农业贫困县生态功能区划及环境友好型土地模式研究——以延寿县为例

土地是重要的自然资源和基本的生态环境要素.土地利用在很大程度上决定了施加于环境的压力.农业贫困县面临经济与生态发展的双重压力,更需要进行生态功能区划,寻找合理的土地利用模式,避免走向"先污染,后治理"的老路.以典型的农业贫困县延寿县为例,充分考虑当地的自然经济条件,运用叠置法对其进行了综合分区,将其分为中部沿河平原农渔牧复合区、南北山前漫岗水土保持及农林区、南北低山丘陵林业可持续利用区3个生态功能区,并针对不同区域土地资源的特点,探讨了各区的环境友好型土地利用模式,提出了土地资源区域治理措施和土地利用的方向.     

湖北省休闲农业发展的区域差异性分析

发展休闲农业是建设现代农业的重要补充。湖北省各县发展休闲农业的资源、交通、市场条件差异明显,导致各地休闲农业的发展程度不尽相同。依据湖北省农业功能区划专题调查数据和资料,选取影响休闲农业发展的指标进行分析。在分析的过程中运用了聚类和综合的定性分析,以县（区）为样本,把湖北省全省84个县（区）划分为四个类别。     

塔里木河干流区退耕还林（草）改善生态措施探讨

在国家实施西部大开发战略,提出退耕还林（草）,再造山川秀美的历史机遇面前,针对塔里木河干流区尤其是下游绿色走廊生态环境恶化的现实问题,分析产生问题的具体原因,阐明在合理开发、利用和配置水资源的前提下,退耕还林（草）是改善生态环境的有力措施以及实施退耕还林（草）对改善该区域生态环境的作用和意义,论述退耕还林（草）应掌握和处理好改善生态与经济发展、改善生态与农业结构调整、现代技术应用与传统方式的关系,探讨退耕还林（草）中合理的林草比例及科学的林草结合方式。     

山岳型景观区生态系统健康状况评价初探——以武陵源为例

山岳型景观区是我国主要的旅游目的地类型之一。由于山岳型景观生态系统具有脆弱性、污染消解能力弱等特点,开发利用不当易引起生态环境破坏问题。因此,将生态系统健康理论与山岳型景观区的旅游可持续发展相结合,建立山岳型景观区生态系统健康评价指标体系,运用层次分析法对其健康状况进行分析评价,是景区旅游可持续发展由理论走向实践的又一条有效途径。运用该方法对世界自然遗产武陵源的生态系统健康状况进行了实证分析,及时发现面临的主要问题和潜在危险,进行健康预警,提出维护景区生态系统健康的对策与建议。     

荷兰生态（有机）农业对上海农业发展的借鉴

安全高效、资源节约、环境友好型的生态农业生产技术,已成为国际农业领域研究和关注的热点;发展高效生态（有机）农业,以新的强度和效能为长三角和我国现代化农业发展作贡献,是上海社会主义新农村建设的重大战略,是上海现代农业发展的必由之路。荷兰生态（有机）农业发展提供了以下成功经验：以生态学原理指导农业生产,实现生产生态共荣;在农产品生产中应用HACCP理论,加强农业生产的过程控制和质量管理;通过制定良好农业技术规范（Eurep-GAP）,保障农业的可持续发展,保护生态环境。上海发展高效生态（有机）农业的对策建议：加强政策扶持,深化有机农业理论和技术研究,建立和规范与国际接轨的认证体系,以生态学的原理和原则指导农业生产和技术的发展。     

安徽沿江开发区发展现状评价研究

在学习并借鉴国内有关开发（园）区评价方法的基础上，选择经济总量、经济效率、基础设施和产业质量4方面共计12个指标评估开发区的发展状况，并在评估的基础上把安徽沿江15个开发区划分为重点拓展型开发区、优化提升类开发区、积极培育类开发区，最后针对不同类型的开发区分别提出发展建议。     

《当前国家鼓励发展的环保产业设备（产品）目录》（第二批）

国家经济贸易委员会、国家税务总局于２００２年５月８日发布２００２年第２３号公告，公布《当前国家鼓励发展的环保产业设备（产品）目录》（第二批）。公告全文如下：为促进我国环保产业健康发展，加快环保产业产品结构调整，提高环保产业技术水平，现将《当前国家鼓励发展的环保产业设备（产品））目录》（第二批）予以公布。国家经贸委、国家税务总局《关于公布〈当前国家鼓励发展的环保产业设备（产品）目录（第一批）〉的通知》（国经贸资源犤２０００犦１５９号）继续执行，其有关规定和鼓励政策适用于本批目录。当前国家鼓励发展的…     

浅析“H31”类目在《中图法》（第五版）中的变化

逐一对比《中图法》第四版与第五版的H31（英语）类目,全面概括第五版《中图法》英语类目修改情况,并解读其修改重点,旨在帮助读者深入理解《中图法》第五版英语类目的分类变化,指导其实际运用。     

