不同染料化合物在河流底泥上的吸附规律

采用静态吸附法研究北京清河底泥对染料化合物的吸附行为,并探讨了pH值,离子强度,温度等因素对吸附的影响,测定了6种染料的吸附等温线.结果表明,pH值、离子强度是影响吸附的主要因素,温度升高使吸附量增加,6种染料在底泥上的吸附都符合Freundlich方程.吸附动力学研究表明,吸附分为快速吸附(小于1h)和慢吸附(12h以上).     

阳离子桃红FG在清河底泥上的吸附行为研究

采用静态吸附法研究了北京清河底泥对阳离子桃红FG的吸附行为 ,考察了 pH值、离子强度、Ca2 含量和底泥中有机质对吸附的影响 ,测定了其吸附等温线 .结果表明 ,阳离子桃红FG在底泥上的吸附行为基本符合Freundlich吸附等温式 ,提高溶液pH值、降低离子强度有利于染料在底泥上的吸附 .Ca2 离子的加入抑制了染料的吸附 ,该染料与Ca2 存在竞争吸附现象 .去除底泥中有机质后染料的吸附百分率明显增加     

生物质炭对孔雀石绿和酸性橙的吸附研究

文章以生物质炭为吸附剂,研究了其对以孔雀石绿和酸性橙Ⅱ两种染料作为水污染物时的吸附行为,并且探讨了初始浓度、温度、离子强度及溶液p H值等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明吸附符合准二级动力学方程;离子强度对吸附效果贡献不大;随着p H值的增加,生物质炭对孔雀石绿的吸附量增加,而对酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附量降低;吸附热力学研究表明,吸附过程为自发的吸热反应,用Langmuir方程能够更好地对吸附等温线进行拟合。     

表面活性剂对2,4-二氯苯酚在黄土中吸附行为的影响

 研究了用阳离子表面活性剂单独改性和用阴、阳离子表面活性剂共同改性的黄土对水中2,4-二氯苯酚的吸附行为以及环境pH值和离子强度的影响.结果表明,天然黄土对2,4-二氯苯酚的等温吸附曲线满足Freundlich方程;改性后的黄土对2,4-二氯苯酚的吸附能力明显增强,吸附率提高2～9倍,且随着阳离子表面活性剂加入量的增多而增大,等温吸附曲线与天然黄土有所不同,并且阴离子表面活性剂的存在会减小相应阳离子表面活性剂改性黄土对2,4-二氯苯酚的吸附;随着pH值的逐渐增大,2,4-二氯苯酚的离子形态逐渐增多不利于改性黄土对2,4-二氯苯酚的吸附,而离子强度对吸附的影响程度却随着pH值的逐渐增大而增强.     

胡敏酸-针铁矿复合胶体对Pb2+的吸附特征

采用批平衡试验法,研究了胡敏酸-针铁矿复合胶体对Pb2+的等温吸附特征及pH值、离子强度、温度及共存Cd2+对复合胶体吸附Pb2+的影响.结果表明:在相同离子强度和温度条件下,pH值升高,最大吸附量(Smax)和吸附平衡常数(k)均增大,有利于吸附反应的进行.等温吸附方程以Langmuir方程拟合效果最好.当Pb2+平衡浓度为124.7mg/L时,吸附量增幅最大,达35mg/g.复合胶体对Pb2+的吸附动力学方程以Elovich方程拟合效果最好.pH值增大,平衡吸附速率提高.在相同pH值和离子强度条件下,温度升高,最大吸附量、吸附平衡常数、自由能变△G°的绝对值均增加,表明升高温度有利于吸附反应的进行.在相同温度和pH值条件下,复合胶体对Pb2+的吸附量随着离子强度的增加而增加.当存在Cd2+时,复合胶体对Pb2+的吸附量有所降低,但Cd2+对Pb2+竞争吸附影响不大.     

固液界面NOM吸附中疏水效应的影响研究

文章以腐殖酸和纳米Fe2O3为对象,着重研究了腐殖酸分子在纳米Fe2O3表面的吸附过程中的疏水效应,借助红外光谱和热重等分析方法研究了腐殖酸吸附前后的疏水性随溶液环境变化的规律。结果表明,当离子强度为0、0.005、0.01和0.05 mol/kg,pH值从7变到12时,纳米Fe2O3吸附溶解性腐殖酸分子后形成的复合体的热失重量随着pH值的升高先减小后增大。当pH值从7升高到10时,亲水性降低,疏水性增强;当pH值从10升高到12时,亲水性增强,疏水性降低。当离子强度为0.001 mol/kg,pH值从7变到12时,复合体的热失重量随着pH值的升高而减小,亲水性降低,疏水性增强。当pH值为定值,离子强度变化时,纳米Fe2O3吸附溶解性腐殖酸分子后形成的复合体的热失重量随着离子强度的增加不断变化,曲线呈现出波动趋势,亲、疏水性在交替变化。红外光谱分析结果说明,对纳米Fe2O3吸附溶解性腐殖酸分子后形成的复合体的亲疏水性起主要影响的官能团可能是亲水性的羟基-OH、羰基C=O和疏水性的CH2烷烃。     

