石墨相氮化碳降解水中氨氮

利用石墨相氮化碳降解水中氨氮,并对该材料降解氨氮的效果进行考察。探究了在氙灯照射下,不同初始pH以及不同初始氨氮含量条件下对氨氮降解的影响。结果表明：在氙灯照射下,当初始pH=12,初始氨氮含量为7.5μg时,石墨相氮化碳对氨氮具有良好的降解效果;当初始pH=13时,控制初始氨氮含量为7.5μg,光催化2 h后,氨氮去除率为95.68%。采用伪一级动力学模型进行研究,石墨相氮化碳在碱性条件下对氨氮有良好的降解速率,可能归因于随着初始pH的增大,溶液中存在更多的OH-和·OH,从而增强光催化效果。     

一株降解苯酚微生物的研究

从污泥中分离出可在舍100mg/L苯酚的LIB培养基上生长的菌株，其中JF-2生长情况最好。通过逐级驯化，JF-2的降解苯酚能力明显提高，可在以苯酚为唯一碳源的培养基中降解苯酚并生长。在接种量为1％时，JF－2在24h内将300mg／L的苯酚完全降解。该菌的最适生长和降解温度为30℃，并能在pH5．5～9内降解苯酚。河水中的天然微生物降解苯酚的能力弱，需7天才可将200mg/L的苯酚完全降解。     

好氧颗粒污泥降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的影响因素研究

本文研究了好氧颗粒污泥系统中,温度、pH、曝气强度、邻苯二酸(Phthalic Acid,PA)及氨氮(NH3-N)对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(Dimethyl Phthahte,DMP)降解效果的影响,结果表明:好氧颗粒污泥降解DMP的最佳温度、最佳PH值范围、最佳曝气强度分别为25℃～45℃、7.0 ～9.0、1.38 cm/s.当PA浓度为100 mg/L、300 mg/L,PA对DMP降解起促进作用;当PA浓度为500 mg/L、800 mg/L,PA对DMP降解起抑制作用.进水中50 mg/L的氨氮浓度对DMP降解的影响不大.本研究中采用的19种运行工况条件中,除曝气强度为0.33 cm/s以外,其他18种运行工况条件下,当运行时间达到300 min时,DMP的浓度都小于1.0 mg/L,因此,当水力停留时间达到5h以上时,温度、pH、PA、氨氮对DMP降解速率的影响基本上可以忽略不计.     

高效降氰菌的筛选及其特性研究

本研究从电镀废水中分离出了三株能够高效降解自由氰根的菌种，并对这三株菌的生长曲线和影响其降解氰化物的因素进行了研究。结果表明，这三株菌分别属于青霉属、木霉属和酵母属，并命名为M3、Mw4和Ms；其最大生长量的时间分别为15、20和18小时；当CN^-初始浓度为80mg／L时，M3菌16h内降解氰化物的最优条件是pH为5-7、温度为20℃～30℃、摇床转速为130rpm、接种量为10％。在此条件下，M3菌将80mg/L CN^-降解到0．22mg/L，降氰率达到98．9％。该研究结果可为微生物在处理含氰废水的实际应用提供依据。     

系统评价天然蛭石吸附氨氮的效果

采用在人工配置含氨氮的污水中投加蛭石的方法,系统研究了天然蛭石吸附污水中氨氮的饱和吸附容量以及蛭石吸附氨氮的等温吸附曲线,探讨了污水的pH值、温度、浓度对氨氮去除率的影响及各影响因子的大小,结果表明,蛭石的饱和吸附量为20 8mg/g;蛭石吸附量在pH2 0～6 0范围内随着pH的增大而增大,最佳pH为4 0～6 0;温度在15～35℃范围内,吸附量随温度的升高减小,氨氮的去除率随着蛭石用量的增加而增加,影响因素的大小顺序为:pH>蛭石的用量>吸附时间>温度。这为蛭石作为一种新型氨氮吸附材料提供了基础参数。     

