德国报废汽车拆解的环境无害化管理及对我国的启示

报废汽车的拆解是汽车生命周期管理过程中的重要环节,是实现报废汽车的资源回收和循环利用的必然途径,拆解过程的环境无害化管理对于提高回收率、合理处置废物和防治污染非常重要.欧盟、美国、日本等发达国家早就对报废汽车进行了环境无害化管理.我国正面临大量报废汽车对环境带来的压力.介绍了德国报废汽车拆解环境无害化管理要求和经验,希望能为我国报废汽车拆解的环境管理提供参考,并提出了建议.     

报废汽车拆解利用循环产业链建设的初步探讨

在分析我国报废汽车拆解与利用行业的发展现状、存在问题和严峻的环境影响基础上,依据循环经济的理念,吸取发达国家经验,并结合中国国情,对建立报废汽车拆解与利用循环产业模式进行了初步探讨,并对于汽车拆解与利用循环产业链的建设提出了相关建议.     

发达国家汽车用废塑料的再生利用简介

1 各国竞相依法促进报废汽车的再生利用 目前全世界约有各种汽车7.5亿辆,每年约报废汽车5000万辆,除部分经检修后作为二手车廉价出售外,大部分经拆解后再生利用.由于汽车是材料密集型产品,通过再生利用,既可大量回收废钢铁、废有色金属、废橡胶和整修后可用的二手部件,同时又可减少废物填埋用地,故各发达国家对报废汽车的回收利用十分重视.美国主要通过市场机制鼓励汽车制造商兼营报废汽车的再生利用事业,并大力发展二手部件产业在为汽车检修业服务的同时取得较好效益.欧盟和日本则依法推行生产者责任制以充分发挥汽车制造商从设计生产源头上为汽车报废后易拆解回收利用创造条件,从而实现资源的循环利用.     

关于我国报废汽车市场发展趋势的初步研究

随着汽车保有量的快速上升,我国报废汽车市场规模正在进入快速增长区间。根据发达国家的经验,报废汽车拆解与回收利用是循环经济产业的重要支柱。未来我国报废汽车市场规模的增长以及相关资源回收利用市场的发展,将会产生许多新的市场机会,也会对我国循环经济产业发展产生较大影响。     

报废汽车再制造产业化发展浅析

以报废汽车再制造规模化、市场化、产业化发展为主线,围绕报废汽车回收拆解行业的热点问题,介绍了发达国家对报废汽车的管理模式与我国政府相关法规政策走向,分析了发展再制造产业面临的问题,以及报废汽车再制造即将朝着新兴产业化发展方向快速推进的动因和机遇。     

报废汽车非金属材料资源化利用研究

随着大量汽车进入报废期,如何对报废汽车进行资源化再利用成为人们面临的重要课题。报废汽车上的非金属材料,由于种类多、组成复杂,资源化再利用的难度较大,大多被废弃,会造成资源浪费、环境污染等一系列问题。塑料、橡胶、玻璃是汽车中主要的非金属材料,这些物质的资源化利用,对改善环境、节约资源,具有极大的社会经济效益。着重对报废汽车中塑料、橡胶、玻璃主要非金属材料的资源化利用技术现状进行研究,探究提高其回收利用水平的思路,对报废汽车非金属材料的资源化再利用提供一定的参考。     

专利名称：一种报废汽车拆解系统

正专利申请号:CN201910884334.2公开号:CN110588845A申请日:2019.09.19公开日:2019.12.20申请人:国投安徽城市资源循环利用有限公司本发明属于报废汽车处理技术领域,尤其涉及一种报废汽车拆解系统,该系统按处理的先后顺序依次包括汽车动力能源回收装置、报废汽车停放装置、报废汽车的处理平台以     

商务部工业和信息化部公安部交通运输部工商总局质检总局关于开展报废汽车回收拆解专项整治的通知

当前,一些地方非法回收拆解报废汽车、利用报废汽车“五大总成”拼装车的活动有所抬头,报废汽车、拼装车上路行驶问题日益突出,严重威胁道路交通和人民群众生命财产安全,并造成环境污染。为整顿和规范报废汽车回收拆解秩序,切实加强报废汽车管理,严厉打击非法回收拆解和倒卖报废汽车、拼装车等违法行为,商务部、工业和信息化部、公安部、交通运输部、     

