环境监测实验室废液管理的设想

国家环境保护总局《关于加强实验室类污染环境监管的通知》(环办[2004]15号)中明确规定,为了防止实验室类污染危害环境,损害人体健康,从2005年起国家将对各类实验室污染进行监管,要求实验室废液必须经无害化处理后方可排放。环境监测实验室实际上也是一个典型的小型污染源,随着监测分析项目的不断扩展,实验室的废液种类     

化学实验室的废液管理及处理方法的探讨

阐述了化学实验室的废液管理及处理的重要性，主要介绍了实验室对废液的管理过程和废液的处理方法．     

环境监测站废液的处置

环境监测站废液的处置吴文军（江苏省张家港市环境监测站２１５６００）环境监测分析产生的“三废”种类很多，通常对废渣可分类贮存、集中处理，对废气一般可直接处理或回收。而废液因种类较多，量较大，贮存和处理方法也较多，结合实际工作经验，探讨一些废液的贮存、处...     

实验室酸性含汞废液的处理

采用铁粉还原法，在实验室酸性含汞废液的处理中，对pH值、铁粉的量、反应时间等进行了一些条件试验．采用本法处理实验室酸性含汞废液，取得了一定的效果．     

实验室酸性含汞废液的处理

环境监测实验室的实验废液中有含有大量汞的废水,以重铬酸钾法测定COD为例,1个实验室每天测10个样品,为消除Cl^-干扰,每个样品中需加HgSO40．4g,1个月以监测10天计每月需消耗HgSO440g,1年以10个月计便用去HgSO4400g,如对此类废水不加处理,则一年有270gHg排到环境中,这是一个不能忽视的污染问题。通过不断的摸索和实验,用铁粉处理酸性含汞废水,取     

COD_(Cr)测试废液的处理方法

综述了对于实验室测试或在线监测设备等产生的CODCr测试废液中金属离子的处理方法,主要包括CODCr测试废液中单一银、汞和铬的回收处理方法,以及CODCr测试废液中多种金属的综合处理与回用工艺。从经济、环保、资源化的角度出发,揭示了CODCr测试废液处理回收的必然发展趋势。     

能力验证是环境监测质量保证的重要环节

能力验证是近几年来开展的一项新的技术活动,是环境监测质量保证的重要环节.有组织、有计划的开展环境监测系统实验室的能力验证来确定实验室的能力并确保实验室维持较高的检测水平,也是保证环境监测数据具有科学性、准确性、可比性的必要措施.本文对此进行了论述.     

环境监测实验室的环境污染与防治

主要分析了环境监测实验室产生的污染特点 ,指出环境监测实验室是一类典型的小型污染源。同时详细阐述了环境监测实验室防治污染、加强实验室环境管理的几种途径     

由测锰废液回收银和汞

水体中微量锰的常用测定方法有两种——原子吸收分光光度法和过硫酸盐氧化比色法.其中,过硫酸盐氧化比色法已为环境监测者广泛采用.然而,该法所用的测锰试剂含有硫酸汞和硝酸银,不仅费用高,而且有毒性,废液若随便倒掉,必然会造成环境污染和物质浪费.本文介绍由测锰废液回收银、汞的方法.一、银、汞分离把测锰废液集中在大小适当的容器内.在不断搅拌的情况下,按每升5克左右的固体N_5Cl加入废液中,待其完全溶解后,停止     

环境监测实验室信息管理系统的构建与实施

阐述了环境监测实验室信息管理系统(LIMS)的构建目标,介绍了系统的业务流程、总体设计及实施条件.提出建立环境监测LIMS系统,可提高分析数据的准确性和质量管理水平,全面提升实验室信息运转效率和管理水平,更好地为环境管理服务.     

水环境监测化验室废液处理方法的探讨

针对水环境监测化验室废液的特点，简要阐述了水环境监测化验室废液的来源、废液的收集及处理原则，提出了含不同污染物的化验室废液的处理方法。同时指出，对化验室废液必须进行管理而且需认真负责处理，从而尽可能地减少对环境的危害。     

Incineration of hazardous wastes

Glaxo has practiced incineration of liquid and gaseous wastes for over twenty years and currently operate eleven liquid and gas incinerators in the United Kingdom and Singapore. The liquid incinerators burn, as their main streams, those solvents that cannot be recovered and recycled within the processes. The early installations were for readily combustible solvents only. However, there has been a progressive move into the destruction of more difficult and hazardous wastes, with the consequential requirements for more sophisticated technology, in the belief that the responsible destruction of waste should be tackled near to its source. The eventual aim is to be self-sufficient in this area of waste management. The incineration of hazardous liquid and gaseous waste has presented a series of design, operational and monitoring problems into account which have all been successfully overcome. The solutions take into account the environmental consequences of the operations from both liquid and gaseous emissions. In order to ensure minimal environmental impact and safe operation the best practicable technology is employed. Environmental assessment forms part of the process development and permitting procedures.Plenary speaker.     

氨氮标准溶液和纳氏试剂保存期的实验

本文探讨了不同浓度的氨氮标准溶液和纳氏试剂的保存期以及上述两种溶液化学性质稳定性的机理.该文对基层监测站在实际工作有一定的意义.     

