有机膨润土对苯胺的吸附性能及应用研究

以溴化十六烷基三甲铵为改性剂制备有机膨润土，利用正交实验研究了有机膨润土吸附垃圾渗滤液中极性有机污染物苯胺的性能、条件及改性条件对吸附效果的影响。结果表明，有机改性膨润土对苯胺有很好的吸附效果，实验条件下对苯胺的去除率可达90％以上，绘制了有机膨润土吸附苯胺的吸附等温线，通过与吸附苯酚效果的比较，总结了有机膨润土吸附极性有机污染物的一般规律。     

Cr3+改性膨润土对苯胺的吸附性能研究

研究了Cr^3 改性膨润土吸附苯胺的性能及适宜条件．结果表明，Cr^3 改性膨润土对苯胺具有很好的吸附效果，吸附过程很快达到平衡，酸性和中性环境均有利于吸附过程的进行．绘制了不同初始浓度下苯胺溶液在平衡浓度达国家工业废水第二类污染物三级排放标准和二级排放标准时，Cr^3 改性膨润土的用量和吸附等温线，并将吸附效果与原钙基膨润土、钠化膨润土和有机改性膨润土进行了对比。     

PDMDAAC-膨润土对对硝基苯酚吸附特性的研究

以聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)为改性剂,对天然钙基膨润土进行有机改性,比较PDMDAAC-膨润土与膨润土对对硝基苯酚废水的处理性能,研究了改性剂用量以及对硝基苯酚浓度、pH值、反应时间等因素对膨润土吸附去除率的影响．结果表明：PDMDAAC改性膨润土对对硝基苯酚的吸附效果比膨润土有较大提高,吸附去除率达84％;吸附后的PDMDAAC-膨润土可用酸进行再生,再生后对对硝基苯酚的吸附去除率没有明显下降;PDMDAAC-膨润土对对硝基苯酚的吸附行为可用Freundlieh型吸附等温线较好地进行拟合．     

对硝苯苯酚在阴—阳离子有机膨胀润土／水间的界面行为研究

用阴、阳离子表面活性剂改性制得一系列阴－阳离子有机膨润土，表征了有机膨润土的结构特征，研究了对硝基苯酚在阴－阳离子有机膨润土／水间的界面行为，并探讨了其吸附机理。结果表明：阴－阳离子有机膨润土的层间距和有机碳含量与改性时阴、阳离子表面活性剂的组成和配比有关；阴－阳离子表面活性剂在有机膨润土中形成了增溶作用较强的有机相，在一定配比下对水中有机污染物产生协同效应。     

有机物在水/有机膨润土界面的化学行为

研究了苯酚、苯胺、对硝基苯酚等极性或可离子化有机物在不／有机膨润土界面的化学行为，定量描述了表面吸附和分配作用对双阳离子有机膨润土吸附作用的相对贡献率及影响因素。结果表明，表面吸附和分配作用的相对贡献率大小与改性时加入的双阳离子表面活性剂的组成与配比有关。双阳离子有机膨润土40TMAB／60DTAB和40TMAB／200TMAB对苯酚的吸附，在低浓度时以表面吸附为主，在高浓度时以分配作用为主。     

对硝基苯酚在阴-阳离子有机膨润土/水间的界面行为研究

用阴、阳离子表面活性剂改性制得一系列阴-阳离子有机膨润土,表征了有机膨润土的结构特征,研究了对硝基苯酚在阴-阳离子有机膨润土/水间的界面行为,并探讨了其吸附机理.结果表明:阴-阳离子有机膨润土的层间距和有机碳含量与改性时阴、阳离子表面活性剂的组成和配比有关;阴-阳离子表面活性剂在有机膨润土中形成了增溶(分配)作用较强的有机相,在一定配比下对水中有机污染物产生协同效应.     

粘土改性条件的研究Ⅰ.膨润土的改性

考察了改性膨润土的致孔剂加入量、溴化十六烷基三甲胺 (CTMAB)加入量、CTMAB溶液浓度和吸附时间对CTMAB吸附量的影响 .测得加工后的膨润土对CTMAB的饱和吸附容量为 34 0 0± 30 0mg·1 0 0g- 1膨润土 .膨润土对CTMAB的吸附表现出Lang muir吸附特征 .6 0℃ ,当CTMAB的加入量为膨润土饱和吸附容量的 1 3— 1 5倍 ,CTMAB溶液浓度≥ 2mg·ml- 1,吸附时间超过 2 0h时 ,膨润土基本达到饱和吸附 .并考察了有机膨润土对于水中苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯 (BTEX)的去除效果 .     

