ABC干粉抑制瓦斯爆炸的实验研究

为测定ABC干粉对瓦斯爆炸的抑制作用,采用容积为20L的近球形抑爆实验系统,粒径为20.76μm,主要成分为高聚合度磷酸铵盐的ABC干粉进行瓦斯抑爆实验。实验结果表明：ABC干粉的添加能够降低瓦斯爆炸的压力;粉体浓度为0.10g/L时,抑爆效果最好;粉体的抑爆效果,不仅与粉体浓度有关,还与爆炸性混合气体中的甲烷浓度有关;点火延迟时间越长,粉体抑爆效果越差。     

草酸盐粉体抑制甲烷爆炸的试验研究

为了研究草酸盐粉体抑制甲烷爆炸特性,选取草酸钾、草酸钠、草酸亚铁3种较为常见的草酸盐粉体作为抑爆材料,分析了草酸盐粉体作用下的甲烷爆炸特性。结果表明,3种草酸盐粉体均具有一定的甲烷爆炸抑制作用,其抑爆作用由强到弱依次为草酸钾、草酸钠、草酸亚铁。草酸钾、草酸钠和草酸亚铁的最佳抑爆粉体质量浓度分别为0.22g/L、0.26 g/L和0.26 g/L,最大爆炸压力的降幅分别为33.25%、30.03%和20.83%。结合热重分析和甲烷爆炸抑制特性,探讨了草酸盐粉体的甲烷抑爆作用机理。     

ABC和BC干粉抑制92号汽油蒸气-空气混合物爆炸效果研究

为研究干粉组成及粒径对其抑制汽油蒸气与空气混合物爆炸效果的影响,以92号汽油为例,在220 L爆炸罐基础上建立一整套可燃气体(液体蒸气)抑爆研究装置。选取磷酸铵盐、超细磷酸铵盐和钠盐3种干粉为抑爆剂。通过时间继电器调节点火时间,在油气爆燃转爆轰阶段喷射干粉,比较抑爆前后汽油蒸气爆炸的峰值压力、压力上升速率和能量的变化。试验结果表明:铵盐对汽油蒸气的抑爆效果优于钠盐,适当降低磷酸铵盐的粒径有利于提高气体抑爆效果。超细铵盐抑制汽油蒸气爆炸的效果最佳,能降低58.5%的汽油爆炸压力和31.6%的爆炸能量,3种干粉的最佳抑爆质量浓度分别为:超细铵盐0.682 g/L,铵盐0.228 g/L,钠盐0.455 g/L。     

抛光铝粉爆炸及ABC粉体抑爆特性的实验研究

为研究抛光铝粉的爆炸危险和ABC粉体的抑爆特性，在对实验粉体粒径分布进行分析的基础上，采用20 L粉尘爆炸特性实验装置，分别对不同铝粉尘浓度、不同抑爆剂浓度条件下的爆炸特性参数进行测试。研究结果表明:在实验条件下，铝粉的爆炸下限为45 g/m3＜C＜60 g/m3；随铝粉浓度增加，爆炸烈度呈现出先增强后减弱的变化趋势，在浓度为400 g/m3时爆炸烈度最大。ABC抑爆剂能够有效抑制铝粉爆炸超压和爆炸反应进程，随着惰性粉体浓度的增加，抑制效果愈加明显，爆炸逐渐减弱。当ABC惰性粉体的质量占比增加到50%时，相较单一铝粉爆炸，反应过程时间由72 ms增加至785 ms，爆炸最大压力、最大压力上升速率分别下降了61.7%，89.5%；当ABC粉体质量占比为53%时，铝粉被完全惰化，未发生爆炸。     

管内煤粉爆炸特性及抑制技术研究

为更好地预防煤粉爆炸事故,利用大型水平粉尘爆炸试验管道系统开展试验,探讨煤粉粒度和挥发分含量对爆炸峰值超压的影响,选取ABC粉、CaCO_3粉和SiO_2粉等3种粉尘抑爆剂,分析抑爆剂种类、浓度和粒度等因素对煤尘爆炸抑制效果的影响。结果表明,煤粉粒度以及挥发分含量对爆炸峰值超压的影响程度随着煤粉质量浓度的增加逐渐减弱。试验所用3种粉尘抑爆剂的抑爆效果由高到低依次为ABC粉,SiO_2粉和CaCO_3粉。就ABC粉抑爆剂而言,平均粒径越小抑爆效果越好,且只有当其质量浓度超过920 g/m3时,才能完全抑制爆炸波,否则穿越抑爆区后将会重新成长。     