首批餐厨废弃物资源化利用和无害化处理试点城市（区）名单公布

2010年7月,国务院办公厅下发了《关于加强地沟油整治和餐厨废弃物管理的意见》（国办发〔2010〕36号）,要求各地、各部门开展＂地沟油＂专项整治,加强餐厨废弃物管理,切实保障食品安全。     

我国北方四省(区)十年土地开发综合评价

近年来,我国北方地区后备耕地资源的开发对稳定耕地面积,增加粮食产量具有重要作用,但也存在着严重的生态环境问题。本文利用１９８６年和１９９６年两期美国陆地卫星１∶１０万ＴＭ图象对黑龙江省、内蒙古自治区、甘肃省和新疆维吾尔自治区的５３个县（市、区）旗作了动态分析,总结出北方四省（区）十年土地变化的特点,并在综合评价的基础上提出了四省（区）后备耕地资源开发利用的对策和建议     

基于人工神经网络的绥化市县域经济发展水平分析

选取8个经济指标，运用人工神经网络（ANN）的理论和方法，构建应用最为广泛的BP网络模型，对2004年绥化市10个县市的经济发展水平进行了评价。结果表明，绥化市县域经济发展水平差异十分显著，其中肇东等3县域属于高水平类型，海伦等4个县域为中等类型，明水等3个县域属于落后类型。     

昌黎县持续改善生态环境质量的举措研究

"十一五"以来,昌黎县认真贯彻落实科学发展观,遵循生态和经济发展规律,实施可持续发展战略,把环境综合整治、污染减排、资源合理开发利用和产业发展有机结合起来,把住"保障"、"减排"、"治理"、"执法"4个关口,使主要污染物得以控制,环境污染恶化趋势得以遏制,环境质量持续改善。昌黎县城区环境空气质量二级以上天数逐年增加,2011年达到351 d,城市大气质量达标率100%;地表水出境断面水质一直好于入境断面,境内河流水质逐年好转。     

Trends in Toxic Chemical Releases: A Case Study on the Drug Industry in Connecticut and New Jersey

To analyse trends in toxic chemical releases, an empirical study was conducted on Connecticut's and New Jersey's drug industry. It was the purpose of this study to investigatethese trends based on the following three questions: first, what is the trend of toxic chemical releases in the drug industry?; second, does the drug industry show patterns of qualitative growth?;and third, does the drug industry show substantial release reductionsof chemicalsknown to be highly toxic to public health and ecosystems? This analysis used the Toxics Release Inventory TRI data from 1988 to 1993. Given the trends, plausible driving forces for the observed changes in toxic chemical releases in the drug industry over the past five years are discussed. The study contends that the following four driving forces are most important in the illustrated development:the TRI, a publicly available database, can be used to reveal severe polluters; the TRI increased corporations' awareness of effective toxic chemical releases and may be used to reflect corporations' communicated commitment to sustainable development; federal and state environmental protection agencies enhance pollution prevention activities in a co-operative manner; and finally, since the late 1980s, the awareness of the business benefits of pollution prevention continuously increases.     

县域打通“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念转化通道的典型模式研究

“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念是习近平生态文明思想的重要组成部分,具有深刻的哲学内涵,本文利用代表“绿水青山”和“金山银山”的生态与经济指标聚类分析了中国1666个县(市、区),筛选出21个典型地区并分析了其“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念转化路径,总结提出5类典型模式。其中,以浙江省衢州市的6县(市、区)为案例,综合设计衢州市各县(市、区)的“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念转化典型模式实践方案,论证县域典型模式设计方法的适用性。对研究与实践中存在的问题,提出开展生态价值核算、出台县级层面的评价标准和规范、开展试点示范、出台经济激励与优惠政策等建议,进一步深化“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念探索实践。     

