气田放空天然气减排技术探讨

随着低碳发展理念的不断深入,放空天然气带来的资源浪费与温室气体排放问题日益成为气田节能减排的关注重点之一。文章结合气田放空天然气排放特点,着重探讨国内外回收利用现状,在分析西南油气田减排技术需求的基础上提出适宜的减排技术建议,包括：开发井口放空气撬装式回收装置,开展增压机放空天然气减排技术研究,开展火炬气减排技术研究。通过对此类技术群的继续开发与应用,为气田下一步减排行动提供技术参考。     

低压放空天然气的高效再利用

为了提高试采放空天然气的利用率,考虑将不能输送的放空低压气进行技术增压,达到输送压力后,使其进入油气处理装置进行分离,其中一部分通过注气压缩机回注至地层,保持地层压力,提高油田凝析油采收率和延长油气田开发时间,实现低压气的高效利用。对站外试采井的低压放空气进行增压回收,减少了天然气资源浪费,实现了向资源节约型、环境保护企业的健康发展。     

输气管道放空天然气回收方案探讨

本文结合输气管理处输气管道放空模式及现状,根据管线放空的实际数据,提出了一套切实可行的输气管道放空天然气回收实施方案。     

塔里木油田零散井放空天然气CNG回收技术

针对油气田勘探开发过程中,存在一些偏远零散单井伴生气放空问题。中国石油塔里木油田通过反复调研和论证,采取CNG技术回收放空的天然气,不仅实现了节能减排,降低了对环境的污染,同时还产生了明显的经济效益。     

天然气净化厂放空废气对环境的影响及控制措施

天然气净化厂除正常生产有工艺废气排放外,传统装置检修开停产过程、供电或设备异常情况下,会有大量酸气、原料气通过放空火炬燃烧后排放。文章主要分析了天然气净化装置放空废气排放情况及其对周边环境的影响,阐述了异常放空、检修开停产过程原料气和酸气放空的控制措施及其环境效益。     

油田开发与环境保护

我国陆地油田开发已有几十年的历史,近年来又发现了一批大型油田,随着油田开发规模不断扩大,相应地带来了一系列环境问题。①不合理开采。有的油田伴生气含量很高,属挥发性油田,但为了急于采油,在天然气回收装置尚未及时配套前,就放空烧掉了大量天然气,既浪费了大量天然气资源,又严重污染了周围环境。②管理差。某些油田为了完成上级下达的全年原油生产任务,而拼命采油,忽略了管理的重要性。油田钻     

尾气循环技术在国内顺酐装置的应用

顺酐生产过程排放的废气中含有大量未反应原料、副产物CO和挥发性有机物(VOC)等,对其进行处理使之达标排放,回收其中可利用的物质或能量有重要意义。吐哈石化厂顺酐装置采用CONSER公司工艺技术,新增部分尾气回收生产工艺路线,回收40%的尾气中的正丁烷,实现了蒸汽分阶利用,排放的废气中SO2、NOx、颗粒物等达到GB16297-1996《大气污染物综合排放标准》中二级标准。     

新疆油田盆5气田放空气回收技术应用

新疆油田盆5气田采用分子筛对天然气处理站的放空气进行回收,介绍了分子筛的吸附原理、回收技术原理及工艺流程、净化脱水压力稳定安全措施等。通过优化破乳剂类型及注入量,净化脱水后的放空气满足回收利用要求。此项回收技术的利用,每年可减排废气5209.2×104m3,回收天然气约360×104m3,增加经济效益360万元。     

我国天然气资源综合利用的问题与对策

我国对天然气的综台利用已形成了较完整的体系。但也存在一些问题,天然气浪费现象仍较严重,回收刊用不很充分;天然气化工利用深度不够,产品单一:天然气利用方向不够台理。因此.应加强天然气集输和加工工程项目的建设和企业管理。提高天然气的回收利用率;从整体效益出发,优化天然气消费结构:加速技术进步。对天然气资源进行深加工,提高天然气资源利用的经济效益和社会效益。     

