关于杂物电梯检验人员可达性问题的探讨

本文依据现行国家标准规范要求,以人员是否可进入机房、井道为例,探讨了杂物电梯检验过程中可达性问题。通过梳理TSG T7006—2012《电梯监督检验和定期检验规则——杂物电梯》（含第1号、第2号、第3号修改单）检验项,首次制作了杂物电梯人员是否可进入机房、井道相关项专项检验表。该专项检验表可作为检验人员的工作指导手册,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

浅析电梯对重越程距离的确定和检验

本文通过对TSG T7001—2009《电梯监督检验和定期检验规则——曳引与强制驱动电梯》相关项目的理解,分别根据对重压缩其缓冲器和轿厢压缩其缓冲器时相关项目的要求,通过推演分析,说明了电梯对重越程距离最大允许值是关于电梯井道两端空间和电梯具体配置(如电梯额定速度、缓冲器压缩行程、极限开关撞弓有效长度和对重导轨制导行程等)的函数,而其最小允许值与轿厢上极限开关安装位置有关,结合现场检验实例详解,对如何确定对重越程距离范围和分析判定对重越程距离的合理性进行了论述,对电梯对重越程距离的确定和检验提供较全面而具有可操作性的借鉴。     

电梯井道安全门的检验重点及整改措施探讨

在检验工作中经常发现电梯设置的井道安全门有很多不符合标准和检规要求的地方,存在很大安全隐患。本文根据实际检验的情况,介绍了井道安全门的检验重点,对存在的问题提出相应的整改措施。随后特别针对安全门与轿厢水平距离超标很大的情况,提出了设计整体式双层安全门的改进方案。最后提出了对电梯井道安全门出台专门管理规定的建议。     

我国现行电梯监督检验和定期检验规则的几个问题

本文指出我国现行电梯监督检验和定期检验规则模式不妥、监督检验内容未能体现过程监督检验等问题,提出树立整体特种设备管理理念,建议电梯监督检验和定期检验规则应分别为独立的电梯监督检验规则和电梯定期检验规则模式,在电梯监督检验项目中增设实质性施工过程的A类检验项目,增加质量保证体系的建立与实施等内容。     

曳引驱动电梯制动试验过程中的安全风险分析

为了降低老旧电梯制动试验过程中轿厢失控所引发的安全风险,本文总结出了制动试验过程中可能发生轿厢蹲底和对重冲顶、曳引系统破坏、导轨和轿厢变形等潜在事故,并对相应事故风险原因进行了分析总结,结合对GB7588-2003《电梯制造与安装安全规范》和TSG T7001-2009《电梯监督检验和定期检验规则——曳引与强制驱动电梯》的理解及相关经验总结,提出了相应事故风险预防和降低的措施,建议检验机构在做制动试验之前制定出有效可行的事故应急处理方案,确保制动试验过程中电梯失控引起的事故风险降到最低。本文为电梯维护保养技术人员和检验人员在电梯制动试验项目的检验过程中如何降低电梯制动试验的事故风险提供了借鉴。     

谈电梯新《规则》第3．16条（5）的检验

国家质检总局已于2009年12月4日批准颁布了佟GT7001—2009《电梯监督检验和定期检验规则——曳引与强制驱动电梯》（以下简称新《规则》），新《规则》对各检验条款的内容、要求和检验方法给出了一些指导意见。下面就新《规则》第3．16条（5）的检验，谈一些个人的理解和想法，不足之处，请同行指教。     

电梯井道安全门设置型式的探讨

日常工作中常发现电梯井道安全门设置型式及安全管理不当,存在安全隐患。本文简单介绍井道安全门设置中存在的问题及原因,就井道安全门与轿厢水平距离超标的情况提出改进方案,对电梯井道安全门安装和使用中存在的典型问题提出警示。     

再论轿厢上行超速保护

<正>随着《电梯监督和定期检验规则》(TSG T7001—2009)于2010年4月1日的正式实施以及《电梯试验方法》(GB/T 10059—2009)于2010年3月1日的正式实施,轿厢上行超速保护装置的相关要求,检验方法也在新颁布的检规和标准中得到进一步明确。因此,在新检规和新的电梯试验方法已经正式实施之际,有必要对电梯轿厢上行超速保护装置的结构、设计、特点以及检验内容、检验方法等方面进行一番探讨。1轿厢上行超速保护装置的组成及存在的问题1.1轿厢上行超速保护装置的组成型式及要求轿厢上行超速保护装置由两个部分组成;即     