Organic interference of solidified/stabilized hazardous wastes

Liquid hazardous waste disposal in landfills is usually allowed only after solidification/stabilization. Although various procedures are commonly practiced, little is known about the mechanism(s) of the processes. A particular problem is the interference of organics. Small amounts of organics can interfere with the reaction between inorganic sludges and cementitous matrices. The present communication reports studies of the interaction between selected organic hazardous wastes and Type I Portland cement. Microscopic studies of the structural differences between cements set with water and those set with water plus organic liquids are discussed. In these studies the scanning electron microscope is used to observe samples fractured at 78K. The results provide technical background data on the ultimate stability of critical waste constituents solidified by various binding agents.     

Evaluation of efficiency of aircraft liquid waste treatment and identification of daily inspection indices: a case study in Changchun, China

Evaluation of the efficiency of aircraft liquid waste treatment has previously been conducted to prevent pollution of the environment. The current study aimed to provide a set of practical methods for efficient airport sanitary supervision. Aircraft liquid waste was collected at Longjia International Airport, Changchun from multiple flights. The efficiency of liquid waste treatment as well as the water quality of the wastewater processed via a second-stage wastewater facility were examined by measuring a number of physical, chemical, and biological indices. Our results indicated that treatment solely via resolvable sanitizing liquid was not sufficient. Although the contents of first-class pollutants all met the requirements of the standard criteria, the contents of a number of second-class pollutants did not satisfy these criteria. However, after further treatment via a second-stage wastewater facility installed at the airport, all indices reached second-grade requirements of the discharge standard. We suggest that daily inspection and quarantine indices at airports should include the suspension content, biological oxygen demands after 5 days, chemical oxygen demand total organic carbon content, amino nitrogen content, total phosphorous content, and the level of fecal coliforms.     

天维膜处置钢丝绳酸性废液实验中存在的问题

南通地区很多钢丝绳企业采用酸洗磷化工艺,产生大量含铅、铁、锌等重金属离子的酸性废液,造成区域特征性环境污染.选用山东天维膜技术有限公司的扩散渗析阴膜进行钢丝绳酸性废液处置实验.结果表明:该膜能有效地将酸、盐分离,酸的回收率达到90％以上,铅截留率达到70％以上,铁截留率达到80％以上.但实验中出现氯化铅晶体析出,堵塞处...     

Bioaerosol sampling by a personal rotating cup sampler CIP 10-M

High concentrations of bioaerosols containing bacterial, fungal and biotoxinic matter are encountered in many workplaces, e.g. solid waste treatment plants, waste water treatment plants and sewage networks. A personal bioaerosol sampler, the CIP 10-M (M-microbiologic), has been developed to measure worker exposure to airborne biological agents. This sampler is battery operated; it is light and easy to wear and offers full work shift autonomy. It can sample much higher concentrations than biological impactors and limits the mechanical stress on the microorganisms. Biological particles are collected in 2 ml of liquid medium inside a rotating cup fitted with radial vanes to maintain an air flow rate of 10 l min(-1) at a rotational speed of approximately 7,000 rpm. The rotating cup is made of sterilisable material. The sampled particles follow a helicoidal trajectory as they are pushed to the surface of the liquid by centrifugal force, which creates a thin vertical liquid layer. Sterile water or another collecting liquid can be used. Three particle size selectors allow health-related aerosol fractions to be sampled according to international conventions. The sampled microbiological particles can be easily recovered for counting, incubation or further biochemical analysis, e.g., for airborne endotoxins. Its physical sampling efficiency was laboratory tested and field trials were carried out in industrial waste management conditions. The results indicate satisfactory collection efficiency, whilst experimental application has demonstrated the usefulness of the CIP 10-M personal sampler for individual bioaerosol exposure monitoring.     

花垣河锰污染及其成因分析

对花垣河河水中8个监测断面（S1-S8）水样和堆积在河岸附近MnSO4废渣及其浸出液中Mn、Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn等5种重金属元素的总量进行了分析。结果表明，花垣河河水中Mn和Cd质量浓度超过《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838—2002）V类水体标准；MnSO4废渣浸出液中Cd超过《危险废物鉴别标准》（GB5058．3—1996）规定值。将花垣河河水中Mn、Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn的含量与MnSO4废渣浸出液中相应的元素含量进行相关性分析，r=0．957（P〈0．01），表明堆积在花垣河河岸附近MnSO4废渣是可能造成花垣河污染的主要来源。     

Migration of pollutants in groundwater. V. Modelling the removal of DNAPL droplets by flushing

Mathematical models are developed for the flushing of droplets of dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) distributed in aquifers. The kinetics of the diffusion of dissolved volatile organic compound (VOC) from the droplets into the moving liquid is included in the models. Models are developed for the flushing of DNAPL droplets in lab columns, in aquifers with a one-dimensional radial flow field and in quiescent aquifers in which a single well screened at the bottom is used to bring about the flushing. Some representative results are given.     

液液萃取-HPLC-ICPMS联用技术测定水体中甲基汞

建立了二氯甲烷萃取,半胱氨酸-乙酸铵溶液反萃取,液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水中甲基汞的方法。取样量为1 L时,方法检出限为0.1 ng/L,相对标准偏差为6.6%~13%,地表水、生活污水和工业废水3种实际水样的加标回收率分别为45.6%~70.5%、37.0%~65.6%、18.4%~61.8%。与5种甲基汞测定方法的前处理过程、分析仪器和检出限进行了比较,并讨论了无机汞的干扰情况及如何降低体系空白和消除无机汞干扰的质量控制手段。