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1.
采用水热晶化法合成了不同含铜量的Cu—SBA-15介孔分子筛,并且用XRD、N2吸附、TEM以及uV—vis对所合成的样品进行表征。以Cu—SBA-15为催化剂,H2O2为氧化剂,催化湿式过氧化水溶液中的罗丹明B,主要考察H2O2浓度、催化剂用量、处理温度、初始pH等因素对罗丹明B氧化效果的影响。结果表明,在同样的处理条件下罗丹明的脱色率明显高于TOC去除率,处理温度、初始pH对罗丹明B的脱色与氧化有重要影响。在罗丹明B初始浓度100mg/L,H2O2初始浓度1.8g/L,催化剂量0.3g/L,温度60℃,pH为7.0,处理时间100min时,罗丹明B的脱色率为98.6%,TOC去除率为62.8%。 相似文献
2.
以苯胺和过硫酸铵为主要原料合成了盐酸聚苯胺(HClPANI)催化剂,并通过FTIR、XRD、SEM和EDS对催化剂进行了表征。研究了在紫外光照下、HClPANI催化H2O2氧化处理罗丹明B染料废水工艺参数,探讨了各种因素对废水脱色效果的影响,并对催化氧化机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明,催化剂HClPANI对催化H2O2氧化处理罗丹明B具有较好的催化活性、稳定性和重复使用性能。UV-H2O2-HClPANI体系产生了明显的协同效应,在pH=3、200 mg/L的罗丹明B废水中,30%H2O2用量为1.2 mL/L、HClPANI用量1 g/L、反应温度25℃、紫外灯功率500 W、光照70 min,罗丹明B脱色率达到了98.2%。 相似文献
3.
以粉煤灰为载体,制备铁/粉煤灰负载型催化剂,并利用该催化剂催化H2O2氧化降解活性黄染料废水,探讨了H2O2投加量、催化剂投加量、染料初始浓度和初始pH值等因素对染料废水COD去除率和脱色率的影响。结果表明,当染料废水COD初始浓度为200 mg/L,初始pH值为1.7,投加0.5 g/100 mL催化剂及加入1.0 mL浓度为1.13 mol/L的H2O2溶液时,处理效果最好,此时染料废水的COD去除率和脱色率分别达到63%和99%,并且废水的可生化性得到很大的提高。利用该负载催化剂能够有效地减少活性黄染料废水中Fe3+的残留量。 相似文献
4.
以苯胺和过硫酸铵为主要原料合成了盐酸聚苯胺(HClPANI)催化剂,并通过FTIR、XRD、SEM和EDS对催化剂进行了表征。研究了在紫外光照下、HClPANI催化H2O2氧化处理罗丹明B染料废水工艺参数,探讨了各种因素对废水脱色效果的影响,并对催化氧化机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明,催化剂HClPANI对催化H2O2氧化处理罗丹明B具有较好的催化活性、稳定性和重复使用性能。UV-H2O2-HClPANI体系产生了明显的协同效应,在pH=3、200 mg/L的罗丹明B废水中,30%H2O2用量为1.2 mL/L、HClPANI用量1 g/L、反应温度25℃、紫外灯功率500 W、光照70 min,罗丹明B脱色率达到了98.2%。 相似文献
5.
采用O3/H2O2高级氧化工艺处理炼油厂反渗透(RO)浓水,用溶气泵加压溶气并产生微气泡强化传质,确定装置运行条件,考察气体中臭氧浓度、H2O2/O3初始摩尔比、pH和温度对O3/H2O2处理RO浓水效果的影响,并对RO浓水处理效能进行研究。结果表明,随着气体中臭氧浓度的增加,COD的去除率基本呈线性增加;加入适当量H2O2能提高臭氧氧化RO浓水的效果,H2O2/O3初始摩尔比在0~0.8范围内,COD的去除率先增加后下降,H2O2/O3初始摩尔比为0.5时COD去除率最大;pH从6.84增加到9.01,COD去除率逐渐增大,pH为10.03时COD去除率反而降低;在14~28℃范围内,温度低时,升高温度COD去除率增加较大,温度较高时,升高温度对COD去除率的影响较小。为考察该工艺的稳定性,在H2O2/O3初始摩尔比为0.5、溶液pH为8~9、臭氧浓度为80~100 mg/L、温度为10~28℃条件下,对COD为90~140mg/L的RO浓水氧化处理4~10 h,出水COD维持在39.9~49.9 mg/L,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB 18918-2002)》中的一级A标准;去除1 g COD消耗O31.4~3.3 g,消耗O3与H2O2的总氧量为2.2~4.4 g。 相似文献
6.
