同步反硝化聚磷的试验研究

采用SBR反应器和人工合成废水研究了同步反硝化聚磷的条件和影响因素.试验结果表明,厌氧/好氧方式下驯养的生物除磷污泥,在厌氧期之后供给硝酸盐,则污泥可以很快实现同步反硝化聚磷.聚磷前厌氧阶段的存在是实现反硝化聚磷必不可少的重要前提.在没有NO₃^-干扰而且乙酸钠为唯一碳源下,最佳厌氧时间为60min.先于缺氧期微生物接触硝酸盐,会使反硝化聚磷减弱甚至丧失.缺氧段NO₃^--浓度是影响反硝化聚磷效果的因素之一.在厌氧(2h)-缺氧(1h)-好氧(2h)的试验条件下,当NO₃^--N浓度由5mg/L上升至20mg/L时,其反硝化聚磷效率由11.9%上升至48.7%.但NO₃^--N浓度提高到了20mg/L以上时,其效率提高得不很明显.好氧段的存在不会使诱导形成的反硝化聚磷消失,但缩短好氧时间有助于提高DNPA在除磷中的比例.     

Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in a combined A2/O-BAF system with a short aerobic SRT

A bench-scale anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic process-biological aerated filter （A^2/O-BAF） combined system was carded out to treat wastewater with lower C/N and C/P ratios. The A^2/O process was operated in a short aerobic sludge retention time （SRT） for organic pollutants and phosphorus removal, and denitrification. The subsequent BAF process was mainly used for nitrification. The BAF effluent was partially returned to anoxic zone of the A^2/O process to provide electron acceptors for denitrification and anoxic P uptake. This unique system formed an environment for reproducing the denitdfying phosphate-accumulating organisms （DPAOs）. The ratio of DPAOs to phosphorus accumulating organisms （PAOs） could be maintained at 28% by optimizing the organic loads in the anaerobic zone and the nitrate loads into the anoxic zone in the A^2/O process. The aerobic phosphorus over-uptake and discharge of excess activated sludge was the main mechanism of phosphorus removal in the combined system. The aerobic SRT of the A^2/O process should meet the demands for the development of aerobic PAOs and the restraint on the nitrifiers growth, and the contact time in the aerobic zone of the A^2/O process should be longer than 30 min, which ensured efficient phosphorus removal in the combined system. The adequate BAF effluent return rates should be controlled with 1--4 mg/L nitrate nitrogen in the anoxic zone effluent of A^2/O process to achieve the optimal nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies.     

侧流污泥返送到缺氧池对A2/O系统效能影响研究

为了探究侧流化学磷回收后生物污泥返送对主流系统的影响,连续85d对A²/O系统厌氧池混合液中的磷进行侧流化学回收,并将侧流生物污泥回流到缺氧池,考察了系统整体的磷、氮、有机物的去除,及生物除磷途径与污泥性能的变化.结果表明,刚开始系统除磷效果有所提高,出水PO₄^3-浓度为（0.07±0.04） mg/L;20d后污泥沉降性能开始变差,除磷性能恶化,但对氮和有机物去除一直无显著影响;厌氧释磷速率和好氧吸磷速率下降,但缺氧吸磷速率却增加,缺氧反硝化聚磷和好氧聚磷的除磷比例由43.20%上升为53.38%,反硝化聚磷除磷得到了加强;污泥微生物胞内PHA和糖原的代谢模式无变化,但厌氧段合成的PHA量逐步下降;侧流磷最大回收量占进水磷量的24.75%,能够实现可观的磷回收效果;系统发生崩溃后,停止侧流化学磷回收,系统各功能就会逐渐得到恢复,可实现系统连续运行.     