pH值对有机蒙脱土吸附苯酚的影响

利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMA)改性的蒙脱土来处理含酚废水,了解pH值对有机蒙脱土吸附苯酚的影响．结果表明：不论是酸性还是碱性含酚水溶液,加入有机蒙脱土后其pH值都趋向中性,因此,有机蒙脱土对酸碱具有良好的缓冲能力．在相同pH条件下,吸附在有机蒙脱土上苯酚的数量随着其改性量的提高而增加．在碱性条件下,被有机蒙脱土吸附的苯酚可以发生解吸,pH值愈高,有机蒙脱土吸附的苯酚数量愈少,因此,吸附在有机蒙脱上上的苯酚在碱性条件下是不稳定的．通过碱再生有机蒙脱土又能吸附水溶液中的苯酚,但是其吸附苯酚的能力有所下降．     

粘土改性条件的研究Ⅱ.沸石的改性

考察了改性沸石的CTMAB加入量、CTMAB溶液浓度和吸附时间对CTMAB吸附量的影响 .测得沸石对CTMAB的饱和吸附容量为 6 5 0 0± 1 0 0mg·1 0 0g- 1沸石 ,明显高于改性膨润土的饱和吸附量 ,吸附符合Langmuir吸附特征 . 2 5℃时 ,当CTMAB的加入量为沸石饱和吸附容量的 1 1— 1 2倍 ,CTMAB溶液浓度≥ 1 6mg·ml- 1,吸附时间超过 6h时 ,沸石基本达到饱和吸附 .考察了有机沸石对于水中BTEX的去除效果 .并对沸石和膨润土的性质进行了比较 .     

双阳离子有机膨润土对菲的吸附性能及机理研究

用长碳链季铵盐溴化十六烷基三甲胺（ＣＴＭＡＢ）与短碳链阳离子表面活性剂（ＴＭＡＢ）按不同配比改性膨润土。制得一系列双阳离子有机膨润土。研究了双阳离子有机膨润土吸附水中菲的适宜条件、性能及机理，结果表明，双阳离子有机膨润土的层间距、有机碳含晡对菲的吸附性能与改性时表面活性剂的加入量成正相关；菲等温吸附曲线呈线性，是菲在水－双阳离子有机膨润土之间分配作用的结果。     

Chemical and photochemical transformation of fenamiphos—an organophosphorus nematicide

Fenamiphos, an organophosphorus nematicide and its hydrolysis product 4‐methylthio‐m‐cresol under dye‐sensitized photo‐oxidative conditions yielded the corresponding sulfoxide analogs. Under UV‐photolytic conditions, fenamiphos in methanol solution gave mainly the cleavage products. To obtain standards of the oxidative degradation products/metabolites in larger quantities, fenamiphos and fenamiphos phenol was chemically transformed to the corresponding sulfoxide and sulfone. Their structures were confirmed by ‘HNMR and mass spectra.     

活性炭吸附水中铅离子的动态研究

本文采用两种煤质活性炭，研究了其对不同浓度二价铅离子溶液的吸附，应用固定床吸附动力学模型，Ｍａｒｑａｄｔ方法非线性回归固定床吸附流出曲线，获得了铅离子在活性炭上的扩散传质系数。结果发现，孔扩散系数Ｄｐ强裂地依赖于铅离子入口浓度，随着入口浓度的升高，孔扩散系数变小，随后用上述扩攻系数理论预测了其它操作条件下的流出曲线，结果表明实验曲线与理论预测曲线能很好地相符，动态法能可靠地获取固吸附过程的吸附及扩     

Photolytic decomposition of uc‐54229, a Proinsecticide of the Carbamate group

Phototransformation of UC‐54229 (1) [2,3‐dihydro‐2,2‐dimethyl‐7‐benzofuranyl‐N‐(trimethylamino acetyl)‐N‐methyl carbamate chloride] was studied under UV and visible light conditions. Photoirradiation of 1 with UV‐light resulted in the formation of five degradation products which on the basis of their mass and ¹H Nmr spectral analysis were characterised as 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. It was observed that under the influence of light, UC‐54229 was degraded to acetyl‐carbofuran which under similar conditions underwent further transformation to the actual toxicant carbofuran. The degradation products or impurities present in 100% water soluble powder formulation were identified as carbofuran phenol and triethylamine hydrochloride.     