橡胶粉尘的爆炸特性及抑爆的试验研究

为了研究橡胶粉尘的爆炸特性以及惰性粉体对橡胶粉尘的抑爆,用20 L球形爆炸装置测试橡胶粉尘的爆炸特性,分析粉尘浓度和粒径对橡胶粉尘爆炸压力(pmax)和爆炸指数(Kst)的影响,并且探究聚磷酸铵、磷酸二氢铵、碳酸钙和碳酸氢钠4种不同惰性粉体对橡胶粉尘的抑爆效果及不同粒径的聚磷酸铵对橡胶粉尘爆炸压力的影响。结果表明:在爆炸极限范围内,橡胶粉尘的爆炸压力随粉尘质量浓度增加先增大后减小;橡胶粉尘粒径越小,其爆炸后果越严重;聚磷酸铵对橡胶粉尘的抑爆效果相对较好;且在一定质量浓度范围内粒径越小,抑爆效果越好。     

抑爆粉剂浓度及粒度对瓦斯爆炸抑制效果的影响

抑爆粉剂的参数指标是影响隔抑爆装置抑制瓦斯爆炸效果的重要因素之一。通过20 L球形爆炸特性实验装置对多种不同抑爆粉剂浓度及粒度条件下的瓦斯爆炸特性参数进行了测试。研究表明:随着抑爆剂浓度的逐渐增加，瓦斯爆炸最大压力降低，最大压力上升速率降低，压力到达峰值时间延迟；在20 L密闭环境，粉剂粒度＜15 μm的条件下，当抑爆粉剂浓度增加到225 g/m3时，瓦斯混合气体被完全惰化，失去爆炸性；在15~80 μm抑爆粉剂粒度范围内，随着粒度的减小，抑爆性能先减弱后增强，在抑爆粉剂浓度为200 g/m3时，15 μm 与70~80 μm粉剂粒度最大爆炸压力分别下降了19.8%，17.8%，而40~50 μm粒度爆炸压力下降了6.4%。     

纳米粉体抑制矿井瓦斯爆炸的实验研究

针对目前粉体抑爆剂抑制矿井瓦斯爆炸的局限性,采用自主改进的20 L近球型瓦斯抑爆实验系统进行纳米粉体的抑爆实验。其结果表明:同微米级粉体相比,纳米粉体的抑爆效果更好,甲烷最大爆炸压力、压力上升平均速率分别下降了70.5%和90%以上,爆炸压力峰值时间延长了3倍多;依据纳米粉体表面效应理论,从对爆炸过程中自由基的抑制作用分析了纳米粉体特殊的阻燃抑爆作用,并对纳米粉体及相关技术抑爆进行了展望。     

含瓦斯腔体及内置ABC干粉对瓦斯爆炸影响研究

为探索一种瓦斯泄漏至硐室结构后发生爆炸的抑制方法,自行搭建管径为200 mm、总长为17 500 mm并含500 mm×500 mm×200 mm(长×宽×高)腔体的大型圆管爆炸试验系统,测试该尺寸腔体内含瓦斯和其内置ABC干粉的抑爆效果;利用数值模拟方法,分析上述尺寸腔体内含瓦斯时的爆炸传播特征。结果表明:无瓦斯腔体结构对瓦斯爆炸有较好抑制效果,而含瓦斯腔体结构则相反,其腔体后较腔体前爆炸火焰及冲击波峰值超压分别增大1. 68倍和1. 45倍;含瓦斯腔体结构内置ABC干粉量分别为400和300 g时,腔体后较腔体前的爆炸火焰大小及冲击波峰值超压由增加变为减小,当内置ABC干粉量为600 g时,火焰及冲击波抑制率较无内置ABC干粉时抑制率分别提高108. 4%和77. 46%。     

采用火焰传感器的高速抑爆响应系统测试研究

为实现主动抑制瓦斯爆炸,研制了高速抑爆响应系统。选用尺寸为150mm×150mm×1 600mm的有机玻璃管道,在CH4体积分数为9.5%的条件下进行响应系统测试实验。系统采用火焰传感器进行爆炸火焰探测,通过所设计的程序自主判定瓦斯爆炸的发生并输出控制电信号,以继电器或MOS管为电路控制开关,通过电磁阀控制抑爆剂的喷出。实验结果表明,火焰传感器探测、信号采集、爆炸判断、输出电信号的总平均耗时为22ms,抑爆剂开始释放的平均时刻为59.8ms,抑爆剂释放到管道顶端的平均时刻为79.8ms。而爆炸火焰传播到达喷头所在1.0m处平均时刻为176.2ms。实验表明该系统具有高速主动抑爆响应功能和良好的稳定性、可靠性。     

Experimental study on the mitigation via an ultra-fine water mist of methane/coal dust mixture explosions in the presence of obstacles

In this paper, experimental investigations were performed for the mitigation via an ultra-fine water mist of methane/coal dust mixture explosions in the presence of obstacles to reveal the effects of the obstacles in this scenario. Two PCB piezo-electronic pressure transducers were used to acquire the pressure history, a Fastcam Ultima APX high-speed video camera was used to visualize both the process of the mixture explosion and its mitigation. The diameters of the coal dust, the types of obstacles and the volumes of ultra-fine water mist were varied in the tests. The parameters of the explosion overpressure and the range of critical volume flux of the ultra-fine water mist for explosion mitigation were determined. The results show that the mixture explosion and its mitigation are primarily influenced by the number, shape and set locations of the obstacles. When the volume flux of the water mist is larger than a certain amount, the mixture explosions and the effects of obstacles can be completely mitigated with the ultra-fine water mist.     