Effects of nitrite on phosphate uptake in anaerobic-oxic process

An anaerobic-oxic (A/O) biological phosphorus removal reactor was operated to study the effect of nitrite on phosphate uptake. The phosphorus uptake profile was determined under different operating conditions. The results indicated that in addition to oxygen and nitrate (DPB_Na, nitrate denitrifying phosphorus removal), to some extent, nitrite could also serve as an electron acceptor to achieve nitrite denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPB_Ni). The quantity and rate of phosphorus uptake of DPB_Ni, however, were evidently lower than that of DPB_Na. The experiment results revealed that nitrite would bring toxic action to phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) when NO₂ ⁻-N ⩾ 93.7 mg/L. The nitrite existing in the anoxic reactor made no difference to the quantity and rate of denitrifying phosphorus removal, but it could reduce the consumption of nitrate. Moreover, the data showed that the aerobic phosphate uptake of DPB_Ni was lower than that of anaerobic phosphorus-released sludge in a traditional A/O process. However, there was not much difference between these two kinds of sludge in terms of the total phosphorus uptake quantity and the effluent quality. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(4): 701–703 [译自: 环境科学]     

A2/O污水处理工艺中基质转化机理研究

以实际污水培养驯化污泥的小试规模A²/O工艺为研究对象,对系统中基质的转化机理及硝态氮对基质转化的影响进行了批式试验研究.结果表明,在无硝态氮存在于厌氧环境的系统中,厌氧段消耗的COD有51%可被聚磷菌吸收并合成为聚羟基链烷酸(PHAs);缺氧和好氧条件下的比吸磷速率为3.87和6.54 mg/(g·h),利用单位PHAs的吸磷量(r_P/PHA)分别为0.38和0.78.而在有硝态氮存在于厌氧环境的系统中,厌氧段消耗的COD仅有30.8%可被聚磷菌吸收并合成PHAs,61.5%用于还原硝态氮;缺氧和好氧条件下的比吸磷速率为2.24和4.58 mg/(g·h),r_P/PHA值分别为0.35和0.77.同时,在这2个系统中厌氧阶段释放的磷和消耗的COD成良好的线性关系.硝态氮存在于厌氧环境会降低聚磷菌的厌氧释磷速率和效率,使PHAs的合成量减少,从而降低聚磷菌的缺氧和好氧吸磷速率,但并不会影响其吸磷能力.     

一体化工艺中反硝化聚磷菌比例测定研究

反硝化聚磷菌可以在缺氧条件下利用硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮作为电子受体完成吸磷过程,确定反硝化聚磷菌比例对于强化反硝化除磷作用具有重要意义。从一体化活性污泥工艺中取污泥混合液,加入蔗糖合200mg/LCOD后进行厌氧搅拌,2h后将厌氧污泥分成三等份,其中两份分别加入10mg/LNO3--N、10mg/LNO2--N后缺氧搅拌2h,另一份用充氧仪曝气2h。根据厌氧、缺氧/好氧交替过程中不同电子受体下的除磷量,可以简便的确定反硝化聚磷菌在全部聚磷菌中的比例,结果表明该一体化工艺中反硝化聚磷菌在全部聚磷菌中的比例达到98.92%。     

同时硝化/反硝化除磷工艺的脱氮除磷效能

为实现同时硝化/反硝化除磷(SNDPR),在序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)中,采用厌氧/好氧和厌氧/缺氧/好氧2种运行模式驯化污泥,并考察了厌氧/低氧模式下SNDPR过程中COD、PHB、TP、TN、DO和电化学参数的变化规律。结果表明,经2阶段驯化,反硝化聚磷菌比例提升至85.9%,硝化速率达5.97 mg(/L.h),实现了反硝化除磷菌和硝化菌的良好共存;在厌氧/低氧模式下,SNDPR对低碳城市污水具有良好脱氮除磷效果,TP、TN和COD去除率达到93.7%、79%和87.7%;PHB与COD降解、TN降解和TP吸收有良好的相关性,也是SNDPR过程的碳源驱动力;pH和ORP曲线上"谷点"预示厌氧释磷结束,pH曲线"折点"指示SNDPR结束。     

A2O-BAF工艺反硝化聚磷效果的影响因素

为了提高系统的反硝化除磷脱氮效率,采用静态试验考察了厌氧反应时间和厌氧段COD对A2O-BAF工艺反硝化聚磷效果的影响,同时对缺氧阶段反硝化聚磷量与脱氮量之间的关系进行了探讨.试验结果发现,在试验范围内,随着厌氧反应时间和厌氧段COD的增加,厌氧释磷量均增加,反硝化聚磷量,净聚磷量和硝氮去除量亦都随之增加,但是反硝化聚磷量与释磷量的比值基本维持不变.在2组8个不同的试验条件下,缺氧段反硝化聚磷量和脱氮量之间均呈现出良好的线性关系,系数为1.007~1.053,R2为0.992~0.997,反映了A2O-BAF系统中污泥的固有特性.     

