Study on the Comprehensive Tourism Development Pattern in Periphery Minority Area： A Case Study of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province, China

The paper took the human-land relations as a basic point, and the theories of tourism industry system and sustainable development as the guidance, with Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture （Gannan） as the case study area. From microcosmic and macroscopic viewpoints, the author carded out function orientation and evaluation to the tourism industry development, and research on the comprehensive tourism industry development pattern of Gannan. Results show that the fragile ecological environment and the traditional economic growth pattern have restricted regional sustainable development, and made Gannan to become a representative of the periphery minority areas in Northwest China. Tourism development of Gannan is at the primary phase, with the characteristics of short industry chain and low economic efficiency. It is an inevitable choice to transform the way of regional economic growth and the development pattern of tourism industry from the traditional pattern to the pattern of sustainable development. Simultaneously, Gannan＇s natural, national and religious culture makes Gannan a broad prospect on the comprehensive tourism development. Gannan should choose the comprehensive tourism industry as its scientific pattern to realize sustainable development, promote harmonious social, economic and ecological development, alleviate the human-land contradictory, and realize dual goals in terms of ecology construction and economical development. For Gannan and the similar areas in China, studies on the sustainable development pattern of tourism have extremely important strategic sense with respect to tourism development and the sustainable development of regional economy.     

Comprehensive Assessment on Tourism Eco-environment of Gansu Province Based on Spatial Data

Abstract

The article studies tourism eco-environment of 14 cities of Gangsu Province, China, based on GIS with many kinds of multi-subject spatial database, such as remote sensing data, observation data and literature data. The research results were as follows. First, spatial features of 14 cities’ tourism eco-environment are displayed with five levels of vulnerability respectively. The vulnerability in Gansu becomes worse from Gannan City, located in southern Gansu to Hexi Corridor which lies in northwestern Gansu. Second, the areas of above the middle vulnerability level make up 75% of the total areas of Gansu Province. Third, more than 70% of high-level human and natural tourism resources are in the areas with high vulnerability eco-environment. Fourth, it is crucial to develop comprehensive tourism industry in order to improve the harmonious development between tourism industry and eco-environment in Gansu Province.     

Sustainable Tourism Development Management of Local Cultural Landscapes

Abstract

Nowa days, ecological and cultural tourism, especially those ancient villages and towns in China, have attracted an increasing number of tourists because of their unique cultural features. However, rapid development of tourism brings economic benefits, but results in a series of problems that threaten further tourism development and protection of ancient towns, such as over-commercialization and tourism urbanization. Taking Longmen ancient town as an example, this paper presented a sustainable way of preserving and developing resources of ancient villages and towns. First, identify cultural features and the extent of ancient villages and towns, and find the approach through which a cultural landscape zoning can be applied. Second, define a cooperative function area to release the pressure on core areas and protect their authentic cultures by extending tourism space. Third, balance tourism development with traditional industries to enhance the sustainability of community economies.     

皖江城市群旅游经济空间联系格局

在皖江城市群作为承接长三角产业转移示范区背景下及区域交通网络化、区域旅游一体化发展的新形式下，对皖江城市群旅游经济联系和影响范围研究就显得必要。以该地区10城市的旅游经济联系为主线，以界定旅游中心节点、测算旅游经济联系量和场强模型为手段，构建皖江城市群旅游圈。研究表明：以合肥和芜湖为双核的皖江城市群大旅游圈，其内部分为3个次旅游经济圈，北部以合肥为中心，包括六安区域、滁州和含巢湖整个水面的大部分区域的合肥旅游圈；西南以安庆为中心、池州为副中心，含铜陵一部分地区的安庆旅游圈；东南以芜湖为中心、宣城为副中心，包括马鞍山和部分巢湖区域、部分铜陵区域的芜湖旅游圈。最后提出了3个旅游经济圈发展的旅游规划建议     

Ecotourism Model and Benefits of Periphery Regions in Western Sichuan Province

Abstract

There are many problems in the minority regions of western Sichuan Province, such as serious soil erosion, fragile ecological environment, low levels of economy and so on. Advantages of tourism resources in the “periphery regions” should be fully utilized, and “multitourism” meets the characteristics and present situation of the minority regions. The “multitourism development model” can exert the functions of tourism as the key industry. Based on the demands and the internal linkages among different industries, the model can accelerate the development of related-industries, such as eco-agriculture, eco-industry and so on. Through implementing the multi-tourism model, we can fully utilize the advantages of the periphery regions and promote the sustainable development of regional economy.     

