甲基红分光光度法测定水中余氯

提出了以甲基红褪色光度法测定水中的余氯。在酸性介质中,余氯使甲基红褪色,最大吸收波长524nm,摩尔吸光系数=1.25×104L/mol·cm。余氯质量浓度在0 0mg/L～1mg/L范围内遵守比耳定律。对甲基红混合溶液的加入量以及样品溶液褪色后其吸光值的稳定性等作了条件试验,并与DPD分光光度法进行了对比测定,两种方法测定结果基本一致。     

对饮用水中游离性余氯测定条件的研究

系统研究了反应时间、水温、显色剂的用量及pH对游离性余氯测定的影响,优化选择最佳测定条件为控制水样pH<8,水温25℃,显色剂用量2.5 ml,加入显色剂后立即比色测定游离性余氯。在此条件下,测定3种生活饮用水游离性余氯,回收率为96.7%~99.8%,测定结果与《生活饮用水标准检验法》(GB 5750-85)中37.3滴定法颇为一致。     

碘化钾-淀粉试纸法测定余氯

基于余氯对碘化钾的氧化作用和碘淀粉反应，本文提出了测定余氯的碘化钾－淀粉试纸法。研究了最佳测试条件，用于测定医院污水中的余氯，获得满意结果。测量范围为１．０－１０．０ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

用正交试验确定游离性余氯最佳测定条件

在用DPD光度法测定水中余氯时，对水样的pH值、显色时间、显色剂用量和反应温度进行了研究，通过正交试验系统地分析了各因素影响测定结果准确性的程度，并获得最佳的反应条件，表明在该条件下测定水中余氯的准确性优于其他条件下测定的结果。     

主次波长分光光度法测定水中氟化物

主次波长分光光度法测定水中氟化物邹锋，郜洪文，房贻玲（安徽淮北啤酒厂，２３５０００）（安徽淮北市环境监测站，２３５０００）本文在茜素磺酸锆比色．［１］基础上。研究其主次波长光度法的理论与方法，建立了不受环境条件影响的卜计算模型。实验证明，该方法测定卜...     

永久性余氯标准色列的配制

用邻联甲苯胺测定医疗污水中的总余氯是GB 1 8466- 2 0 0 1《医疗机构污水排放要求》规定的标准方法。但该方法没有交待目视标准色列如何配制。针对医疗污水中总余氯的浓度水平,参考JIS方法和我国卫生部《生活饮用水检验规范》进行计算,应分别称取经1 2 0℃干燥至衡重的1 5 5 0 0gK2 Cr2 O7和4 65 0 0gK2 CrO4,溶解于氯化钾 盐酸缓冲溶液,并稀释至1 0 0 0ml后即为余氯储备液。其中KCl HCl缓冲液的配制:称取3 70g经1 0 5℃烘干至衡重的KCl,再加0 5 6ml浓盐酸,用纯水定容至1 0 0 0ml。永久性余氯标准色列( 0 1～1 0 0mg L)的配制:…     

水中加氯对三氮转化的影响

经对具有一定本底氨氮浓度水样在不同浓度梯度的余氯作用下 ,水样稳定 4～ 6小时后对其进行 NH3 - N、NO-2 - N,NO-3 - N浓度分析 ,得出三氮随不同余氯浓度的变化曲线。由变化曲线可以看出 ,水中余氯浓度在 0 .51～ 1 .35mg/ L之间 ,三氮的转化呈锐势 ,当余氯浓度≥ 1 .35mg/ L时 ,三氮浓度基本趋于稳定状态 ,而氨氮转化过程的中间产物 NO-2 - N在水中余氯浓度≥ 0 .51 mg/ L时 ,几乎不存在。表明 ,在可行性余氯浓度范围内 (水中余氯浓度不超标 ) ,水中加氯能快速有效地促进氮的硝化 ,尤其对水中亚硝酸盐的抑制是极为有效的。水中加氯…     