Biological nitrogen removal with enhanced phosphate uptake in (AO)2 SBR using single sludge system

IntroductionBiologicalphosphorusandnitrogenremovalprocesshasprovidedsignificantbenefitstoameliorateeutrophicationofsurfacewaterwithoutexacerbatingsalination .Recentresearchesonnitrogenremovalaremostlyeithertowardsimprovementofperformanceandenergysavingsintraditionalprocessesortowardsdevelopmentofnewprocesses microorganismsthatareabletoconvertammonium oxidatednitrogenintoharmlessforms.Shorternitrificationanddenitrification ,i.e .partialoxidationofNH 4toNO-2 andsubsequentreductionofthelatterto…     

不同缺氧段硝酸盐氮浓度条件下连续流单污泥污水处理系统PHA、TP代谢

根据试验结果和物料平衡分析,揭示了连续流单污泥污水处理系统在不同主要缺氧段硝酸盐氮质量浓度[c(NO3)]条件下运行时的PHA、TP代谢规律,从反应机制方面评价以c(NO3)作为连续流单污泥污水处理系统运行控制参数的有效性.采用PLC自动控制系统,以硝化液内循环流量作为被控变量,基于反馈控制结构,在c(NO3)设定值分别为0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0、3.5以及4.0 mg·L-1的条件下进行试验研究,进水水质及其他运行设计参数保持不变.结果表明,当c(NO3)设定值为2.5mg·L-1时,厌氧段和预缺氧段PHA合成并贮存量、主要缺氧段PHA降解量、厌氧段和预缺氧段磷释放量、系统总吸磷量以及主要缺氧段磷吸收量等均达到最大值,分别为35.32、1.71、20.44、6.16、0.32、8.04、3.67 g·d-1.这从PHA和TP代谢机制角度进一步证实了c(NO3)可作为连续流单污泥污水处理系统的运行控制参数,其最佳设定值为2.5 mg·L-1.     

SBR中短程反硝化除磷菌的培养驯化研究

以周期运行培养方式在间隙反应器中驯化以亚硝酸盐作为电子受体的反硝化除磷菌,并比较了硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐作为电子受体时反硝化除磷的效果.结果表明,经厌氧/好氧+厌氧/缺氧(连续投加硝酸盐)+厌氧/缺氧/好氧(连续投加亚硝酸盐)方式成功筛选出能以亚硝酸盐作电子受体的反硝化除磷菌,该系统磷的去除率可达88.62％;在外加硝酸盐,...     

Denitrifying phosphorus removal in a step-feed CAST with alternating anoxic-oxic operational strategy

A bench-scale cyclic activated sludge technology (CAST) was operated to study the biological phosphorus removal performance and a series of batch tests was carried out to demonstrate the accumulation of denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (DNPAOs) in CAST system. Under all operating conditions, step-feed CAST with enough carbon sources in influent had the highest nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency as well as good sludge settling performance. The average removal rate of COD, NH₄⁺-N, PO₄³⁻ -P and total nitrogen (TN) was 88.2%, 98.7%, 97.5% and 92.1%, respectively. The average sludge volume index (SVI) was 133 mL/g. The optimum anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic (AOA) conditions for the cultivation of DNPAOs could be achieved by alternating anoxic/oxic operational strategy, thus a significant denitrifying phosphorus removal occurred in step-feed CAST. The denitrification of NOx− -N completed quickly due to step-feed operation and enough carbon sources, which could enhance phosphorus release and further phosphorus uptake capability of the system. Batch tests also proved that polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) in the step-feed process had strong denitrifying phosphorus removal capacity. Both nitrate and nitrite could be used as electron acceptors in denitrifying phosphorus removal. Low COD supply with step-feed operation strategy would favor DNPAOs accumulation.     