Changes in Upland Wildlife Habitat on Farmland in Illinois 1920–1987

/ An index of upland wildlife habitat was developed to investigate patterns and changes in habitat over time, using four years (1920, 1940, 1964, 1987) and the state of Illinois as an example. The index was composed of two subdivisions that described, at the county level, the quantity of wildlife habitat and a third subdivision that described farming disturbances that impacted the quality of the habitat. Data came from the US Census of Agriculture. The first subdivision that reflected quantity of habitat was called the wildlife habitat subdivision and was the sum of percentage woodland on farms, percentage farmland in nonrow crops, and percentage farmland in set-aside programs. The second subdivision that reflected the quantity of habitat was termed the soil-related features subdivision and was the sum of the percentage of farmland that was not highly erodible, the percentage of farmland in soil-protecting crops, and the percentage of farmland in conservation tillage. The third subdivision, reflecting the quality of the habitat, was the farming disturbance subdivision and was the sum of the percentage of grazing and the percentage of land on which fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides were applied. Overall, major decreases occurred between 1920 and 1987 in the subdivisions reflecting the quantity of wildlife habitat and a major increase occurred in the subdivision associated with farming disturbance, reflecting the intensification of agriculture in the state. However, there was variability throughout the state, with some counties being more favorable to wildlife (as measured by the subdivisions) than others. Most of the changes within the state for the subdivisions reflecting quantity of upland wildlife habitat occurred during 1940 while changes in the farming disturbance subdivision (reflecting habitat quality) occurred in 1964. By 1987, the western and southern parts of Illinois were the most favorable for wildlife as reflected in all three subdivisions. Upland wildlife harvest indices were related to the subdivisions in 1964 and 1987, when harvest indices were available. Cottontail and northern bobwhite harvests were higher in counties with higher amounts of the wildlife habitat subdivision in both years. Cottontail harvest was also higher in counties with lower levels of the farming disturbance subdivision in 1964 and higher levels of soil-related features subdivision in 1987. Indices at the county level have the potential to be used in a multiscale analysis to investigate the impact of policy changes on large-scale areas of the Midwest and to develop regional perspectives of the impacts of agriculture on upland wildlife and their habitats.KEY WORDS: Upland wildlife; Habitat; Agriculture; Illinois     

新农村特色产业发展模式研究——基于日本大分县“一村一品”和四川丹棱县“一县四品”的分析

特色产业的发展是新农村建设的重点。通过总结日本等国家在新农村建设过程中＂一村一品＂的经验和做法,回顾国内＂一村一品＂的发展历程,以四川省眉山市丹棱县的＂一县四品＂为例,对我国新农村特色产业发展的实践探索进行分析,提出日本大分县＂一村一品＂和四川丹棱县＂一县四品＂对我国新农村特色产业发展模式的重要启示。     

中原经济区县域经济差异及成因分析

以县域（含县、县级市）为研究单元,采用标准差、变异系数以及多指标分析法对2000—2009年中原经济区县域经济发展的时空差异进行了初步分析。结果表明：从时间上看,中原经济区县域经济的绝对差异呈不断扩大趋势,相对差异呈现波动变化趋势。从空间上看,以2005年和2009年两个断面,研究发现中原经济区的县域经济发展综合水平大致呈现西北高、东南低的发展格局。县域经济发展综合程度的高水平、中高水平县（市）主要分布在京广线以西的河南省中部、西北部地区、江苏省徐州市、山西省长治市和晋城市的大部分;中低水平和低水平的县（市）呈环状不规则分布于高水平、中高水平县（市）的外围地区。即河南省的南部、东部、东北部和西南部,安徽的淮北、亳州和阜阳,湖北的襄阳以及山东的菏泽等地。     

以河北平山为例谈革命圣地生态经济的拓展与繁荣

鉴于河北平山丰富的生态资源和"西柏坡"精神的社会影响,以太行山原生态资源为依托,西柏坡革命圣地旅游为龙头,县辖景致和文化遗址为基础,努力打造文化产业精品,促进区域经济稳步发展,倡导"文化兴县"并突出旅游经济地位,开拓县辖区"红色承载和谐自然"的人文生态环境,倡导创建红色文化与绿色生态"互融与双赢"的时代策略。     

甘肃省农业循环经济发展评价与区域差异分析

综合评价值的计算已成为农业循环经济发展水平定量评价的主要方法，也是目前循环经济研究领域定量研究的热点之一。构建一套系统科学的农业循环经济发展评价指标体系，对区域农业循环经济发展水平进行综合评价，以改善农业环境，杜绝资源浪费，实现农业可持续发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。依据循环经济发展的“4R”原则和可持续发展理论，构建了甘肃省农业循环经济评价指标体系，采用因子分析法和加权函数法对甘肃省及其14个地州市的农业循环经济发展水平进行了综合评价与分析，提出了甘肃省及其各区域的农业循环经济发展建议。     

Diet modification to reduce phosphorus surpluses: a mass balance approach

Diet modification to reduce phosphorus (P) concentrations in manures has been developed in response to environmental concerns over P losses from animal agriculture to surface waters. We used USDA-NASS statistics on animal numbers and crop production to calculate county scale mass balances for manure P production, P removed in harvested portion of crops, and the potential effects of diet modification. Although spreading manure evenly over all crop acreage within a county is unlikely to occur, these calculations give a good indication as to the impact diet modification to reduce P can have at a regional or national scale. There was a high degree of regional variability in manure P surpluses (e.g., with the large crop acreages in the grain belt leading to large P offtake in crops preventing most P surpluses). In 89% of counties, there was a deficit of manure P relative to crop P removal; therefore there was a manure P surplus in 11% of counties. Diet modification decreased the percentage of states with a manure P surplus from 11 to 8%, a decrease of approximately 27%. Diet modification decreased the percentage of counties with the greatest surpluses of manure P (>30 kg ha(-1)) from 3% of all counties to 1%. Diet modification to decrease manure P is an important part of strategies to alleviate environmental concerns associated with surplus manure P in many areas, but additional strategies to deal with manure P surpluses are needed in some areas.