黄河水体沉积物对水胺硫磷和辛硫磷的吸附

以黄河水及沉积物为研究对象 ,探讨了有机磷农药水胺硫磷和辛硫磷在黄河水体中的迁移规律 ,同时还研究了 pH值和离子强度等因素对迁移规律的影响。结果表明 ,沉积物对水胺硫磷和辛硫磷均有一定程度的吸附 ,且对辛硫磷的吸附量大于水胺硫磷 ,即辛硫磷在黄河水体中的迁移性小于水胺硫磷 ;其吸附等温线呈线性 ,是分配作用的结果。降低pH值和增加离子强度均使沉积物对水胺硫磷和辛硫磷吸附量减小。     

硝酸处理的碳纳米管吸附水溶液中汞离子的研究

碳纳米管是一种具有独特结构和优异性能的纳米材料。该文研究了硝酸处理的碳纳米管作为吸附剂吸附水溶液中的汞离子的吸附特性,考察了溶液pH值、吸附时间、溶液浓度以及吸附剂的量等因素对吸附行为的影响。实验结果表明:在pH值为2～5的范围内,碳纳米管对汞离子的吸附量随着pH值的增大而增大,并在pH为5时(对汞离子的吸附量)达到了最大值,在pH大于5时,pH值对吸附效果影响不大。碳纳米管吸附汞离子的量随着吸附时间的增加而增大,且在60min内达到了吸附平衡,当Hg2+浓度为20mg/L时吸附量为16.63mg/g。通过对Langmuir和Freundlich方程对吸附等温线的拟合比较,Langmuir方程更适合描述吸附特性。随着吸附剂量增加,吸附效率上升。研究结果表明,硝酸处理的碳纳米管是一种有效的水溶液中汞离子的吸附剂。     

羧基稻草阳离子吸附剂的制备及其去除水溶液中亚甲蓝的研究

为促进工业废水处理并降低废水处理费用,研究了柠檬酸热化学酯化法改性稻草制备可生物降解阳离子吸附剂的方法.实验比较了天然和改性稻草去除溶液中阳离子染料(亚甲蓝)的能力,研究了不同实验参数(pH值、吸附剂量、染料浓度、离子强度、吸附时间)对亚甲蓝吸附效果的影响在pH为2～10范围内,天然稻草去除亚甲蓝的能力随pH值的增加而增加,而改性稻草在pH≥3时对染料的去除率达到最大.改性稻草用量大于1.5g·L-1时几乎能完全去除浓度为250mg·L-1亚甲蓝溶液中的染料.改性稻草用量为2.0g·L-1对浓度为50～450mg·L-1的亚甲蓝溶液去除率保持在98%以上.增加溶液的离子强度会导致亚甲蓝去除率降低.染料吸附等温线符合Langmuir模式.吸附过程符合准一级反应动力学方程.酯化改性使染料的吸附剂粒子内扩散速率常数(kid)大大增加.研究结果表明,改性稻草是良好的亚甲蓝吸附剂.     

活性炭对染料废水的脱色研究

采用一种高比表面积活性炭吸附处理活性蓝溶液模拟废水。测定了所用的活性炭以及活性蓝染料的物理和化学参数,考察了pH、盐离子浓度对活性炭吸附活性蓝染料的影响。结果表明：在pH〈4时活性炭对染料的去除率最高,pH〉8时最低,在pH=4－8之间的去除率大致相等。中性条件下,增大溶液的离子强度能增加染料去除率,而碱性条件下相反。高初始浓度的染料体系中,增大盐离子强度能增加染料去除率,低初始浓度的染料体系中相反。     

Enhanced adsorption of Methylene Blue from aqueous solution by chitosan-g-poly （acrylic acid）/vermiculite hydrogel composites

A series of chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid)/vermiculite hydrogel composites were synthesized and used as adsorbents for the investigation of the e ect of process parameters such as vermiculite content, pH of dye solution, contact time, initial concentration of dye solution, temperature, ionic strength and concentration of surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate on the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The results showed that the adsorption capacity for dye increased with increasing pH, contact time and initial dye concentration, but decreased with increasing temperature, ionic strength and sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration in the present of the surfactant. The adsorption kinetics of MB onto the hydrogel composite followed pseudo second-order kinetics and the adsorption equilibrium data obeyed Langmuir isotherm. By introducing 10 wt.% vermiculite into chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid) polymeric network, the obtaining hydrogel composite showed the highest adsorption capacity for MB, and then could be regarded as a potential adsorbent for cationic dye removal in a wastewater treatment process.     

