是在区域基础设施体系和生态系统支撑下的两个重点领域和四个重点产业的有机组合和共生。是区域可持续发展的核心组成部分。区域基础设施体系也是应用循环经济原理的重要领域。以资源能源离效和环境影响最小为特征。在目前的实践中。我国出现了三种将发展循环经济作为推动区域可持续发展的助推器而引发的区域社会经济发展战略转型模式：东部发达地区的自发转型模式、辽宁资源型地区的转型模式和西部地区典型的跨越发展转型模式。     

山东省旅游产业与区域经济协调度评价与优化

旅游业在区域经济发展中的战略地位日益凸显,旅游产业与区域经济在发展过程中又是相互影响、相互制约的:一方面,旅游产业既可以促进区域经济的发展,增加当地的国民经济收入。同时,在拉动相关产业发展、增加就业机会、增强区域经济发展活力等方面具有突出作用;另一方面,区域经济能为旅游产业的发展提供保障和支撑。本文通过耦合协调发展模型,对山东省17地市的旅游产业与区域经济协调状况进行研究。研究结果表明:青岛、烟台、济南等8市实现了旅游产业与区域经济的协调发展,泰安、日照等4市处于勉强协调或濒临失调阶段,德州、聊城等5市都存在着不同程度的失调现象。从这些城市的旅游业发展状况与区域经济发展速度的对比来看,除青岛市已经达到优质协调状态外,济南、烟台等13市属于旅游产业发展相对滞后型,泰安、日照、威海3市则是区域经济发展相对滞后型。在耦合协调度分析的基础上,进一步运用灰色关联分析探讨旅游产业与区域经济发展的影响因素,从影响旅游经济发展水平的7个主要因素看,国内旅游收入和国内旅游人次2个指标对旅游发展水平影响最大,因此要促进国内旅游内涵式发展,提高旅游产品质量和档次,加大营销宣传力度;对区域经济发展水平的5个重要影响因素排序发现,这些地市需要积极调整产业结构,大力发展第三产业,实行积极稳健的财政政策、积极发展商品零售业。只有实现各地市"旅游促进经济,经济推动旅游"的协调发展模式,才能共同推动山东省由旅游大省向旅游强省的跨越。     

技术创新方式选择与中国工业绿色转型的实证分析

在环境承载力接近极限,传统要素投入边际效益骤降的情况下,中国工业依靠技术创新实现绿色转型与发展,已成为我国工业未来发展的重要方向。然而,各类工业行业的特征与异质性,使得不同方式的技术创新表现出不同的效果,如何根据工业行业的特征选择有效的技术创新方式是进一步研究技术创新驱动工业绿色发展的关键性问题。本文采用SBM-DDF方法测算了我国32个工业行业的绿色全要素生产率,并基于行业异质性实证分析了自主创新、技术引进、政府支持三种创新方式在工业行业绿色转型中的作用效果。研究发现:在考虑了能源投入与污染物排放非期望产出后,行业间的绿色全要素生产率表现出了明显的绿色差异性。传统高投入、高污染、高耗能型的工业行业其绿色全要素生产率明显低于绿色特征明显的工业行业。废弃资源综合利用业,文教、体育和娱乐用品制造业等绿色"无烟"产业,以及专用设备制造业、医药制造业等技术密集型产业绿色全要素生产率排名靠前。2009年是我国工业绿色转型的重要跳跃期。在技术创新方式选择上,自主创新与政府支持是资源密集型工业行业实现绿色转型的关键方式;对于劳动密集型工业行业,技术引进则是实现绿色转型的最优路径;对于技术密集型工业行业,自主创新仍是推动该行业实现绿色发展的首要驱动力。此外,我国当前的环境规制已在资源密集型工业行业中率先发挥创新补偿效应;提高工业行业的总体规模与产业集中度也有利于工业行业的绿色转型。     

紫金矿业旅游可持续发展的再认识

相比于其它矿业旅游,游客对于黄金矿产旅游具有极大亲和力和探求欲,旅游市场前景广阔。福建省上杭县紫金矿业股份有限公司作为我国首批工业旅游示范点,拥有独特的金矿旅游资源优势。但在其早期的旅游开发过程中,存在着旅游产品特色不足、旅游服务系统基础建设尚不健全、以及旅游市场需求挖掘有限等问题。与矿业旅游产业转型升级仍有较大的差距。本文试图通过对我国矿业旅游产业转型升级的再认识,重新审视我国首批工业旅游示范点紫金矿业旅游开发现状,提出促进紫金矿业旅游可持续发展的几点建议。     

Study on the Comprehensive Tourism Development Pattern in Periphery Minority Area： A Case Study of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province, China