DPR-SNED系统处理低C/N城市污水与硝酸盐废水的运行特性

为实现低C/N城市污水与含硝酸盐废水的同步处理,采用SBR接种活性污泥,通过合理控制厌氧/缺氧/低氧时间和溶解氧(DO)浓度,实现了反硝化除磷耦合同步硝化内源反硝化(DPR-SNED)系统的启动,并对启动过程中系统的脱氮除磷特性进行了研究.结果表明采用厌氧/低氧的运行方式,控制厌氧时间为3 h,好氧段DO浓度为0. 5～1. 0 mg·L-1,60 d可实现同步硝化内源反硝化除磷(SNEDPR)系统的启动,出水PO_4~(3-)-P浓度0. 5 mg·L-1,系统氮磷去除率维持在90%以上,COD的去除率维持在80%以上,系统SNED率和CODins率分别维持在70%和95%左右;随后改变运行方式,采用厌氧/缺氧/低氧的方式运行,缺氧段前进含硝酸盐废水,45 d可实现DPR-SNED系统的启动,缺氧末PO_4~(3-)-P浓度1. 1 mg·L-1,出水PO_4~(3-)-P浓度0. 5 mg·L-1,系统磷、COD去除率均维持在90%以上,氮去除率维持在88%以上,系统SNED率和CODins率分别维持在62%和90%左右. DPR-SNED系统的成功启动后,厌氧段聚糖菌和聚磷菌对城市污水有限碳源的充分利用和强化储存,可为后续缺氧段及好氧段的脱氮除磷提供充足的内碳源.此外,DPR-SNED系统缺氧段内源短程反硝化的进行保障了系统在低C/N(4)条件下的高效脱氮.     

亚硝酸盐对聚磷菌吸磷效果的影响

以厌氧/好氧生化反应器中的聚磷菌为实验对象,探讨了亚硝酸盐对聚磷菌吸磷效果的影响.结果表明:低浓度NO₂^--N可以作为聚磷菌的电子受体,实现NO₂^--N型反硝化除磷,但吸磷总量和吸磷速率明显低于NO₃^--N型反硝化除磷的效果;当NO₂^--N和NO₃^--N共存于缺氧环境时,NO₂^--N对NO₃^--N型反硝化除磷的除磷总量和速率没有影响,但会降低NO₃^--N的消耗量;NO₂^--N型反硝化除磷污泥的好氧吸磷量和速率均低于传统A/O厌氧放磷污泥的效果,但由于它经历了缺氧吸磷和好氧吸磷2个阶段,因此,从吸磷总量或出水水质看,二者相差不大.     

SBR中生物除磷颗粒污泥的反硝化聚磷研究

反硝化聚磷菌(DNPAOs)可利用厌氧储存的聚.3.羟基丁酸(PHB)以硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐为电子受体进行过量吸磷和反硝化,从而达到在低碳源下脱氮除磷的双重目的.本试验在SBR反应器中,采用厌氧,缺氧/好氧(A/A/O)交替运行的方式.将富集聚磷菌(PAOs)的颗粒污泥成功地诱导为具有反硝化聚磷能力的颗粒污泥.诱导结束后P的去除率在90%以上,NOx-N的去除率在93%以上,厌氧段释磷量在25-33 mg/L,缺氧段每去除lg NOx-N吸收P约1.3 g;典型周期运行结果显示,厌氧段最大比释磷速率(SRPR)为18.39 mg/(g.h),缺氧段最大比吸磷速率(SUPR)为23.72 mg/(g·h),最大比反硝化速率(SDNR)为18.19mg/(g·h),好氧段最大SUPR为17.15 me,/(g·h):颗粒污泥中DNPAOs的数量由诱导前的14.9%增加到80.7%.与除磷颗粒污泥相比.反硝化聚磷颗粒污泥沉速提高0.16-0.7倍,比重提高0.003 1.     