十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)在合成针铁矿表面的吸附特征

为了探究十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)在水合针铁矿(α-FeOOH)表面的吸附过程和机理,在不同pH值、离子强度以及温度下采用批处理法研究了针铁矿对BS-12的吸附特征;并对BS-12在针铁矿表面的吸附机制进行了探讨.研究结果表明:针铁矿对BS-12的吸附平衡时间约为8 h,吸附过程符合伪二级动力学模型,吸附速率受化学吸附机理控制.Freundlich等温吸附模型能较好地描述针铁矿对BS-12的吸附,pH值对针铁矿吸附BS-12影响显著,主要取决于针铁矿的电荷零点和BS-12的等电点;离子强度的增加对BS-12的吸附有促进作用;温度的升高促进BS-12的吸附.热力学参数结果表明,针铁矿对BS-12的吸附是一个具有熵增和焓增特征的自发性吸热过程.BS-12在针铁矿表面的吸附是一个较慢发生的吸热的化学吸附的过程,主要吸附机制为化学键作用和疏水结合模式.     

Characteristics of isothermal adsorption and desorption of aluminum ion to/from humic acids

The adsorption and desorption characteristics of Al3+ to/from humic acids at di erent pH, ionic strength, and temperature were studied by the C-25 glucosan-gel chromatography method. The results showed that the maximum adsorption amount (Qmax) and adsorption constant (k) increased, whereas, the absolute value of standard thermodynamic molar free energy change ( G0 m) decreased with the increase of pH at constant ionic strength and temperature. With ionic strength increasing from 0 to 0.15 mol/L, Qmax and k increased and the absolute value of G0 m decreased at constant pH and temperature. High temperature was unfavorable for the adsorption reaction, as indicated by the dramatic decrease of Qmax and the absolute value of G0 m with an increase in temperature. The standard thermodynamic molar free energy change ( G0 m) and the standard thermodynamic enthalpy change ( H0m ) of the adsorption reaction were both negative, suggesting that adsorption reaction was spontaneous and exothermic. The desorption rate of HA-Al3+ complex accelerated with the decrease of pH, and a significant linear relationship could be obtained between pH and the desorption rates of Al3+ from humic acids. These results demonstrated that the Al3+ adsorption reaction was a “biphase” reaction, and adsorption occurred at both the interior and exterior adsorption sites of humic acids.     

Removal of Methyl Violet from aqueous solutions using poly （acrylic acid.co-acrylamide）/attapulgite composite

The adsorption of Methyl Violet (MV) cationic dye from aqueous solution was carried out by using crosslinked poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/attapulgite (Poly(AA-co-AM)/ATP) composite as adsorbent. The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the composite such as pH, concentration of the dye, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dosage, ionic strength and surfactant were systematically investigated. The equilibrium data fitted very well to the Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity reached 1194 mg/g at 30°C. The thermodynamic parameters including G0, △H0 and △S 0 for the adsorption processes of MV on the composite were also calculated, and the negative △H0 and △G0 confirmed that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. The kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process was consistent with the pseudo second-order kinetic model and the desorption studies revealed that the regeneration of the composite adsorbent can be easily achieved.     

敌敌畏在土壤中吸附特性的研究

研究了敌敌畏在2种土壤(东胜土壤和杭锦2#土)中的吸附特性,观察了土壤的性质如w(有机质),w(粘粒),CEC,pH和离子强度等因素对吸附的影响.结果表明:敌敌畏在2种土壤中的吸附过程符合一级动力学规律,可用线性等温式描述,分配常数Kd分别为0.119 0和0.369 3 mL/g;敌敌畏在杭锦2#土中的吸附量比较大,在东胜土壤中的吸附速率比较快.土壤性质与分配常数的相关分析发现:支配敌敌畏在土壤中吸附的主要因素是pH和离子强度,随着pH的增加和离子强度的降低,敌敌畏在2种土壤中的吸附量增大.      