低浓度下4个取代苯污染物与硝酸铅的混合对发光菌的联合毒性

多种污染物混合特别是低浓度下的混合对生物的联合毒性是生态毒理学研究的热点之一。选择了3类污染物苯酚、间甲基苯酚、苯胺、对硝基苯胺、硝酸铅，采用美国微板光度计测定了它们对发光菌青海弧菌．Q67（Vibrio-qinghaiensissp-Q67）的单一及联合毒性。应用非线性拟合技术模拟了这5种物质及其混合物的剂量．效应曲线，硝酸铅可用Logit模型模拟，其它4个物质能用Weibull模型准确描述，所有拟合相关系数在0．98以上，均方根误差在O．02以下。根据纯物质的EC50值，获得这5个物质的毒性强弱顺序：硝酸铅〉对硝基苯胺〉间甲基苯酚〉苯酚〉苯胺。混合实验设计了各物质在EC50、EC1、无观察效应浓度（noobserved effectcon centration，NOEC）比例的混合。用浓度加和（doseaddition，DA）和独立作用模型（independentaction，IA）对混合物毒性进行预测。IA基本准确预测了这5个物质在各自EC50混合的毒性。DA与队模型都稍微过高地预测了以EC。及NOEC浓度比例混合的联合毒性，但都在毒理学实验容许的范围之内。这5个物质以NOEC混合时对测试生物Q67没有产生明显毒性，但是还不能判定这些物质在此浓度下混合是安全的。污染物在各自的NOEC浓度下混合是否对其它生物有潜在的威胁还需更多毒理学实验支持。     

乳化液膜法提取苯酚的动力学研究

研究了以双丁二烯亚胺－煤油作膜相,ＮａＯＨ溶液为内水相的乳化液膜提取苯的动力学特性,测定了膜相与内外水相组成,搅拌速度,温度对提取速率的影响,得出了提取速率规律。     

Determination of phenol,cresols and xylenols in workplace air using XAD‐2 sorbent cartridges

A method for sampling and analysis of phenolic compounds in workplace atmospheres using Amberlite XAD‐2 sorbent tubes has been laboratory and field tested. After extraction of the adsorbed phenols with methylene chloride, the concentrated extract was analyzed by capillary column gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector or a mass spectrometer. For a 3L air sample, the method has a detection limit for phenol, cresols, alkyl‐substituted phenols and xylenols of 0.3 mg/m³ using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC/FID) analysis and 0.07 mg/m³ using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy/selected ion monitoring GC‐MS/SIM. Evaluation tests conducted in the laboratory indicated recoveries >85% for a wide range of phenols, cresols, xylenols and other alkyl‐substituted phenols and resorcinol. Sampling conditions were established to ensure that no breakthrough occurred for a predetermined sample volume of three (3) liters even in humid atmospheres. Stability tests indicated that for storage of up to 2 weeks at 4°C, only resorcinol showed a significant reduction in sample recovery. The proposed method and NIOSH Method 3502 were compared for the determination of phenol concentrations in air samples collected at a plant processing phenolic resins. Phenol was positively identified in the XAD sample using GC‐MS/SIM and was detected at concentrations of 40–50% of the total phenols detected using NIOSH Method 3502. This difference is attributed to the airborne paniculate matter which is known to contain bisphenols that will contribute to the total phenolic content sampled in Method 3502, but not on the XAD sample.     

动态法研究酚类在活性炭上的竞争吸附

本文先研究了两种煤质活性炭对不同浓度苯酚酚和对氯代苯酚单组分溶液的吸附，应用固定床吸附动力学模型，非线性回归固定床吸附流出曲线数据，获得了酚类在活性炭上的扩散传质系数。结果发现，酚类的表面扩散系数ＤＳ强烈地依赖于入口酚的浓度，随着酚浓度的升高，表面扩散系增大。     

Biodegradation of phenol by native microorganisms isolated from coke processing wastewater

The present investigation was undertaken to assess the biodegradation of phenol by native bacteria strains isolated from coke oven processing wastewater. The strains were designated ESDSPB1, ESDSPB2 and ESDSPB3 and examined for colony morphology Gram stain characters and biochemical tests. Phenol degrading performance of all the strains was evaluated initially. One of the strains namely ESDSPB2 was found to be highly effective for the removal of phenol, which was used as sole carbon and energy source. From an initial concentration of 200 mg I(-1) it degraded to 79.84 +/- 1.23 mg l(-1). In turn the effect of temperature (20 to 45 degrees C), pH (5-10) and glucose concentration (0, 0.25 and 0.5%) on the rate of phenol degradation by that particular strain was investigated. Observations revealed that the rate of phenol biodegradation was significantly affected by pH, temperature of incubation and glucose concentration. The optimal conditions for phenol removal were found to be pH of 7 (84.63% removal), temperature, 30 degrees C (76.69% removal) and 0.25% supplemented glucose level (97.88% removal). The main significance of the study is the utilization of native bacterial strains from the waste water itself having potential of bioremediation.