建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测中工况控制的内容与方法

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测是环境监测的重要内容，工况控制又是验收监测的重要组成部分．本文联系监测工作的实际，对验收监测中工况控制的意义、内容及方法进行了初步的探讨．     

环境监测报告(记录)的审核原则和方法

从实际工作出发，提出了审核原始记录、数字型监测报告（报表）和文字型监测报告的审核原则和方法。     

燃煤（油）固定污染源二氧化硫排放总量监测（一）：存在问题及解决途径

论述了我国燃煤固定污染源二氧化硫排放总量监测工作中存在的问题，开展了完成的研究课题，实测方法，研制的采样和测试仪器设备等有关大气环境监测管理中一些重要的实际问题。     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测中存在的问题

结合建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测工作实际；对监测过程中存在的具体问题进行了分析；提出了解决问题的方法和途径，为进一步搞好这项工作做了有益的探索．     

江苏省环境监测分析人员上岗操作考核及其管理

监测分析人员持证上岗是保证环境监测数据准确可靠的基础。监测分析人员合格证制度作为质量保证管理的具体规定实施已久，如何保证上岗考核的质量是质量管理人员必须思考的问题。上岗考核主要包括基本理论考核、基本操作技能考核和实际样品分析，其中实际操作和样品分析是监测分析人员能否真正掌握监测方法的关键。江苏省环境监测分析人员上岗操作考核和评价方法经过多年的实践，取得了较好的效果，为加强监测分析人员上岗考核管理提供了有效的保障。     

浅析烟道测流点的布置

分析实际监测中测流点的布置方法及其不足，根据流体力学原理，找出了圆型烟道内平均流速的代表位置，提出了测点布置新方法。     

荒漠化类型划分及其数量化评价体系

从我国荒漠化监测的实际需要出发，提出了包括气候区、外营力、土地利用类型、地表特征和荒漠化程度在内的多因素复叠式荒漠化分类体系；既可适用于小区域大比例尺的重点监测，又可适用于大区域小比例尺的宏观监测的各荒漠化类型数量化程度判定指标体系和判定方法；适用于各级行政区的荒漠化水平评价方法．     

工厂噪声对厂外环境的影响预测方法及实例计算

本文论述了工厂的室内和室外声源的几种传播计算模式，指出了具体的计算方法和简化办法，并用具体实例进行了演算，还将计算结果与监测结果进行了比较，证明了所介绍的预测方法在实际运用中的可行性     

浅议建设项目环保验收监测的代表性问题

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测是各级环境监测站的一项重要工作，采样的代表性是验收监测的关键所在。本文联系监测工作的实际，对该项监测的代表性问题做了初步的探讨。     

环境空气自动监测方法检出限相关问题探讨

探讨了环境空气自动监测中实际评估方法检出限的意义,详细介绍了常规气态污染物自动监测方法检出限的评估方法。并以EC 9850型SO2分析仪为例,说明了环境空气自动监测的测定步骤和方法检出限的计算。     

中国土壤环境调查、评价与监测

介绍了近半个多世纪以来中国土壤环境调查情况,对20世纪50年代、80年代全国土壤调查情况进行了描述,阐述了2006年以来全国土壤污染状况调查情况。结合土壤环境现状、土壤监测与评价存在的问题,对未来中国土壤监测规划进行了展望。提出了确定土壤环境监测国控点,构建国家土壤环境监测网,落实土壤环境例行监测的监测思路,以进一步推进土壤环境监测和保护。     

浅谈生态影响型建设项目竣工环保验收调查报告编制

阐述了编制生态影响型建设项目竣工验收调查报告的重点和内容。该报告的编制重点应是施工期为减轻施工对周围生态环境影响采取的保护措施调查、竣工后环境恢复措施调查和工程建设前后周围环境质量变化调查与监测;该报告的编制内容包括介绍验收调查任务的由来、验收调查的依据、确定验收调查重点和采用的评价标准,对工程概况和环境概况也需进行简要描述。指出生态环境影响调查水、气、声环境质量调查和环境管理制度调查是调查报告的核心部分,并且环境影响报告结论及有关批复内容和对公众意见调查所起的作用也不容忽视。     

污染源普查成果在环境管理中的应用

历经3年的第一次全国污染源普查现已基本结束。此次污染源普查中获得了大量珍贵的污染源基础性数据,合理开发这些数据,对提高环境监察、项目审批、污染源治理及减排等工作,对加强环境管理有着不可估量的作用。结合唐山市的环境管理工作,阐述了利用普查成果,可对唐山市环境保护工作的开展起到积极的促进作用。     