《环境工程学报》2015,(11)
通过浸渍法制备了CuO/AC作为微波催化剂,并采用XRD、FT-IR进行表征分析。考察了CuO担载量,微波催化剂用量、微波功率、辐照时间、pH值等因素对苯酚废水去除率的影响。结果表明,在微波功率600 W条件下,使用3 g CuO担载量0.5%的CuO/AC催化剂处理100 m L初始浓度为500 mg/L的苯酚模拟废水,反应18 min,去除率可达99.42%,相应TOC去除率为90.4%。通过添加不同氧化基团清除剂的实验发现,反应过程中产生了羟基自由基(·OH)。而添加大量H2O2或持续鼓入O2并不能有效提高苯酚的去除率。同时,还对微波催化氧化降解苯酚废水进行了动力学分析,发现其符合一级动力学方程模型,并得出表观速度常数随微波功率密度增加而增大的关系。 相似文献
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《环境工程学报》2015,(9)
采用Fenton试剂对火炸药污染土壤淋洗液进行氧化处理,研究了Fe SO4·7H2O投加量、H2O2投加量、初始pH、反应时间及温度对处理效果的影响,采用发光细菌发评价处理前后水样的急性毒性变化。结果表明,Fenton试剂氧化可有效去除火炸药污染土壤淋洗液的COD,当Fe SO4·7H2O投加量为8.0 g/L,H2O2投加量为64 m L/L,初始pH为3,反应时间120 min及反应温度30℃时,污染土壤淋洗液的COD由4 553.9 mg/L降至800.1 mg/L,COD去除率82.4%,COD的降解符合二级动力学模型。经Fenton氧化处理后,水样的急性毒性降低94.7%,B/C由0.007升至0.22,可生化性得到明显改善。 相似文献
11.
The ability of two biodegradable surfactants, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) and sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate (Aerosol MA), to recover a representative dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL), trichloroethene (TCE), from heterogeneous porous media was evaluated through a combination of batch and aquifer cell experiments. An aqueous solution containing 3.3% Aerosol MA, 8% 2-propanol and 6 g/l CaCl(2) yielded a weight solubilization ratio (WSR) of 1.21 g TCE/g surfactant, with a corresponding liquid-liquid interfacial tension (IFT) of 0.19 dyn/cm. Flushing of aquifer cells containing a TCE-DNAPL source zone with approximately two pore volumes of the AMA formulation resulted in substantial (>30%) mobilization of TCE-DNAPL. However, a TCE mass recovery of 81% was achieved when the aqueous-phase flow rate was sufficient to displace the mobile TCE-DNAPL toward the effluent well. Aqueous solutions of Tween 80 exhibited a greater capacity to solubilize TCE (WSR=1.74 g TCE/g surfactant) and exerted markedly less reduction in IFT (10.4 dyn/cm). These data contradict an accepted empirical correlation used to estimate IFT values from solubilization capacity, and indicate a unique capacity of T80 to form concentrated TCE emulsions. Flushing of aquifer cells with less than 2.5 pore volumes of a 4% T80 solution achieved TCE mass recoveries ranging from 66 to 85%, with only slight TCE-DNAPL mobilization (<5%) occurring when the total trapping number exceeded 2 x 10(-5). These findings demonstrate the ability of Tween 80 and Aerosol MA solutions to efficiently recover TCE from a heterogeneous DNAPL source zone, and the utility of the total trapping number as a design parameter for a priori prediction of DNAPL mobilization and bank angle formation when flushing with low-IFT solutions. Given their potential to stimulate microbial reductive dechlorination at low concentrations, these surfactants are well-suited for remedial action plans that couple aggressive mass removal followed by enhanced bioremediation to treat chlorinated solvent source zones. 相似文献
12.
Torben Nielsen Anders Feilberg Mona-Lise Binderup 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(3):133-137
The occurrence of particle associated PAH and other mutagenic PAC was determined in 1996 in the street air of Copenhagen.