快速测试管法现场测定水中总余氯

余氯在水中极不稳定 ,需现场测定。通过研制一种测试管 ,从而能快速、简便地测水中的总余氯。常规法测定时间需要 3～ 5小时 ,而该测试管法仅需 1 0分钟。分析成本也大为降低     

紫外分光光度法测定水和废水中硫化物的适宜波长选择

对紫外分光光度法测定水和废水中硫化物的方法做了较为深入的研究和分析,并通过对实际样品的测定,对比和论述了在不同相关波长处空白值及方法灵敏度所受到的影响,进而选择出在紫外光区域测定水和废水中硫化物的适宜波长。     

溴百里酚蓝测定水中余氯的方法研究

提出了测定水中余氯的一个新方法.余氟将溴百里酚蓝氧化而褪色,在碱性介质中为蓝色.λmax=616nm,ε=9.17×104L/mol·cm.检出限(4.6SD)为0.6mg/L.用于测定自来水中余氯,相对标准偏差为1.76%,加标回收率为97.22%～104.2%.     

Determination of an acceptable assimilable organic carbon (AOC) level for biological stability in water distribution systems with minimized chlorine residual

There is considerable interest in minimizing the chlorine residual in Japan because of increasing complaints about a chlorinous odor in drinking water. However, minimizing the chlorine residual causes the microbiological water quality to deteriorate, and stricter control of biodegradable organics in finished water is thus needed to maintain biological stability during water distribution. In this investigation, an acceptable level of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) for biologically stable water with minimized chlorine residual was determined based on the relationship between AOC, the chlorine residual, and bacterial regrowth. In order to prepare water samples containing lower AOC, the fractions of AOC and biodegradable organic matter (BOM) in tap water samples were reduced by converting into biomass after thermal hydrolysis of BOM at alkaline conditions. The batch-mode incubations at different conditions of AOC and chlorine residual were carried out at 20°C, and the presence or absence of bacterial regrowth was determined. The determined curve for biologically stable water indicated that the acceptable AOC was 10.9 μg C/L at a minimized chlorine residual (0.05 mg Cl₂/L). This result indicated that AOC removal during current water treatment processes in Japan should be significantly enhanced prior to minimization of the chlorine residual in water distribution.     

Assessing water quality of drinking water distribution system in the South Taiwan

This investigation conducted a full-scale survey the drinking water distribution system in Kaohsiung city, Taiwan. The aim was to investigate whether the distribution system was capable of maintaining high water quality from the water treatment facilities through to the end user. The results showed that the distribution system can maintain high water quality, except for suitable chlorine residuals. The authors plotted chlorine residual contour maps to identify areas with low chlorine residuals, helping them prioritize sections that must be flushed or renewal. The contour maps also provide sufficient and clear information for locating booster chlorination stations. Contour maps enable water facilities to identify how water quality decays in the distribution systems and the locations of such decay. Water quality decay can be caused by properties of pipeline materials, hydraulic conditions, and/or biofilm thickness. However, understanding the exact reasons is unnecessary because the contour maps provide sufficient information for trouble-shooting the distribution systems.     

Monitoring of Coliforms and chlorine residual in water distribution network of Rawalpindi, Pakistan

The present study was undertaken to examine the drinking water quality of Rawal Treatment Plant, Rawalpindi and its distribution network by collecting samples from eight different locations. The aim was to determine potential relationship between the presence of microorganisms and chlorine residual in the distribution network. Quantification of chlorine residual, turbidity, standard plate count (SPC), fecal and total coliforms by Most Probable Number (MPN) was performed. Three different forms of chlorine were measured at each sampling station such as free chlorine, residual chlorine, chloramines and total chlorine residual. A critical evaluation of data presented indicated that pH generally ranged from 7.02–7.30; turbidity varied from 0.34–2.79 NTU; conductivity fluctuated from 359–374 μS/cm; and TDS values were found to be ranging between 180–187 mg/l. Station # 7 was found to be most contaminated. The value of total chlorine was found to be 0.86 to1.7 mg/l at Station # 3 and 6, respectively. Highest standard plate count was 62 CFU/ml at Station # 7. Total coliforms were less than 1.1 MPN/100 ml at almost most of the stations except at Station # 3 where it was found to be greater than 23.0 MPN /100 ml. Overall aim of this study is to create awareness about contamination of drinking water in the water distribution networks and to make recommendations to provincial agencies such as EPA, CDA and WASA that regular monitoring should be carried out to ensure that the chlorine residual is available at consumer end.     