渤海湾入海溶解无机氮总量控制研究

基于渤海湾近岸海域的实际调查结果,采取生态物理耦合模型,对渤海湾的主要污染物-溶解无机氮(DIN)的基准环境容量和极小剩余海洋环境容量进行了计算。结果表明,渤海湾DIN的极小剩余海洋环境容量在Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类水质标准下均为负值,渤海湾的DIN已经超标。结合实际的海水功能区水质管理目标,应重点控制非点源的排放,加强上游携带入境污染物的处理,从总量上控制DIN入海污染通量,改善渤海湾水质。     

车载辐射环境巡测技术应用的探讨

简述了国内外车载辐射巡测技术应用与系统配置情况，我国各级辐射环境监测与监察机构的车载巡测技术能力现状，分析了我国车载巡测系统测试中存在的监测标准规范适用性、监测方法、校准刻度的方法和管理问题，提出环境保护部门应制定车载系统测试相关的规范和要求，建立环保系统车载系统测试和校准刻度实验室的建议。     

Using the analytical hierarchy process to assess the environmental vulnerabilities of basins in Taiwan

Every year, Taiwan endures typhoons and earthquakes; these natural hazards often induce landslides and debris flows. Therefore, watershed management strategies must consider the environmental vulnerabilities of local basins. Because many factors affect basin ecosystems, this study applied multiple criteria analysis and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate seven criteria in three phases (geographic phase, hydrologic phase, and societal phase). This study focused on five major basins in Taiwan: the Tan-Shui River Basin, the Ta-Chia River Basin, the Cho-Shui River Basin, the Tseng-Wen River Basin, and the Kao-Ping River Basin. The objectives were a comprehensive examination of the environmental characteristics of these basins and a comprehensive assessment of their environmental vulnerabilities. The results of a survey and AHP analysis showed that landslide area is the most important factor for basin environmental vulnerability. Of all these basins, the Cho-Shui River Basin in central Taiwan has the greatest environmental vulnerability.     

Calibrating and monitoring the western gray whale mitigation zone and estimating acoustic transmission during a 3D seismic survey, Sakhalin Island, Russia

A 3D marine seismic survey of the Odoptu license area off northeastern Sakhalin Island, Russia, was conducted by DalMorNefteGeofizika (DMNG) on behalf of Exxon Neftegas Limited and the Sakhalin-1 consortium during mid-August through early September 2001. The key environmental issue identified in an environmental impact assessment was protection of the critically endangered western gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus), which spends the summer–fall open water period feeding off northeast Sakhalin Island in close proximity to the seismic survey area. Seismic mitigation and monitoring guidelines and recommendations were developed and implemented to reduce impacts on the feeding activity of western gray whales. Results of the acoustic monitoring program indicated that the noise monitoring and mitigation program was successful in reducing exposure of feeding western gray whales to seismic noise.     

突发性大气污染事故调查

对突发性大气污染事故带来的环境影响 ,进行大气污染物和生态环境监测调查 ,分析判断所受症状与污染物之间的对应关系 ,并对生态环境调查提出建议     

Assessing benthic community condition in Chesapeake Bay: does the use of different benthic indices matter?

Federal and state environmental agencies conduct several programs to characterize the environmental condition of Chesapeake Bay. These programs use different benthic indices and survey designs, and have produced assessments that differ in the estimate of the extent of benthic community degradation in Chesapeake Bay. Provided that the survey designs are unbiased, differences may exist in the ability of these indices to identify environmental degradation. In this study we compared the results of three indices calculated on the same data, and the assessments of two programs: the Chesapeake Bay Program and the Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment (MAIA). We examined the level of agreement of index results using site-based measures of agreement, evaluated sampling designs and statistical estimation methods, and tested for significant differences in assessments. Comparison of ratings of individual sites was done within separate categories of water and sediment quality to identify which indices summarize best pollution problems in Chesapeake Bay. The use of different benthic indices by these programs produced assessments that differed significantly in the estimate of degradation. A larger fraction of poor sites was classified as good by the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program’s Virginian Province and MAIA benthic indices compared to the Chesapeake Bay benthic index of biotic integrity, although overall classification efficiencies were similar for all indices. Differences in survey design also contributed to differences in assessments. The relative difference between the indices remained the same when they were applied to an independent dataset, suggesting that the indices can be calibrated to produce consistent results.     

与我国环境管理对接的大气污染源排放清单分析

环境管理与大气污染源清单对接的基础是环境管理数据体系。选取京津冀大气污染传输通道"2+26"城市中的14个城市实施访谈与问卷调查,普遍认为大气污染源清单的主要用途为大气污染应急、预警以及污染源解析,但由于环境统计、污染源监测和排污许可三大环境管理数据体系差异较大,导致环境管理数据的行业和工艺过程针对性不强,无法满足污染源清单的需求。造成该问题的主要原因在于基层生态环境部门技术储备不足、污染源信息分散以及数据管理任务分工不明确。促进环境管理与大气污染源清单的对接,重点在于污染源数据定期更新和环境管理数据的一体化,应着重形成多部门数据共享、全面和全过程环境管理以及人才和技术保障机制。