The paper took the human-land relations as a basic point, and the theories of tourism industry system and sustainable development as the guidance, with Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture （Gannan） as the case study area. From microcosmic and macroscopic viewpoints, the author carded out function orientation and evaluation to the tourism industry development, and research on the comprehensive tourism industry development pattern of Gannan. Results show that the fragile ecological environment and the traditional economic growth pattern have restricted regional sustainable development, and made Gannan to become a representative of the periphery minority areas in Northwest China. Tourism development of Gannan is at the primary phase, with the characteristics of short industry chain and low economic efficiency. It is an inevitable choice to transform the way of regional economic growth and the development pattern of tourism industry from the traditional pattern to the pattern of sustainable development. Simultaneously, Gannan＇s natural, national and religious culture makes Gannan a broad prospect on the comprehensive tourism development. Gannan should choose the comprehensive tourism industry as its scientific pattern to realize sustainable development, promote harmonious social, economic and ecological development, alleviate the human-land contradictory, and realize dual goals in terms of ecology construction and economical development. For Gannan and the similar areas in China, studies on the sustainable development pattern of tourism have extremely important strategic sense with respect to tourism development and the sustainable development of regional economy.     

Study on the Comprehensive Tourism Development Pattern in Periphery Minority Area: A Case Study of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province,China

Abstract

The paper took the human-land relations as a basic point, and the theories of tourism industry system and sustainable development as the guidance, with Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Gannan) as the case study area. From microcosmic and macroscopic viewpoints, the author carried out function orientation and evaluation to the tourism industry development, and research on the comprehensive tourism industry development pattern of Gannan. Results show that the fragile ecological environment and the traditional economic growth pattern have restricted regional sustainable development, and made Gannan to become a representative of the periphery minority areas in Northwest China. Tourism development of Gannan is at the primary phase, with the characteristics of short industry chain and low economic efficiency. It is an inevitable choice to transform the way of regional economic growth and the development pattern of tourism industry from the traditional pattern to the pattern of sustainable development. Simultaneously, Gannan's natural, national and religious culture makes Gannan a broad prospect on the comprehensive tourism development. Gannan should choose the comprehensive tourism industry as its scientific pattern to realize sustainable development, promote harmonious social, economic and ecological development, alleviate the human-land contradictory, and realize dual goals in terms of ecology construction and economical development. For Gannan and the similar areas in China, studies on the sustainable development pattern of tourism have extremely important strategic sense with respect to tourism development and the sustainable development of regional economy.     

On the Regional Coordinated Development Between Tourism Human Resource and Tourism Industry in China

Tourism is one of the typical labor intensive industries and tourism human resource(HR) is the main factor for regional discrepancy of tourism industry.The paper takes China as research region and evaluates the level of tourism HR and the level of tourism industry of 31 provinces respectively.First,the paper constructs evaluation index of regional tourism industry and tourism HR.Then,the paper gets the evaluation scores of every province by applying the principal components analysis and statistical package for the social sciences processing.Second,the paper builds the tourism development-tourism HR matrix and divides the matrix into four quadrants.Finally,the paper points out the problems of tourism HR that exist in the 31 provinces and puts forward development strategy.     

Progress in Enclave Tourism Study of Overseas： A Literature Review

In response to the ＂isolated island＂ phenomenon emerging from the development of tourist resorts in China, this paper reviews the study of enclave tourism overseas, which has similar features to the resort ＂island＂. Based on the literatures related to enclave tourism from Tourism Management and Annals of Tourism Research, this paper reviews the study of enclave tourism from the following aspects： definition discussion, theories used, causation of enclaves, characteristics and impacts of enclave tourism. The understanding of the overseas researches on enclave tourism would provide instructions for the study on the problems of Chinese resorts, such as enclavity and ＂island effects＂, and suggest measures for the sustainable development of resorts in China. This paper is divided into three sections. Section 1 briefly introduces the development of enclave tourism in developing countries and the outline of enclave tourism study. Section 2 elaborates on the contents of enclave tourism research and gives deep insights into the study on concepts, characteristics, causations and effects respectively, which is the key part of this paper; Section 3 concludes the review and proposes suggestions for the enclave tourism study in China.     

Threshold effects of tourism agglomeration on the green innovation efficiency of China’s tourism industry

ABSTRACT

Industrial agglomeration is an essential and effective way to integrate resources and elements. Its impact on the green innovation efficiency of the tourism industry is a process of continuous development and dynamic change. This paper, based on the provincial panel data from 2006 to 2015, uses super SBM model to measure the green innovation efficiency of China’s tourism industry. The threshold regression model is employed to conduct empirical tests of the nonlinear threshold effect of agglomeration on the green innovation efficiency of tourism industry. The inter-provincial differences of various threshold effects and their possible causes are analyzed. Results indicate that the green innovation efficiency of China’s tourism industry is generally growing, while regional disparity is significant with a gradient decrease along the eastern-central-western regions. There is an obvious positive nonlinear relationship between tourism agglomeration and green innovation efficiency. It is also found that with the increase of agglomeration, its influence is at a high level. As the level of agglomeration crosses the first threshold, its impact is at a low level, and when it crosses the second threshold, the impact of tourism agglomeration is at an intermediate level. Finally, this paper proposes the basic path and some policy recommendations to promote the green innovation efficiency of the tourism industry in China.     