微生物协同降解深层石油污染土壤研究

为了消除土壤中石油类物质的污染,从现场油泥中分别筛选出高效降解菌铜绿假单胞和无色杆菌,对其独立使用和复配时对原油的降解规律进行了研究,探讨了复合菌体系加量、含水率、土壤含油量、氮磷营养比以及pH值、温度等对石油污染土壤降解率的影响。结果表明:复合微生物对土壤石油污染的降解率高于单独使用时的降解率,且当两者复合比例为1∶1,土壤含水率为25%时,9d降解率可达41.49%;温度为25℃、土壤含水率为25%、土壤pH值为7.5左右、菌液加量为5%、土壤含油率低于5%时,6d降解率可达到64.9%;保持土壤含水率为25%,pH值为7.5左右,保证充足的营养,含油率为2%的深层土壤54d降解率可达到43.2%。     

膜吸收法去除油页岩干馏污水中的氨氮

采用膜吸收的方法对经除油剂及膜过滤预处理的某页岩炼油厂油页岩干馏污水中的高浓度氨氮去除进行了现场中试实验。在进水pH值13、温度40℃、脱氮时间120 min时,氨氮去除效率为98.38%;进水pH值11、温度40℃、脱氮时间120 min时,氨氮去除率为93.24%。结果表明:膜吸收法对油页岩干馏污水具有很好的氨氮脱除效果。该方法操作简单,碱投加量较少,氨氮剩余浓度适当并可由后续生化系统去除,工程适用性强。     

毛木耳产漆酶发酵条件的研究

以毛木耳为产酶菌，以CMC为唯一碳源，探讨了不同培养条件对毛木耳产漆酶的影响。结果表明，在最适温度为27℃、pH值为6．0、接种量为10％、装液量为90mL／250mL、摇床转速为180rpm、培养天数为6d时，产酶活力最大。以各个因子的最佳梯度做优化培养，发酵液中的漆酶活力高达70．76IU／mL。     

高效海洋溢油降解菌降解海洋溢油条件的优化研究

针对海洋溢油污染问题,采用实验室筛选的海洋溢油降解菌HJ01和HJ02开展海洋溢油微生物降解优化研究,采用单因素实验和多因素正交实验进行降解率测定。结果表明,单因素实验条件下,当pH值为7、培养温度35℃、石油初始浓度7 500mg/L、NaCl含量20 000mg/L时,HJ01和HJ02对海洋溢油的降解效果最佳。正交实验条件下,HJ01在pH值为7、培养温度35℃、石油初始浓度7 500mg/L、NaCl含量10 000mg/L时降解效果最佳;HJ02在pH值为7、培养温度30℃、石油初始浓度11 000 mg/L、NaCl含量10 000mg/L时降解效果最佳。     

实验室率定法测算长江南通段污染物降解系数

污染物降解系数是确定水环境容量的关键参数之一,本文采用实验室率定法,采集长江南通段的水样,分别于6℃、10℃、16℃、20℃室温下,在实验室内进行周期为20天的室内水质分析,根据室内水质分析结果,测算出不同温度下长江南通段"十二五"减排的约束性指标化学需氧量、氨氮的降解系数,并定性分析了长江水体中污染物本底浓度、可生化性、pH值等环境因子对污染物降解系数可能发生的影响。     

压裂返排液生物处理实验研究

从油田压裂返排液中筛选出EB系列菌种,可高效降解压裂返排液中的高分子和有机污染物。考察了振荡时间、温度、接种量、菌种混合比例等对压裂返排液COD去除率的影响。结果表明:48h振荡、25℃、10%接种量、菌种EB1和EB2按1∶1比例混合是较佳应用条件。EB复合菌种的应用范围较广,其pH值适用范围为6～9,矿化度适用范围为3 000～20 000mg/L。该研究提高了压裂返排液生物处理技术规模化应用的可行性。     

Cellulose degrading capabilities of cellulolytic bacteria isolated from the intestinal fluids of the silver cricket