In addition, particle extracts were tested for mutagenicity. The measurements were compared with previous measurements in
1992/1993. The levels had decreased in this period. The decrease was caused by an implementation of light diesel fuels for
buses and the exchange of older petrol-driven passenger cars with catalystequipped new ones. About 65% of the reduction was
caused by the application of the light diesel fuels. Under special conditions, chemical processes in the atmosphere produced
many more mutagens than the direct emissions. The concentrations of S-PAC and N-PAC were 10 times lower than those of PAH,
while the levels of oxy-PAH were in the same order of magnitude as those of PAH. Benzanthrone, an oxy-PAH, is proposed to
be formed in the atmosphere in addition to direct emissions. Benzo(a)pyrene, often applied as an air quality criteria indicator,
was photochemically degraded in the atmosphere. A strong increase in the mutagenic activities was observed to coincide with
a depletion of benzo(a)pyrene. 相似文献
13.
Jaana Koistinen Sirpa Herve Raija Paukku Mirja Lahtiperä Jaakko Paasivirta 《Chemosphere》1997,34(12):2553-2569
Concentrations of different chlorinated compounds were measured in mussels incubated in two polluted watercourses, a river (the River Kymijoki) and a lake (Lake Vanaja) for four weeks in summer 1995. The sum concentrations of polychlorinated phenols (PCP) and biphenyls (PCB) were both about 1 μg/g lipid weight (lw) in Lake Vanaja mussels, while in the River Kymijoki mussels PCPs were non-detectable and PCBs were measured 120 ng/g lIw. The concentrations of toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and dibenzofuran (PCDF) congeners ranged between <17 and 370 pg/g Iw in Lake Vanaja mussels and between <38 and 11,000 pg/g lw in the River Kymijoki mussels. Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDE) were detected in the mussels incubated in the River Kymijoki (0.4–1.1 ng/g Iw), but not in those incubated in Lake Vanaja. Polychlorinated phenoxyanisoles (PCPA) were measured 33 ng/g lw and polychlorinated phenoxyphenols (PCPP) 300 ng/g lw in the mussels incubated in the River Kymijoki. PCPAs were also detected in reference samples, which were sediment and pike from the River Kymijoki and Baltic salmon, seal and white-tailed sea eagle. 相似文献
14.
Andreia Garcês Isabel Pires Paula Rodrigues 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2020,55(1):75-89
AbstractIn the last decades, the use and misuse of pesticides in the agriculture have increased, having a severe impact on ecosystems and their fauna. Although the various effects of pesticides on biodiversity have been already documented in several studies, to our knowledge no consistent overview of the impact of pesticides in vertebrates, both terrestrial and aquatic, is available. In this review, we try to present a concise compilation of the teratogenic effects of pesticides on the different classes of vertebrates – mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. 相似文献
15.
G T Brooks 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):619-621
The Pesticide Manual ‐ A World Compendium, 8th Edition, C.R. Worthing, Editor and S.B. Walker, Assistant Editor, British Crop Protection Council, BCPC Publications Sales, Bear Farm, Binfield, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 5QE, England. 1987, 1100 pp., UK £50; Overseas £56. ISBN 0–948404–01–9. 相似文献
16.
Wilkins K Nielsen KF Din SU 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(3):162-166
We reported previously that trichodiene, a volatile trichothecene derivative, was produced by a Stachybotrys isolate, also known to produce highly cytotoxic, non-volatile, macrocyclic trichothecenes (satrotoxins). We investigated the relationship between the production of trichodiene and various non-volatile trichothecenes for several molds. Volatile metabolites were concentrated by adsorption on Tenax TA and analyzed by GC/MS, while non-volatile metabolites were separated by HPLC, derivatized and analyzed by GC/MS. Stachybotrys chartarum isolates producing macrocyclic trichothecenes secreted significantly larger amounts of trichodiene and other sesquiterpenes than isolates which only produced simple trichothecenes. The amounts of secreted trichodiene were relatively small in all cases. With the exception of Memnoniella, which excreted small amounts of sesquiterpenes, the other isolates produced varying amounts of sesquiterpenes, including trichodiene, as well as simple tricothecenes, no detectable trichodiene, but large amounts of griseofulvin derivatives. In Stachybotrys there is apparently a correlation between trichodiene and macrocyclic trichothecene production. In the remaining isolates, there was no simple relationship between trichodiene and non-volatile trichothecene synthesis. Trichodiene is produced in larger amounts by Stachybotrys isolates, which also produce satratoxins, but it will be difficult to utilize this metabolite to detect toxic isolates in buildings due to the relatively small amounts excreted. 相似文献
17.