On the Regional Coordinated Development Between Tourism Human Resource and Tourism Industry in China

Abstract

Tourism is one of the typical labor intensive industries and tourism human resource (HR) is the main factor for regional discrepancy of tourism industry. The paper takes China as research region and evaluates the level of tourism HR and the level of tourism industry of 31 provinces respectively. First, the paper constructs evaluation index of regional tourism industry and tourism HR. Then, the paper gets the evaluation scores of every province by applying the principal components analysis and statistical package for the social sciences processing. Second, the paper builds the tourism development-tourism HR matrix and divides the matrix into four quadrants. Finally, the paper points out the problems of tourism HR that exist in the 31 provinces and puts forward development strategy.     

Progress in Enclave Tourism Study of Overseas: A Literature Review

Abstract

In response to the “isolated island” phenomenon emerging from the development of tourist resorts in China, this paper reviews the study of enclave tourism overseas, which has similar features to the resort “island”. Based on the literatures related to enclave tourism from Tourism Management and Annals of Tourism Research, this paper reviews the study of enclave tourism from the following aspects: definition discussion, theories used, causation of enclaves, characteristics and impacts of enclave tourism. The understanding of the overseas researches on enclave tourism would provide instructions for the study on the problems of Chinese resorts, such as enclavity and “island effects”, and suggest measures for the sustainable development of resorts in China. This paper is divided into three sections. Section 1 briefly introduces the development of enclave tourism in developing countries and the outline of enclave tourism study. Section 2 elaborates on the contents of enclave tourism research and gives deep insights into the study on concepts, characteristics, causations and effects respectively, which is the key part of this paper; Section 3 concludes the review and proposes suggestions for the enclave tourism study in China.     

内蒙古绿色产业体系构建的基本思路

绿色产业是21世纪国际经济的支柱产业，是民族地区的特色产业和优势产业，是实现民族地区经济可持续发展的重要途径，内蒙古地域辽阔，绿色资源丰富，有着巨大的绿色产业开发潜力。因此，必须把绿色产业作为优势产业优先发展，尽快构建绿色产业体系。本文通过对绿色产业概念的界定，首次提出了比较完整的绿色产业体系的概念、绿色经济链条的构成，分析了内蒙古绿色产业体系构建的思路、基本原则，内蒙古绿色产业体系的构成与建设，内蒙古绿色产业体系的支撑系统。     

Residents’ Attitudes Towards Tourism in a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems Pilot Site: a Case Study in China

Abstract

Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) is a wide program to promote the conservation and adaptive management of such systems and their associated landscapes, biodiversity, knowledge systems and cultures. Rice-Fish Systems (RFS) in Longxian village of China, as a traditional agricultural system, was selected as one of the five pilot sites of GIAHS in 2005. Researchers have paid more attention to the dynamic conservation and adaptive management of RFS because it is under severe threats from global development challenges. Tourism is suggested to be brought into the RFS conservation program as an alternative industry. This paper presents a comparative study of residents in three types of farm household in Longxian, seeking attitudes to the RFS conservation and tourism development and ways in which such information may guide future strategies. Results show residents, belonging to the household type in which most family members are abroad, have the most positive attitudes to RFS conservation and tourism development; while residents, as other household type in which less than 50% of family members are abroad, are the least sensitive group in these three household types, due to the motivation of moving abroad weakening their enthusiasm to participate in the local activities. Implications are discussed in the context of how resident attitudes will affect the future management of GIAHS conservation and tourism development, and then measures are put forward to foster tourism cooperation and multistakeholders process establishment.     

Influence of "Holiday Tourism Circle of Beijing" on Chengde Tourism Spatial Alteration and Reconstruction

Chengde City, famous for its cultural sightseeing tourism industry, and is located in China's "Capital Holiday Tourism Circle". This location is advantageous, because of the recent boom in China's national tourism industry. This industry has gone through several structural and development changes with in the past several years. A result of these restructuring patterns is the great changes concerning competitive and cooperative relations among tourism destinations, which have precipitated the decline of the traditional sightseeing pattern.Northern China's "Capital Holiday Tourism Circle" is one of nine key areas within the Chinese tourism industry under development during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan. In the present article the method of "Distance Decline of The Tourist Flow" was used to define the flow of tourists in the Capital Holiday Tourism Circle and its influence upon Chengde's tourism spatial distribution. 3 aspects will be discussed: (1) The transformation from sightseeing to leisure markets makes the change possible in Chengde's tourism spatial pattern. (2) The location advantage (adjacent to Beijing and Tianjin) also leads to the change in Chengde tourism spatial pattern. (3) The establishment of freeways also contributes to a great degrees of change.The rapid development of leisure tourism might lead to the change from nucleus model to a diversified one within Chengde's tourism. Specifically, Chengde is developing the tourism industry with the central heritage area as the nucleus and the northern forest,pasture,southern mountain, and rivers as its periphery.