Cellulose degrading bacteria were isolated from the intestinal fluid of the silver cricket Lepisma Sp. and a culture was developed anoxigenically in the cellulose degrading medium following standard laboratory techniques. The cellulolytic activity of the microbe was examined in a broth culture using Whatman 42 filter paper as the source of insoluble cellulose. Activity was measured spectrophotometrically (620nm) following Anthrone reaction of the culture filtrate and the sugar produced was quantified as a factor of time. The pH optimum was found to be between 7 and 8. Temperature profile optimum was between 30–37°C.The microbes appeared as white colonies on a solid medium. Morphologically the bacterium is a gram-positive nonspore forming rod which was tentatively identified as a new strain of Cellulomonas sp.     

1株乙羧氟草醚降解菌的分离鉴定与降解特性研究

本研究从某农药厂污水处理池的活性污泥中分离得到1株能以乙羧氟草醚为唯一碳源生长的菌株。经生理生化鉴定和16SrRNA基因序列同源性分析,将此菌株初步鉴定为腐生葡萄球茵（Staphylococcussaprophyticus）,并命名为YSC．1。对菌株YSC．1的生长特性研究表明：茵株的最佳生长温度和pH分别为30℃、7．0;NaCI浓度对菌株YSC-1生长有较大的影响。菌株在20℃-40℃之间均能降解乙羧氟草醚,在30％1、pH7．0的条件下对乙羧氟草醚的降解率最高;增加乙羧氟草醚的浓度会对菌株产生毒害作用,降低其降解率;提高接种量可以加快乙羧氟草醚的降解。在乙羧氟草醚终浓度为100mg／L的工业废水经7d处理后,乙羧氟草醚的去除率达91．62％,说明菌株YSC-1在废水处理中具有很好的应用前景。     

耐盐石油降解菌性能及降解条件优化

从冀东油田钻井废液中筛选分离出耐盐石油降解菌Virgibacillus sp.(简称SJ菌),其在高含盐条件下对石油具有较好的降解效果,高达56.12%左右。考察了pH值、盐度、不同N和P形态等因素对SJ菌降解石油效果的影响。结果表明:SJ菌有较宽的pH值适应范围(pH值为6～10)和较好的耐盐能力(0.5%～20%),在pH值为9及NaCl质量浓度为5%时对石油类降解效果最好,其最佳利用N源和P源分别为(NH2)2CO和KH2PO4,该研究为油田高含盐含油废液处理提供了一条新途径。     

二氧化氯杀菌处理石化循环冷却水

以硫酸盐还原菌，铁细菌以及异养菌数为指标，研究二氧化氯对石化厂循环冷却水的杀菌效果。考察了二氧化氯投加量，杀菌时间，温度及pH以及余氯量随时间的变化。结果表明，在CLO2投加量为3mg／L、灭菌时间为90min时，出水细菌数即可达到化工行业循环冷却水处理标准，并且余氯可在0．5-1．0mg／L范围内维持2h。温度和pH的改变对杀菌效果影响不大。     

苯酚降解菌Y_1的分离与鉴定

旨在从微生物降解的角度出发,解决苯酚大量应用带来的含酚废水对环境污染问题.采用富集培养、驯化筛选和平板划线等方法,从某化工厂废水中分离得到4株苯酚降解菌.利用4-氨基吡啉分光光度法测定其苯酚降解能力,筛选出降解率较高的菌株Y_1.经形态学观察、生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析,将该菌初步鉴定为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Ba...     

生态条件和瘤胃菌丛密度与纤维分解的关系

在自行设计装配的人工模拟瘤胃发酵装置内，用90523-1瘤胃菌丛进行瘤胃体外发酵试验，结果表明纤维素的分解与瘤胃细菌的密度及其类群变化有着密切关系，都受生态环境条件的制约。在发酵温度40℃，搅拌速度为60～70r／min的条件下搅动20min／h，C／N为10：1的生态条件环境中的细菌密度和纤维素分解率都高于相同生态条件的其它梯度组。     