Abstract The pH‐disappearance rate profiles were determined at ca. 25°C for 24 insecticides at 4 or 5 pH values over the range 4.5 to 8.0 in sterile phosphate buffers prepared in water‐ethanol (99: 1 v/v). Half‐lives measured at pH 8 were generally smaller than at lower pH values. Changes in half lives between pH 8.0 and 4.5 were largest (>1000x) for the aryl carbamates, carbofuran and carbaryl, the oxime carbamate, oxamyl, and the organophosphorus insecticide, trichlorfon. In contrast, half lives of phorate, terbufos, heptachlor, fensulfothion and aldicarb were affected only slightly by pH changes. Under the experimental conditions described half lives at pH8 varied from 1–2 days for trichlorfon and oxamyl to >1 year for fensulfothion and cyper‐methrin. Insecticide persistence on alumina (acid, neutral and basic), mineral soils amended with aluminum sulfate or calcium hydroxide to different pH values and four natural soils of different pH was examined. No correlation was observed between the measured pH of these solids and the rate of disappearance of selected insecticides applied to them. These observations demonstrate the difficulty of extrapolating the pH dependent disappearance behaviour observed in homogeneous solution to partially solid heterogeneous systems such as soil. 相似文献
18.
Blunt RE Walsh KA Ashton DK Viant MR Chipman JK 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(5):293-296
A Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) funded Knowledge Transfer (KT) workshop was held in the United Kingdom (UK)
to identify the needs and opportunities in the application of molecular biology and ‘omics’ techniques to environmental monitoring
and risk assessment. Attendees highlighted a lack of effective communication between end-users and researchers as well as
difficulties with data interpretation as reasons behind the slow uptake of molecular biology and omics techniques. A number
of promising areas in which new techniques could be implemented at a practical level in the very near future were identified,
thereby raising the profile of these recent technologies and providing vital proof of concept work. Molecular taxonomy, bacterial
source tracking and pre-screening of chemicals for potential toxicities were all viewed as areas in which omics and molecular
techniques could have immediate value, with the aim of reducing cost, increasing efficiency and providing more comprehensive
data of improved quality. 相似文献
19.
Ona Sakaliene Sharon K. Papiernik William C. Koskinen Kurt A. Spokas 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):641-647
This study was undertaken to determine sorption coefficients of eight herbicides (alachlor, amitrole, atrazine, simazine, dicamba, imazamox, imazethapyr, and pendimethalin) to seven agricultural soils from sites throughout Lithuania. The measured sorption coefficients were used to predict the susceptibility of these herbicides to leach to groundwater. Soil-water partitioning coefficients were measured in batch equilibrium studies using radiolabeled herbicides. In most soils, sorption followed the general trend pendimethalin > alachlor > atrazine~ amitrole~ simazine > imazethapyr > imazamox > dicamba, consistent with the trends in hydrophobicity (log Kow) except in the case of amitrole. For several herbicides, sorption coefficients and calculated retardation factors were lowest (predicted to be most susceptible to leaching) in a soil of intermediate organic carbon content and sand content. Calculated herbicide retardation factors were high for soils with high organic carbon contents. Estimated leaching times under saturated conditions, assuming no herbicide degradation and no preferential water flow, were more strongly affected by soil textural effects on predicted water flow than by herbicide sorption effects. All herbicides were predicted to be slowest to leach in soils with high clay and low sand contents, and fastest to leach in soils with high sand content and low organic matter content. Herbicide management is important to the continued increase in agricultural production and profitability in the Baltic region, and these results will be useful in identifying critical areas requiring improved management practices to reduce water contamination by pesticides. 相似文献
20.
Ralph A. Chapman Carol Harris 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4-5):397-407
Abstract The active ingredients in commercial formulations of malathion, oxamyl, carbaryl, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos diluted to “spray tank”; concentrations with buffered distilled or natural water of pH 4–9 were stable for at least 24 hr. Formulations of trichlorfon were not stable at pH 7 or above but disappearance rates were slower than for the pure chemical in homogeneous solution. Cupric ion was observed to be an effective catalyst for the hydrolysis of a variety of pure organophosphorus insecticides but did not catalyze hydrolysis of the active ingredients of the formulations examined. Increasing the dilution of the formulation increased the susceptibility of malathion, oxamyl, and carbaryl to hydrolysis. 相似文献