高铁对长三角区域旅游一体化影响计量研究

高铁正成为影响我国区域旅游一体化的关键性因素,已有高铁旅游影响研究普遍存在供需分离的系统化视角缺位问题。立足多目的地-多客源地交互的旅游供需空间系统视角,利用GIS集成方法和旅游系统引力模型研究了有无高铁网络两种情境下的长三角区域旅游竞争力和出游力格局,分析了高铁对区域旅游一体化影响的具体方向、程度和意义。结果发现:(1)高铁对长三角区域旅游一体化影响增强,扩大了旅游竞争力、出游力等级差异,带来逆向均衡一体化效应;(2)高铁强化了长三角区域旅游格局的核心-边缘结构,边缘地区非高铁城市的旅游竞争力和出游力进一步被削弱,而核心高铁城市上海的中心性仍在增强;(3)高铁开通后,边缘地区新增开高铁城市的旅游格局变化最大,但固有劣势使其不能从根本上改变区域旅游整体的非均衡发展态势;(4)高铁时空压缩在削弱空间距离因素影响的同时,促进了区域旅游竞合关系的本位回归,规避旅游供给的同质化竞争、强调差异化发展是发挥高铁旅游一体化联动效应的根本路径模式。最后,指出高铁开通可以为边缘地区城市提供相对公平的交通发展平台,是防止边缘地区城市进一步被边缘化的必要条件,进而提出了促进区域旅游一体化发展的具体政策建议。     

浙江可持续旅游发展战略研究

本文在分析浙江省旅游产业发展现状与趋势的基础上 ,针对区域旅游产业发展存在的问题 ,就区域旅游产业发展战略、旅游系统优化与创新等问题进行探讨 ,提出了浙江省旅游新线路开发与发展生态旅游产业 ,促进区域可持续发展的新思路     

江苏省国内旅游经济区域差异及演变

以江苏省13个地级市为基本研究单元，采用变异系数、Theil系数、nich指数等指标定量分析了1999～2010年江苏省国内旅游经济的总体差异、内部构成、空间格局及演变。结果表明：（1）1999～2010年江苏省国内旅游经济的区域总体差异呈现先增加后缩小的特征，1999～2005年呈波动增加，2005年以后总体差异逐渐下降；（2）旅游经济区域差异的构成以苏南、苏中和苏北地区间差异为主，三大地区之间的差异奠定了江苏省国内旅游经济区域差异的基本格局，地区内差异所占比重相对较小；（3）江苏省国内旅游经济的发展水平和发展速度都呈现明显的南北梯度差异，且旅游经济区域差异的空间格局在一段时间内还将持续存在。在此基础上提出了促进江苏省区域旅游经济协调发展的对策和建议     

我国循环经济的发展模式

循环经济发展模式主要是指循环经济的产业发展模式和区域发展模式。根据我国循环经济的内涵、国际做法和国内相关实践探索经验,我国循环经济的产业发展模式涉及生产和消费两个重点领域和四个重点产业。四个重点产业是生态工业、生态农业、绿色服务业和废弃物再利用、资源化及无害化处置产业。循环经济区域发展模式是在区域基础设施体系和生态系统支撑下的两个重点领域和四个重点产业的有机组合和共生。是区域可持续发展的核心组成部分。区域基础设施体系也是应用循环经济原理的重要领域。以资源能源离效和环境影响最小为特征。在目前的实践中。我国出现了三种将发展循环经济作为推动区域可持续发展的助推器而引发的区域社会经济发展战略转型模式：东部发达地区的自发转型模式、辽宁资源型地区的转型模式和西部地区典型的跨越发展转型模式。     

基于生态理论的旅游产业集群发展特征研究

旅游产业集群的生态属性研究已经成为当前的热点。当前利用生态理论研究旅游产业集群的发展规律．对我国旅游产业集群的健康发展具有非常重要的意义。本文基于生态理论。从旅游产业集群的发展特征出发，认为旅游生态资源潜力、集群生态成长机制、集群生态外部环境等是影响其发展的主要因素．据此选择集群生态资源潜力、集群生态结构、集群外部环境等指标。将旅游产业集群生命周期分为旅游产业集群形成、发展、成熟、衰退——转型等四个阶段，并分析了各个发展阶段的特点。最后提出开拓旅游产业集群生态营养源泉、构建旅游产业集群与其生态环境的和谐互动机制、维护旅游产业集群内部生态平衡等相关的建议。     