普通电梯的“消防返回功能”与“消防电梯”辨析

国家质检总局于2009年12月4日发布的TSGT7001-2009《电梯监督检验和定期检验规则——曳引与强制驱动电梯》（以下简称“新检规”）已于2010年4月1日起正式实施。该规则附件A“曳引与强制驱动电梯监督检验和定期检验内容、要求与方法”中第8．8项为“消防返回功能试验”，其检验内容与要求为：     

限速器脱绳平台和校验电机固定装置的设计

限速器和安全钳是电梯超速和断绳的安全保护装置。GB7588-2003《电梯制造与安装安全规范》中规定,任何曳引电梯的轿厢都必须设有安全钳装置且安全钳装置必须由限速器来操纵;TSG／T700l-2009（（电梯监督检验和定期检验规则——曳引与强制驱动电梯》规定,应对限速器动作速度进行定期校验,才能确定限速器是否处于良好的可动作状态。1电梯限速器校验的常规方法     

基于典型案例的电梯轿厢意外移动保护装置的设置及检验探讨

检规TSG T7001-2009第2号修改单新增了对轿厢意外移动保护装置的检验要求,其中对检测子系统的检验理解存在着一定的争议。本文从轿厢意外移动保护装置的设置和组成出发,结合相关检验案例和标准要求探讨了对轿厢意外移动保护装置检验要求的理解,最后对轿厢意外移动保护装置的检验方法进行了分析,并提出了检验方面的建议。     

从产品缺陷案例和常见旁路装置结构中探讨旁路装置的检验要点

对于TSG T7OO1-2009《电梯监督检验和定期检验规则——曳引与强制驱动电梯》2号修改单以前生产的电梯,门锁回路故障时往往在机房控制柜处通过导线短接门锁回路来排查具体故障出处,导线短接操作常因忘记拆掉短接线而引发风险,错误的短接风险更大。电梯增加旁路装置,旁路时,电梯退出正常运行,只有在检修或紧急电动的情况下才能缓慢移动轿厢,并伴有声光报警,给维保人员提供了方便,本文从某品牌型号的电梯旁路装置产品缺陷以及三种常见旁路装置中探讨旁路装置的检验要点。     

电梯旁路装置常见故障以及检验流程

在TSG T7001-2009《电梯监督检验和定期检验规则——曳引与强制驱动电梯》2号修改单执行后,电梯旁路装置作为电梯的重要装置,极大地方便了维保人员维护保养电梯,以及排除相关的故障.本文通过旁路装置的相关要求,结合实例,描述了旁路装置的形式、常见故障,以及检验时的注意事项.     

压力容器制造监督检验常见问题及改进

压力容器制造监督检验不仅仅要对技术资料、检验与试验报告进行审查,对结果进行见证（如射线底片、压力试验等）,还要对影响容器本质安全的生产制造过程进行有效的检查、监督与控制。本文讨论了压力容器制造过程质量控制及监督检验工作中发现的一些常见问题,结合《压力容器监督检验规则》（TSG R7004-2013）的相关要求,提出了一些解决方法和改进建议。     

Deaths in construction related to personnel lifts, 1992-1999

Problem: This study examined deaths of construction workers due to personnel lifts (boom-supported and scissor lifts, suspended scaffolds, and crane platforms). Methods: Deaths of construction workers for 1992–1999 were examined using data from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, a Bureau of Labor Statistics database. Results: The study identified 339 deaths: 42% from boom-supported lifts; 26% from suspended scaffolds; 19% from scissor lifts; 5% from crane platforms; and 7% from unapproved lifts (e.g., forklift platforms). The main causes of death were falls (36%), collapses/tipovers (29%), and electrocutions (21%). Discussion: Recommendations include: following OSHA regulations, wearing personal fall protection equipment, adequate maintenance, inspection before use, and training on the model of lift used. Precautions are also needed to prevent contact with overhead power lines. Impact on industry: The increasing popularity of boom-supported lifts and scissor lifts, both in construction and other industries, make their safety an important issue.     