反硝化除磷污泥的缺氧吸磷性能研究

为探讨反硝化除磷过程中污泥的缺氧吸磷性能,利用厌氧/缺氧强化驯化得到的反硝化除磷污泥,通过间歇性试验考察不同电子受体类型、不同污泥浓度(MLSS)对吸磷过程的影响。试验结果表明,缺氧条件下反硝化除磷菌(DPB)利用硝酸盐作为电子受体能够彻底吸磷,其吸磷速率约为好氧吸磷的59%;若以亚硝酸盐为电子受体,浓度较低时(10.6 mg/L)的吸磷速率与硝酸盐为电子受体时相当,但较高的亚硝酸盐浓度(22.6 mg/L)会抑制反硝化除磷过程;适当提高污泥浓度能加快缺氧吸磷速度,而过高的污泥浓度会降低污泥对氮、磷的比去除速率,故应将MLSS控制在合理的范围内。     

多点交替进水阶式A2/O工艺氮磷去除途径

为分析CMICAO(多点交替进水阶式A2/O)工艺处理实际生活污水时对氮、磷的去除机理,基于物料衡算方程,计算各反应池内污染物质量浓度,并与实测值进行对比,分析氮、磷的去除途径,提出强化工艺脱氮除磷的方法.结果表明,试验条件下,出水中ρ(TP)、ρ(TN)和ρ(氨氮)分别为(0.41±0.08)、(10.24±0.40)和(2.07±0.30)mg/L.除微生物同化作用外,系统中的氮主要通过好氧硝化、缺氧/厌氧反硝化及SND(同步硝化反硝化)途径去除,阶段一3#反应池、阶段二2#反应池和阶段三1#反应池的SND率分别达到37%、52%和58%左右.磷通过聚磷菌厌氧/缺氧释磷、好氧吸磷和反硝化除磷途径去除,阶段一4#池的反硝化吸磷量达到3 mg/L左右.降低好氧池ρ(DO)和改变缺氧池与厌氧池的进水量比例可强化脱氮除磷效果.     

两级生物选择同步除磷脱氮新工艺

针对现有市政污水处理工艺难以兼顾同时生物脱氮除磷的矛盾,结合生活污水低碳氮比的特点,通过在传统的A/O工艺的基础上增设了1个厌氧选择器以提供生物释磷最适宜环境,1个缺氧选择器以避免回流污泥中硝酸盐对厌氧释磷影响以及防止污泥膨胀,开发了一种新型的2级生物选择同步除磷脱氮新工艺.研究表明,应用2级生物选择反硝化除磷脱氮工艺处理生活污水,当进水COD/TN=4.4, COD/TP=33的情况下,稳定期的COD、氨氮、总磷的去除效率分别可达到88%、90%和97%,出水水质达到了国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级A标准,反硝化除磷量占总除磷量的35%,并且缺氧段硝酸盐量和缺氧吸磷量成明显的线性关系,平均每消耗1mgNO3--N约吸收1.8mgTP,此线性关系可作为本工艺反硝化除磷的一个重要控制参数.     

On-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR)

The objectives of this study were to establish an on-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal synchronously of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The SBR for municipal wastewater treatment was operated in sequences: filling, anaerobic, oxic, anoxic, oxic, settling and discharge. The reactor was equipped with on-line monitoring sensors for dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH. The variation of DO, ORP and pH is relevant to each phase of biological process for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in this SBR. The characteristic points of DO, ORP and pH can be used to judge and control the stages of process that include: phosphate release by the turning points of ORP and pH; nitrification by the ammonia valley of pH and ammonia elbows of DO and ORP; denitrification by the nitrate knee of ORP and nitrate apex of pH; phosphate uptake by the turning point of pH; and residual organic carbon oxidation by the carbon elbows of DO and ORP. The controlling system can operate automatically for nitrogen and phosphorus efficiently removal. __________ Translated from Water & Wastewater Engineering, 2006, 26(5): 728–733 [译自: 给水排水]     

乙酸钠为碳源时进水COD和总磷对生物除磷的影响

研究了乙酸钠为碳源时,乙酸盐和总磷浓度对循序间歇式生物除磷工艺运行效果的影响,以及含高浓度乙酸盐废水不能有效除磷的原因结果表明:COD<600mg·L^-1时,随着COD/TP值的增大,总磷去除率提高,COD/TP<50时,磷的去除率提高显著,但当COD/TP>50时,磷的去除变化不大;进水乙酸盐浓度过高(COD>600mg·L^-1)使除磷效率逐渐下降,COD>1000 mg·L^-1会使生物除磷系统完全崩溃;研究发现除磷效率的下降是由于过多的乙酸盐从厌氧段进入了好氧段,引起丝状菌的增殖、污泥膨胀,导致聚磷菌被洗出.