水平管道内障碍物数量对瓦斯爆炸过程的影响研究

为了研究水平管道内障碍物数量对瓦斯爆炸的影响,利用自制的水平管道式气体爆炸试验装置,选用阻塞率为60%的圆环型障碍物,在常温常压下对管道内障碍物数量分别为1片、3片、5片和7片时瓦斯(试验气体为甲烷与空气的混合物,下同)爆炸过程进行试验研究。结果表明:瓦斯的爆炸压力及其上升速率均随障碍物数量的增加呈先增后减的变化规律,而火焰传播速度则随着障碍物数量的增加单调递增,但递增幅度逐渐减小。在密闭置障管道内瓦斯的爆炸压力及其上升速率随测试位置长径比的增大先减小后增大,而火焰传播速度则随测试位置长径比的增大单调递减。     

多元混合气体爆炸特性及惰化防爆研究

为了完善常见多元混合气体爆炸特性参数数据库,为安全工程师开展城镇燃气防爆管理、安全操作规程的制定及对废弃管道进行改造、拆除提供依据,采用理论和试验方法对CO2与N2两种惰性气体对液化石油气(LPG)爆炸特性参数的影响规律进行了研究,对比分析了两种惰化剂对LPG的抑爆效果。结果表明:LPG体积分数为4.0%、CO2体积分数为22%时,LPG可燃气退出爆炸区间,此时极限氧体积分数为15.54%;LPG体积分数为3.5%、N2体积分数为32%时,LPG可燃气退出爆炸区间,此时极限氧体积分数为13.545%;两种惰化剂对LPG爆炸特性的抑制规律基本相似,但CO2的抑制效果明显优于N2。当CO2和N2充入的体积分数均为20%时,最大爆炸压力到达时间分别由166 ms延长到1 222 ms和826.30 ms;两种惰化剂用量在体积分数大于10%之前,对最大爆炸压力到达时间的影响均较小,因此在工程应用中采用惰化方式抑爆,惰化剂充入的体积分数需高于10%。     

甲烷/空气混合气燃爆特性的实验研究

对不同初始压力和温度条件下的甲烷/空气混合气的爆炸极限进行实验研究,利用最大-最小准则来确定爆炸极限.分析了温度和压力对甲烷/空气混合气燃爆特性的影响.采用氮气作为惰性气体,对其防爆抑爆效果进行了实验研究.     

对称障碍物条件下瓦斯爆炸火焰与压力波耦合作用研究

为了研究对称障碍物条件下瓦斯爆炸压力波与火焰传播的耦合作用,在150 mm×150 mm×1 700 mm的有机玻璃瓦斯爆炸管道中,距离点火端不同距离安装0.5阻塞率的对称障碍物,进行8.5%甲烷体积分数的爆炸试验,采集瓦斯爆炸的超压信号并同步拍摄火焰传播图像。结果表明:火焰穿越板式对称障碍物的过程经历了火焰加速、火焰降速到火焰再加速的过程,火焰降速的时间仅为5 ms。距离点火焰源不同长度的对称障碍物在火焰加速过程中的作用存在明显差异,近点火源的障碍物作用主要为诱导湍流,远离点火源的障碍物作用主要为湍流增强。     

A study on the obstacle-induced variation of the gas explosion characteristics

A study on the variation of the gas explosion characteristics caused by the built-in obstacles was conducted in enclosed/vented gas explosion vessels. It has been well known that the obstacles in pipes and long ducts would accelerate the flame propagation, and cause the transition from deflagration to detonation. In this study, the explosion characteristics and the flame behavior of vented explosions and constant-volume explosions were investigated. Experiments were carried out in a 270-liter and 36-liter hexahedron vessels filled with LPG–air mixture. The explosion characteristics of the gas mixture were determined by using a strain-responding pressure transducer. The flame behavior was recorded by using a high-speed video camera. The shape and the size of the obstacle, and the gas concentration, were adjusted in the experiments.