Prediction models for psychophysical lifting capabilities and the resulting physiological responses for work shifts of varied durations

This paper presents models for predicting estimates of maximum weights of lift acceptable to industrial workers for 8-hour work shifts. Prediction models are also presented for heart rate and oxygen uptake at the maximum acceptable weight of lift. Experimental data collected on 37 males and 37 females were used in developing and verifying these models. Each subject performed nine variations of a lifting task involving three heights, four frequencies, and three box sizes to determine estimates of acceptable lifts for 8-hour shifts. The final lifting capability prediction models explained 76 to 82% variance in the experimental data. A procedure is also described to determine, from these models, acceptable lifts for work periods of variable lengths. The physiological-response-prediction models, which provide estimates of heart rate and oxygen uptake at the maximum acceptable weight of lift, were, however, relatively inferior to other similar response models available in the literature. This is thought to be due to the differences between the psychophysical and physiological methodologies.     

电梯轿厢上行超速保护装置现状分析与检验要求

曳引驱动电梯上应装设符合要求的轿厢上行超速保护装置,使轿厢制停或使轿厢速度降低至对重缓冲器能够承受的设计范围内,防止“冲顶”事故。本文阐述了上行超速保护装置的设置历程,概述了上行超速保护装置的构成及现状,分析失效原因,提出检验方法。在此基础上指出检验过程中面临的问题,认为缺乏统一定性定量的试验方法及判别标准是目前亟待解决的问题关键,提出了相应的改善建议。     

浅谈儿童行为对电梯门区安全保护的影响

当儿童跟随大人乘坐电梯时,经常发生在电梯门区儿童受伤安全事故。本文介绍了儿童的好奇和探险行为、有限的认知能力以及有限的运动神经控制能力等天性行为,并通过对一些典型电梯事故案例中的儿童天性行为的分析,提出儿童的天性行为是导致这些电梯安全事故的根本原因,并指出儿童在乘坐针对成年人设计的电梯产品时存在的安全隐患,给电梯的设计与制造者提出了合理的建议。     

Fall arrest characteristics of a scissor lift

Problem

Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) data indicate 306 aerial lift fatalities between 1992-2003. Seventy-eight of these fatalities specifically involved scissor lifts. Members of standards committees have requested that NIOSH conduct research to determine the effects of safety-control practices related to using fall-protection systems for scissor lifts.

Method

This research examined the structural and dynamic stability of a scissor lift subjected to fall arrest forces. This was accomplished by conducting drop tests from a scissor lift. Anchorage locations evaluated included manufacturer-supplied anchorage points on the scissor lift platform as well as mid-rail and top-rail locations.

Results

Preliminary drop tests determined that a 2400 lb maximum arrest force (MAF) could be generated by dropping 169 lb through a fall height of 36” using Nystron® rope as a lanyard. The scissor lift maintained structural and dynamic stability for all drop tests when fully extended and on an incline.

Discussion

Anchoring a fall arrest system to either the mid-rail or top-rail is not a recommended practice by the scissor lift manufacturer. Anchor points are provided on the platform floor of the scissor lift for this purpose. However, our results demonstrate that the mid-rail and top-rail absorb substantial energy from an arrested fall and may have potential as appropriate anchorage points.

Impact to Industry

Employers and workers should consider implementing fall arrest systems when using scissor lifts as part of their overall risk mitigation plan for fall injury prevention.     

Aerial lift fall injuries: a surveillance and evaluation approach for targeting prevention activities

PROBLEM: Work on aerial lift platforms exposes workers to fall hazards. The objective of this study was to identify the most common injury scenarios and determine current research gaps for addressing fall incidents associated with aerial lifts. METHODS: Three databases were searched: Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI), NIOSH Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) reports, and OSHA Incident Investigation Records. RESULTS: The majority of falls/collapses/tipovers were within the height-category of 10-29 feet. Tipovers comprised 44-46% of boom-lift falls and 56-59% of scissor-lift falls. Constructing and repairing activities were most commonly associated with fall/collapse/tipover incidents. DISCUSSION: CFOI and OSHA/FACE show convergent data, suggesting similar scenarios for aerial lift tipovers. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The analysis provides the aerial lift industry information to prioritize their efforts on aerial lift design.