甘肃省6部门联手整治汽车“黑拆解”

为整顿和规范报废汽车回收拆解秩序,加强报废汽车管理,严厉打击非法回收拆解和倒卖报废汽车、拼装车等违法行为,甘肃省商务厅、省工信委、省公安厅、省交通运输厅、省工商局、省质监局六部门近日联合下发通知,要求全省各市州全面开展专项检查和整治工作,依法严厉查处甘肃省内非法回收拆解和倒卖报废汽车、利用报废汽车总成拼装车、驾驶报废汽车或拼装车上路行驶等违法行为。     

报废汽车拆解指导自动推送系统设计与实现

针对我国报废汽车数量庞大、种类繁杂的特点,为了提高报废汽车拆解线运行效率,增强系统易用性,设计了一种报废汽车拆解指导自动推送系统,该系统利用物联网技术自动推送不同车型在不同工位的拆解指导。系统利用光电传感器的定位功能、RFID模块的信息存储和读取功能,将不同车型的拆解文件推送至相应拆解工位,工位终端上的拆解指导自动推送软件通过显示拆解过程的3D动作,实现对操作人员的拆解过程指导。系统能够大大降低拆解线对人员培训的要求,实现拆解线多车型报废汽车的拆解,对于报废汽车拆解智能化具有重要意义。     

Current recycling regulations and technologies for the typical plastic components of end-of-life passenger vehicles: a meaningful lesson for China

China became the largest automotive producer and the biggest automobile market in the world in 2009, but the scrap vehicle recycling industry is still in its beginning stage. Especially, the scrapped plastic parts recycling technology lags behind developed countries. Therefore, in-depth studies on the recycling of automotive plastics are significant and beneficial for environmental protection, energy conservation and the sustainable development of the Chinese automotive plastic industry. In this article, automotive plastic components recycling-related rules and regulations about developed countries and China are discussed first. According to the passenger vehicle plastic part types, the recycling technologies for typical plastic components of end-of-life passenger vehicle are analyzed comprehensively. Based on the combination of contemporary domestic and foreign plastic recycling technology and the result of the current research, the problems and future development for the ELVs plastic recycling industry in China are deliberated, at the same time, some constructive ideas and suggestions for the industry are provided.     

飞机拆解与再利用研究进展

随着报废飞机数量的日益增多,废旧飞机处理的环境问题显得尤为迫切.简要评述了空中客车公司飞机使用寿命终结高级管理流程（PAMELA）项目的情况,以及废旧飞机报废过程中的管理体系的建立,并对我国报废飞机拆解与再利用研究进展进行了阐述,以期为废旧飞机的处理找到新的途径.     

Estimation of world trade for used automobiles

In order to provide the basic information for building an international automobile recycling system, this article attempts to estimate the multilateral trade for used automobiles. First, the problems in evaluation of the used automobile trade were clarified through the trade data obtained from the United Nations database (UN-DB) and the Global Trade Information Services database (GTI-DB). Furthermore, we developed an estimation method for the used automobile trade using the highlighted advantages of the UN-DB and GTI-DB. The reasons for employing this estimation method were to correct the systematic errors in both databases and to sample used automobile data from the UN-DB by using the new and used automobile information in the GTI-DB. The world trade volume for used passenger cars in 2005 was estimated by the method developed. These results indicated that total trade volume was 5.65 × 10⁶ vehicles, and that the exports from Germany, the United States, and Japan comprise 22%, 21%, and 20% of the global total, respectively. Moreover, the results indicate that these countries export used passenger cars not only to developing countries (54%), but also to developed countries (46%).     