Biodegradation of pentyl amine and aniline from petrochemical wastewater

The objectives of the project were to isolate a bacterial strain capable of degrading pentyl amine and aniline and to define the optimal pentyl amine and aniline degradation conditions for this bacterial strain. The bacterial strain was isolated from activated sludge obtained from a Northeastern China treatment facility for petrochemical wastewater rich in pentyl amine and aniline. Once the strain was isolated, five triplicate (5) batch tests were used to establish the conditions for maximum pentyl amine and aniline degradation, by varying one at a time the following five factors: temperature, pH, reaction time, pollutant concentrations and aeration rate. In a final test, oil refinery sludge was inoculated with the strain and tested for the degradation of pentyl amine and aniline under optimal conditions, while observing the degradation pathway of pentyl amine and aniline. The isolated strain, PN1001, is a member of the Pseudomonas species and it was capable of degrading pentyl amine and aniline. The optimal reactor conditions for the degradation of a mixture of pentyl amine and aniline, at a concentration ranging between 150 and 200mg/L, were found to be 30 degrees C at a pH of 7.0, under a reaction time of 24h and a maximum solution dissolved oxygen level of 6 mgO(2)/L. Under such conditions, the strain PN1001 degraded 93% and 89% of the pentyl amine and aniline, respectively, aniline being more toxic and demonstrating a more complex degradation pathway. The strain PN1001 degraded more contaminants when both were present because of the pi and sigma electron cloud coordination functions of aniline and pentyl amine, respectively, presumed to reduce the toxic effect of aniline. Once inoculated with the strain, oil refinery sludge degraded 93% and 88% of the pentyl amine and aniline, compared to the strain alone which degraded 72% and 82%, likely because of the sludge's buffering effect against the toxic environment.     

Betaine removal during thermo- and mesophilic aerobic batch biodegradation of beet molasses vinasse: influence of temperature and pH on the progress and efficiency of the process

The key issue in achieving a high extent of biodegradation of beet molasses vinasse is to establish the conditions for the assimilation of betaine, which is the main pollutant in this high-strength industrial effluent. In the present study, aerobic batch biodegradation was conducted over the temperature range of 27-63°C (step 9°C), at a pH of 6.5 and 8.0, using a mixed culture of bacteria of the genus Bacillus. Betaine was assimilated at 27-54°C and the pH of 8.0, as well as at 27-45°C and the pH of 6.5. The processes where betaine was assimilated produced a high BOD(5) removal, which exceeded 99.40% over the temperature range of 27-45°C at the pH of 8.0, as well as at 27°C and the pH of 6.5. Maximal COD removal (88.73%) was attained at 36°C and the pH of 6.5. The results indicate that the process can be applied on an industrial scale as the first step in the treatment of beet molasses vinasse.     

Biomass from phytopathogens and culture conditions improve Penicillium chrysogenum antimicrobial activity and antifungal compounds production

The present study evaluated the effect of culture conditions and phytopathogenic strain co-culture on the production of antimicrobial metabolites and antifungal activity of Penicillium chrysogenum R1, which PCR identified. Antimicrobial activity was determined using the Hunter-Hunter experimental design with three factors (pH, incubation temperature, and inoculum, at two levels each). The antifungal metabolites, β 1-3 glucanase and chitinase, produced in the presence of live and inactivated Fusarium oxysporum Fsox C11 biomass, were evaluated using HPLC-MS and GC-MS. Results showed that P. chrysogenum inhibited the growth of five phytopathogenic fungal strains, and the most significant inhibition was observed for F. oxysporum Fsox C11. The best conditions to achieve the highest antifungal activity of the cell-free extract were pH 7, 28°C, 1 × 10⁶ spores/mL, and 144 h of fermentation, observing 86% inhibition of F. oxysporum Fsox C11 growth. Production of antifungal metabolites such as 1,4-benzoquinone imine, viridicatic acid, phenol-5-methyl-2-(1-methyl ethyl), and hydrolytic enzymes β 1-3 glucanase and chitinase was detected. The results define the perspective in designing new processes and products for biocontrol phytopathogens.