Effect of ionic strength on adsorption of As（Ⅲ） and As（Ⅴ） on variable charge soils

The study was to investigate the adsorption behavior of arsenite (As(Ⅲ)) and arsenate (As(Ⅴ)) on two variable charge soils, i.e., Haplic Acrisol and Rhodic Ferralsol at different ionic strengths and pH with batch methods. Results indicated that the amount of As(Ⅲ) adsorbed by these two soils increased with increasing solution pH, whereas it decreased with increasing ionic strength under the acidic condition. This suggested that As(Ⅲ) was mainly adsorbed on soil positive charge sites through electrostatic attraction under the acidic condition. Moreover, intersects of As(Ⅴ) adsorption-pH curves at different ionic strengths (a characteristic pH) are obtained for both soils. It was noted that above this pH, the adsorption of As(Ⅴ) was increased with increasing ionic strength, whereas below it the reverse trend was true. Precisely the intersect pH was 3.6 for Haplic Acrisol and 4.5 for Rhodic Ferralsol, which was near the values of PZSE (soil point of zero salt effect) of these soils. The effects of ionic strength and pH on arsenate adsorption by these soils were interpreted by the adsorption model. The results of zeta potential suggested that the potential in adsorption plane becomes less negative with increasing ionic strength above soil PZSE and decreases with increasing ionic strength below soil PZSE. These results further supported the hypothesis of the adsorption model that the potential in the adsorption plane changes with ionic strength with an opposite trend to surface charge of the soils. Therefore, the change of the potential in the adsorption plane was mainly responsible for the change of arsenate adsorption induced by ionic strength on variable charge soils.     

两性修饰膨润土对苯酚的吸附及热力学特征

采用两性修饰剂十八烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-18)制备两性修饰膨润土,通过X射线衍射和有机碳质量分数分析表征了修饰土的结构;以批处理法研究了两性修饰膨润土对苯酚的吸附规律,考察了修饰比例、温度、pH和离子强度这4个因素对吸附的影响,并从吸附等温线和吸附热力学角度分析探讨了其吸附机制.结果表明,两性修饰土的底面层间距与修饰比例呈正相关;两性修饰后的土样对苯酚的吸附能力显著增强,20℃和40℃时均表现为150BS(150%BS-18)>100BS(100%BS-18)>50BS(50%BS-18)>25BS(25%BS-18)>CK;吸附量随温度、pH的增加而减小,随离子强度的增大而增大;Henry模型适用于描述苯酚的吸附;苯酚在供试土样上的吸附以分配作用为主,分配系数与有机碳质量分数呈正相关;BS-18修饰土样吸附苯酚是一个自发的物理吸附过程,在0～100%CEC比例时,随修饰比例的增大,吸附呈现焓减、熵增特征,而100%～150%CEC阶段,吸附则表现出相反的特征.     

稻草生物炭对土壤中Cd2+和Pb2+的吸附特性

为了探究稻草生物炭对土壤中重金属Cd2+和Pb2+的吸附机制,采用水稻秸秆在500℃下热解制备稻草生物炭,设置不同吸附时间、Na+和Ca2+离子强度、pH等影响因素,拟合稻草生物炭对重金属的吸附动力学、吸附等温线;在此基础上,采用黄沙模拟土柱试验得出稻草生物炭固定Cd2+和Pb2+的穿透曲线,着重分析比较pH和Na+离子强度对稻草生物炭吸附固定重金属的影响.结果表明:在高pH、低离子强度下,稻草生物炭对重金属的吸附效果较好;当pH为6时,稻草生物炭对Pb2+、Cd2+的吸附效率分别为92.58%、63.36%;当离子强度为10 mmol/L时,稻草生物炭对Pb2+、Cd2+的最高吸附效率分别为97.58%、68.35%;准二级动力学模型能很好地拟合稻草生物炭对Pb2+、Cd2+的吸附规律,拟合系数（R2）均大于0.995 8,表明稻草生物炭吸附速率主要由化学吸附机制决定;此外,稻草生物炭对Pb2+的吸附规律适合采用Langmuir等温吸附模型进行描述,而对Cd2+的吸附规律采用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型均能进行很好的模拟,表明稻草生物炭对Pb2+的吸附是近似单分子层吸附,而对Cd2+的吸附存在多分子层吸附.由黄沙土柱模拟试验结果得出,稻草生物炭对Pb2+和Cd2+的滞留率随着pH的升高和离子强度的降低而增强.在Pb2+和Cd2+同时存在条件下,当pH为6、离子强度为1 mmol/L、稻草生物炭按黄沙质量的0.5%投加时,稻草生物炭对土柱中Pb2+、Cd2+的滞留效果最好.研究显示,高pH对稻草生物炭吸附固定重金属起到促进作用,而高离子强度对稻草生物炭吸附固定重金属起到抑制作用.