It can be seen from the experimental results that, instead of being accelerated, the flame propagation inside the explosion vessel is decelerated by the plate obstacles fixed at the bottom of the vessel. Also, the characteristics of the enclosed explosion are not so affected by the built-in obstacles as those of the vented explosion are. It is believed that the eddy-induced turbulence behind the obstacle decelerates the flame propagation.     

障碍物对气体爆炸压力场影响数值模拟

气体爆炸是工业生产和生活领域中爆炸灾害的主要形式之一,研究障碍物对管道内可燃气体爆炸的影响规律具有十分重要的现实意义。运用计算流体动力学软件AutoReaGas,定量地研究了障碍物阻塞率、个数等因素对管道中预混乙炔/空气混和物爆炸压力场的影响规律。计算结果表明,障碍物的个数和阻塞比对管道内乙炔气体爆炸峰值超压均有显著影响。本文的研究结果对于预防和控制气体爆炸灾害有一定的借鉴作用。     

Experimental investigation of gas explosion in single vessel and connected vessels

Gas explosion in connected vessels usually leads to high pressure and high rate of pressure increase which the vessels and pipes can not tolerate. Severe human casualties and property losses may occur due to the variation characteristics of gas explosion pressure in connected vessels. To determine gas explosion strength, an experimental testing system for methane and air mixture explosion in a single vessel, in a single vessel connected a pipe and in connected vessels has been set up. The experiment apparatus consisted of two spherical vessels of 350 mm and 600 mm in diameter, three connecting pipes of 89 mm in diameter and 6 m in length. First, the results of gas explosion pressure in a single vessel and connected vessels were compared and analyzed. And then the development of gas explosion, its changing characteristics and relevant influencing factors were analyzed. When gas explosion occurs in a single vessel, the maximum explosion pressure and pressure growth rate with ignition at the center of a spherical vessel are higher than those with ignition on the inner-wall of the vessel. In conclusion, besides ignition source on the inner wall, the ignition source at the center of the vessels must be avoided to reduce the damage level. When the gas mixture is ignited in the large vessel, the maximum explosion pressure and explosion pressure rising rate in the small vessel raise. And the maximum explosion pressure and pressure rising rate in connected vessels are higher than those in the single containment vessel. So whenever possible, some isolation techniques, such as fast-acting valves, rotary valves, etc., might be applied to reduce explosion strength in the integrated system. However, when the gas mixture is ignited in the small vessel, the maximum explosion pressures in the large vessel and in the small vessel both decrease. Moreover, the explosion pressure is lower than that in the single vessel. When gas explosion happens in a single vessel connected to a pipe, the maximum explosion pressure occurs at the end of the pipe if the gas mixture is ignited in the spherical vessel. Therefore, installing a pipe into the system can reduce the maximum explosion pressure, but it also causes the explosion pressure growth rate to increase.     

条形障碍物对瓦斯爆炸特性影响研究

我国煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故不断出现,造成了巨大的人员伤亡和经济损失,在置障条件下研究瓦斯爆炸特性,对预防和减少瓦斯爆炸事故具有重要意义。利用水平管道式爆炸试验装置,研究密闭管道内条形障碍物的数量和阻塞率对管道内瓦斯最大爆炸压力、火焰速度、最大爆炸压力上升速率和爆炸指数的影响以及敞口状态的影响。研究表明:障碍物对瓦斯爆炸具有显著激励作用,管道内瓦斯最大爆炸压力、火焰速度、最大爆炸压力上升速率和爆炸指数均显著增大,随着障碍物数量和阻塞率的增加,激励作用越明显;敞口状态下管道内最大爆炸压力、最大爆炸压力上升速率和爆炸指数均显著减小,火焰持续传播。研究结果对防治煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故提供一定的理论支持。     

Methane/coal dust/air explosions and their suppression by solid particle suppressing agents in a large-scale experimental tube

Methane/coal dust/air explosions under strong ignition conditions have been studied in a 199 mm inner diameter and 30.8 m long horizontal tube. A fuel gas/air manifold assembly was used to introduce methane and air into the experimental tube, and an array of 44 equally spaced dust dispersion units was used to disperse coal dust particles into the tube. The methane/coal dust/air mixture was ignited by a 7 m long epoxypropane mist cloud explosion. A deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) was observed, and a self-sustained detonation wave characterized by the existence of a transverse wave was propagated in the methane/coal dust/air mixtures.The suppressing effects on methane/coal dust/air mixture explosions of three solid particle suppressing agents have been studied. Coal dust and the suppressing agent were injected into the experimental tube by the dust dispersion units. The length of the suppression was 14 m. The suppression agents examined in this study comprised ABC powder, SiO₂ powder, and rock dust powder (CaCO₃). Methane/coal dust/air explosions can be efficiently suppressed by the suppression agents characterized by the rapid decrease in overpressure and propagating velocity of the explosion waves.