Optimizing booster chlorination in water distribution networks: a water quality index approach

The optimization of chlorine dosage and the number of booster locations is an important aspect of water quality management in distribution networks. Booster chlorination helps to maintain uniformity and adequacy of free residual chlorine concentration, essential for safeguarding against microbiological contamination. Higher chlorine dosages increase free residual chlorine concentration but generate harmful by-products, in addition to taste and odor complaints. It is possible to address these microbial, chemical, and aesthetic water quality issues through free residual chlorine concentration. Estimating a water quality index (WQI) based on regulatory chlorine thresholds for microbial, chemical, and aesthetics criteria can help engineers make intelligent decisions. An innovative scheme for maintaining adequate residual chlorine with optimal chlorine dosages and numbers of booster locations was established based on a proposed WQI. The City of Kelowna (BC, Canada) water distribution network served to demonstrate the application of the proposed scheme. Temporal free residual chlorine concentration predicted with EPANET software was used to estimate the WQI, later coupled with an optimization scheme. Preliminary temporal and spatial analyses identified critical zones (relatively poor water quality) in the distribution network. The model may also prove useful for small or rural communities where free residual chlorine is considered as the only water quality criterion.     

Predictive model for chloroform during disinfection of water for consumption,city of Montevideo

The objective of this study was to predict chloroform formation resulting from the process of disinfecting water, particularly trihalomethane which is most frequently produced. A statistical model was used which included repeated measurements of water parameters used for monitoring water quality at 51 sites covering the municipal water system of Montevideo. Samples were taken considering different seasons from June 2009 to July 2011 in Montevideo. Total samples (n?=?330) were analytically studied using the headspace-gas chromatography method coupled with mass spectrometry. Chloroform was the dependent variable and the covariables were pH, temperature, free chlorine, and total chlorine. A Tobit analysis with an unstructured correlation matrix was performed, and a significant interaction was found between pH and free chlorine for the prediction of chloroform formation. We concluded that parameters for the continuous control of water quality for consumption can be used to predict the levels of chloroform that may be present. Given the large measurement to variability found in the repeated measurements, the use of averages that include more than one season is not recommended to determine the degree of compliance with acceptable levels established by norms.     

Cu 2+ 对分光光度法测定水样中COD的影响

通过测定Cr^3＋、Cr2O7^2-和Cu^2＋吸收曲线及标准水样的COD值，研究了Cu^2＋对分光光度法测定COD的影响。结果表明，可改变吸收波长和量程消除较高质量浓度Cu^2＋对COD测定值产生的明显影响。当水样Cu^2＋质量浓度超过400mg／L时，须将水样稀释后采用低量程法进行测定。     

硝酸银沉淀－颗粒物返还法去除COD样品中的氯化物

将样品中的颗粒物分离出来后，向样品中加入适量硝酸银，除去生成的氯化银沉淀，再将预先分离的颗粒物合并到水样中，混匀后测定。经过这样处理，既去除了水样中的Ｃｌ－，又保留了水样中原来的组份，保证了ＣＯＤ测定结果的准确性。     

测定游离氯和总氯样品保存方法研究

建立了游离氯和总氯样品保存方法。用氢氧化钠溶液作为固定剂,现场固定含有游离氯和总氯的水样,使水样pH>12。结果表明,样品经4℃低温避光保存,5 d内测定,测量结果没有显著变化,方法检出限(以Cl2计)为0.004mg/L,加标回收率为96.7%～104%。