Evaluation method of automobile recycling systems for Asia considering international material cycles: application to Japan and Thailand

To examine an appropriate recycling system for end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) from Japan in the context of Asia, an Asian international automobile recycling input-output (AI-ARIO) analysis is presented. The AI-ARIO analysis spatially expands the existing ARIO analysis within the framework of the waste input-output (WIO) analysis developed by Nakamura et al., which considers the interdependence between the flow of goods and wastes in a country. This analysis focuses on the local and global cycles for ELVs in Asia and can evaluate the environmental and economic effects of alternative recycling systems. We estimated the AI-ARIO table for Japan and Thailand and applied it to scenario analyses covering the restriction of ELV trade between the two countries, the introduction of new recycling techniques in Thailand, and centralized treatment in Japan. We verified the applicability and effectiveness of the AI-ARIO analysis through the scenario analyses.     

浅析报废汽车拆解厂废水循环处理技术的应用现状

报废汽车的回收拆解处理在我国已经逐渐兴起，但由于该产业尚处于发展初期，环保技术手段和可持续性发展意识还不够，因此在回收拆解过程中会产生大量的废水和其他污液。针对某汽车回收拆解厂的废水特性进行实验研究，形成“电荷凝集过滤一活性炭吸附”组合工艺，对报废汽车回收拆解企业的废水处理提供了一定的参考价值。     

发达国家废玻璃回收利用经验及借鉴

介绍了发达国家处理和再利用废玻璃的经验,提出我国应借鉴发达国家经验,从科研、政策、法律等方面加强废玻璃的再利用工作。     

An international comparative study of end-of-life vehicle (ELV) recycling systems

End-of-life vehicles (ELV) have become a global concern as automobiles have become popular worldwide. An international workshop was held to gather data and to discuss 3R policies and ELV recycling systems, their background and present situation, outcomes of related policies and programs, the framework of recycling and waste management, and case studies on related topics in several countries and regions, as well as the essential points of the comparison. Legislative ELV recycling systems are established in the EU, Japan, Korea, and China, while in the US, ELV recycling is managed under existing laws on environmental protection. Since automobile shredding residue (ASR) has a high calorific value and ash content, and includes heavy metals as well as a mass of unclassified fine particles, recycling ASR is considered highly difficult. Countries with a legislative ELV system commonly set a target for recovery rates, with many aiming for more than 95 % recovery. In order to reach this target, higher efficiency in ASR recovery is needed, in addition to material recycling of collectable components and metals. Environmentally friendly design was considered necessary at the planning and manufacturing stages, and the development of recycling systems and techniques in line with these changes are required for sound ELV management.     

汽车用铂族金属的循环利用技术简介

铂族金属在地壳中储量稀少。随着汽车销量的增加及汽车尾气排放标准的提高,铂族金属的用量增长迅速。简要介绍了从废旧汽车尾气净化触媒中回收铂族金属的工艺流程及方法,随着研发技术的深入,铂族金属的回收利用率将大幅提升。     

Regional or global WEEE recycling. Where to go?

If we consider Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) management, we can see the development of different positions in developed and developing countries. This development started with the movement of WEEE from developed countries to the developing countries. However, when the consequences for health and the environment were observed, some developing countries introduced a ban on the import of this kind of waste under the umbrella of the Basel Convention, while some developed countries have been considering a regional or global WEEE recycling approach. This paper explores the current movements between Source and Destination countries, or the importers and exporters, and examines whether it is legal and why illegal traffic is still rife; how global initiatives could support a global WEEE management scheme; the recycling characteristics of the source an destination countries and also to ascertain whether the principle of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) has been established between the different stakeholders involved in WEEE management.Ultimately, the Full Extended Producer Responsibility is presented as a possible solution because the compensation of the environmental capacity for WEEE recycling or treatment could be made by the contribution of extra responsibility; and also generating an uniform standard for processing WEEE in an environmentally sound manner could support the regional or international solution of WEEE and also improve the performance of the informal sector.     

我国冶金渣开发利用产业慨况及发展前景

全面分析了我国冶金渣开发利用产业的发展状况和存在问题，提出行业未来的发展战略，指出我国冶金渣开发利用处于起步阶段，与发达国家相比还有很大差距，具有巨大的发展潜力和良好的投资环境。