资源型旅游地增长极限的理论模型

在经济发展中,国内诸多地区都将旅游业发展作为支柱产业,但对其长期有效性却缺少理论和实证的探讨。一些落后地区虽然靠旅游发展获得第一桶金。走的是资源经济之路。但带动效益有限。本研究运用最新的发展理论,在对典型资源型旅游地作分析的基础上,建立了资源型旅游目的地发展的一般结构模型,并指出导致资源型旅游地发展的内部限制性因素。本研究希望更多的研究人员关注这一问题,从理论和实证上丰富和验证本文提出的理论假设。     

Study on Sustainable Development in Vulnerable Eco-areas

Abstract

The vulnerable eco-area is one of the important research targets in the field of sustainable development. It is the requirement of building a well-off society in an all-round way that we should study more on the vulnerable eco-areas, deal with the relationship between environmental protection and economic development, speed up the economic development in these areas and increase the living standard of the local people. This paper puts forward the countermeasures of environment—economy coordination, on the basis of the recognition of eco- environment features and social economic conditions in the vulnerable eco-areas of China, in view of the progress in sustainable development studies of the vulnerable ones, taking the transitional areas of farming and pasturing in northeast China as an example to study the regional environment vulnerability.     

Study of the Optimization and Adjustment of the Industrial Structure Subjected to Water Resource in the Drainage Area of the Yellow River

Abstract

Since the 1990s, the Yellow River stream has been temporarily interrupted for several years, which affects the development of society, the economy and human life, limits the economic potential of the drainage areas, and especially causes great harm to regions on the lower reaches. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the development of society and economy and water scarcity, the author thinks it is necessary to optimize and adjust the industrial structure that has extravagantly consumed enormous amounts of water, and to develop ecological agriculture, industry and tourism which are balanced with the ecological environment. Finally, the author puts forward several pieces of advice and countermeasures about how to build the economic systems by which water can be used economically.     

On the Regional Coordinated Development Between Tourism Human Resource and Tourism Industry in China

Abstract

Tourism is one of the typical labor intensive industries and tourism human resource (HR) is the main factor for regional discrepancy of tourism industry. The paper takes China as research region and evaluates the level of tourism HR and the level of tourism industry of 31 provinces respectively. First, the paper constructs evaluation index of regional tourism industry and tourism HR. Then, the paper gets the evaluation scores of every province by applying the principal components analysis and statistical package for the social sciences processing. Second, the paper builds the tourism development-tourism HR matrix and divides the matrix into four quadrants. Finally, the paper points out the problems of tourism HR that exist in the 31 provinces and puts forward development strategy.     

长江上游生态脆弱区生态屏障建设与产业发展战略研究——以昭通市为例

长江经济带是世界最大的内河产业带和制造业基地，在我国社会经济发展中占有重要的战略地位。建设长江生态屏障是长江经济带可持续发展的基本保障，以金沙江区段为主的长江上游地区在流域生态屏障建设中更是起着至关重要的作用。结合实地调研，以地处云南省东北部、金沙江下游、滇川黔3省结合部的昭通市为例，分析了地区产业发展与生态屏障建设的互动机理。首先分析了昭通市生态—经济系统存在的主要问题，进而指出优化产业结构是昭通市生态－经济系统协调发展的必然选择，在此基础上提出昭通市应通过高效生态农业、环境友好型工业以及生态旅游业的发展实现经济发展与生态屏障建设的有机结合。     

信息化与省域经济增长研究

从信息化产业水平、信息化基础设施水平和信息化综合发展水平来测算区域信息化水平，并对中国各省的信息化发展水平进行比较研究，研究显示：东部省区的信息化发展整体上处于领先位置，极化作用突出，本部各省只是在局部地区显示了信息化发展的相对领先，显示出非均衡发展的特点。中部还处于信息化发展水平较低的均衡发展阶段。基于此，本文考虑将信息化作为一种内生经济行为，研究信息化对省域经济的影响。研究显示，信息化促进了东部经济的快速增长，对长江三角洲、珠江三角洲和环渤海地区的经济贡献尤为突出。在西部地区，信息化设施对地理位置偏远的省区较工业基础相对优越省区的经济增长作用突出。即信息化是改善地理位置边远地区经济发展条件的重要手段。同时信息化对中部地区经济提出严重挑战。却在西部地区普遍呈现出强劲的增长带动作用，也就是说信息产业对实现落后地区的跨越式发展是有根据的。     

不同经济发展阶段区域经济发展差异比较

在介绍区域经济发展阶段各种理论及划分方法的基础上,通过计算1985-2004年间,广西崇左市、安徽滁州市、江苏南通市经济发展的变化轨迹,确定不同区域经济发展阶段.利用偏离-份额分析法对区域经济发展水平进行研究,表明崇左市经济结构较差,结构对于经济增长的贡献小且竞争能力较弱;滁州市经济中增长快的产业部门比重较大,总体经济结构较好,结构对于经济增长具有一定贡献,竞争能力较强;南通市经济中朝阳的、增长快的产业部门比重大,总体经济结构好,结构对于经济增长的贡献大,且各产业部门总的增长势头大,具有很强的竞争能力.建议:①崇左市参与中国-东盟自由贸易区、中越"两廊一圈"经济带以及泛珠三角经济区域,吸收泛珠三角经济区的产业转移,加快发展国际贸易.②滁州市应融入南京都市圈,吸引和承接东部地区的产业转移,注意生态城市建设,发展循环经济,实现经济和生态环境的综合协调发展.③南通市应把资源节约型的增长模式和消费方式作为经济增长方式转变的核心,提升产业的综合竞争力,最终实现经济社会协调发展.     

环鄱阳湖旅游圈旅游经济联系与区域发展策略

旅游圈是推进区域旅游发展的有效载体,对区域内各地区间旅游经济关系产生重要影响。以资源主导型的环鄱阳湖区域为例,根据该区域旅游经济现状,以该研究区5个地级市所属的国家3A级及以上67个旅游景区为研究对象,从景区景观质量引力指数、旅游规模和交通可达性对传统引力模型进行修正,测度2003~2015年各地区间旅游经济联系强度及其演变情况,揭示环鄱阳湖区域旅游经济联系总量呈现出快速增长且联系紧密、区域差异较明显、交通作用逐渐增强等特征。在此基础上,提出构建环鄱阳湖旅游圈区域旅游发展的基本模式,以及圈内各地旅游经济联系的思路,形成多极核的网络化结构旅游圈层格局,并演进为区域旅游圈的一般结构模式,为推进区域旅游可持续发展提供借鉴。     

东北农牧交错生态脆弱区可持续发展研究

生态脆弱区是经济落后、人民生活较为贫困的地区．是可持续发展领域重点研究地区之一。实现生态脆弱区可持续发展管理的重要基础之一是对其发展现状进行综合测度。以我国典型生态脆弱区-东北农牧交错区为例．运用所建立的指标体系对阜新、通辽、赤峰等典型样点地区的可持续发展现状进行评估．对引致区域可持续发展现状的主要原因进行剖析；对1990年和2002年两个不同时段的可持续发展状态进行对比分析。结果表明资源与环境状况是影响区域可持续发展的关键因子．经济发展是提高可持续发展能力的根本保证．社会、人口、科技子系统对区域可持续发展具有重要作用。基于对上述问题的分析．提出东北农牧交错区可持续发展能力建设的几点对策。     

长江旅游带旅游资源空间格局研究

旅游资源的空间格局是旅游产业规划、布局的重要基础。本文选择长江旅游带9省2市世界遗产地、国家级自然保护区、5A旅游景区、全国重点文物保护单位等12类共计4 729处旅游资源单体的空间分布数据,借助Arc GIS软件,运用空间自相关分析和核密度估计法对旅游资源空间格局进行了分析。结果表明,长江旅游带总体旅游资源、自然旅游资源和人文旅游资源在空间上均具有明显的聚类特征。总体旅游资源沿北纬30°线、G318国道以及沪昆、沪汉蓉高铁等交通主干线分布趋势明显;高级别旅游资源主要集中在长江三角洲地区;自然旅游资源主要集中在沪汉蓉及沪昆高铁沿线及其中间地带;人文旅游资源主要集聚在长江以南的长江三角洲、古徽州地区、滇西北地区以及黔东南少数民族地区。依据得出的旅游资源空间格局特征和分布规律,建议依托长江水道、G318国道和沿线高铁,打造东西向快速旅游通道和精品旅游线路;依托政策优势,联合多方组织机构形成跨区域旅游合作共同体。