天然气处理站节能减排措施研究与应用

新疆油田公司采油二厂81~#天然气处理站为解决天然气放空所造成的能源浪费及对大气环境的污染,对原工艺流程进行优化改造。文章介绍该处理站各套装置运行特点,分析了天然气放空的几种原因,并通过两个增压站停机检修期间流程改造、罐区天然气放空线改造、检修期间2套浅冷装置的流程优化等针对性措施,全年累计减少天然气放空3000×10~4Nm~3左右,增加经济效益约3000万元,同时减少H_2S排放约524 kg。     

站场伴生气减排回收工艺研究与应用

针对部分油田站场因伴生气量低造成的燃烧排放或无效放空的生产现状,研制了一种基于双U型管气液分离、气体过滤、阀前调压稳压和止回阀的组合式回收装置。对组合式回收装置进行了功能测试,并在17座站场现场应用,供气系统压力平稳,加热炉正常运行,实现了低气油比站场伴生气100%回收利用,有利于油田安全环保、节能减排与清洁生产。     

站场伴生气减排回收工艺研究与应用

伴生气的回收利用一直是油田生产中长期以来存在的难点问题。针对部分油田站场因伴生气量低造成的燃烧排放或无效放空的生产现状，研制了一种基于双U型管气液分离、气体过滤、阀前调压稳压和止回阀的组合式回收装置。对组合式回收装置进行了功能测试，并在17座站场现场应用，供气系统压力平稳，加热炉正常运行，实现了低气油比站场伴生气100%回收利用，有利于油田安全环保、节能减排与清洁生产。     

降低聚丙烯酰胺尾气氨含量的可行性研究

在聚丙烯酰胺生产过程中,利用硫酸吸收含氨的工艺尾气所产生的废液不具有利用价值。改进后的治理措施为:水解工艺尾气从塔底部经过循环被吸收液吸收,吸收液直接与含氨气体逆向接触,含氨污染物进入液相,被吸收液吸收、中和并从气体中除去,然后进入塔上部除雾段,除去气体中携带的雾沫,以确保气体净化效率。经除氨处理后的气体被加工成成品。该工艺可以减小处理气体量,并降低了处理难度。     

Assessment of the greenhouse effect impact of technologies used for energy recovery from municipal waste: A case for England

Waste management activities contribute to global greenhouse gas emissions approximately by 4%. In particular the disposal of waste in landfills generates methane that has high global warming potential. Effective mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions is important and could provide environmental benefits and sustainable development, as well as reduce adverse impacts on public health. The European and UK waste policy force sustainable waste management and especially diversion from landfill, through reduction, reuse, recycling and composting, and recovery of value from waste. Energy from waste is a waste management option that could provide diversion from landfill and at the same time save a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions, since it recovers energy from waste which usually replaces an equivalent amount of energy generated from fossil fuels. Energy from waste is a wide definition and includes technologies such as incineration of waste with energy recovery, or combustion of waste-derived fuels for energy production or advanced thermal treatment of waste with technologies such as gasification and pyrolysis, with energy recovery. The present study assessed the greenhouse gas emission impacts of three technologies that could be used for the treatment of Municipal Solid Waste in order to recover energy from it. These technologies are Mass Burn Incineration with energy recovery, Mechanical Biological Treatment via bio-drying and Mechanical Heat Treatment, which is a relatively new and uninvestigated method, compared to the other two. Mechanical Biological Treatment and Mechanical Heat Treatment can turn Municipal Solid Waste into Solid Recovered Fuel that could be combusted for energy production or replace other fuels in various industrial processes. The analysis showed that performance of these two technologies depends strongly on the final use of the produced fuel and they could produce GHG emissions savings only when there is end market for the fuel. On the other hand Mass Burn Incineration generates greenhouse gas emission savings when it recovers electricity and heat. Moreover the study found that the expected increase on the amount of Municipal Solid Waste treated for energy recovery in England by 2020 could save greenhouse gas emission, if certain Energy from Waste technologies would be applied, under certain conditions.     

Power generation with CO2 capture: Technology for CO2 purification

The goal of this paper is to find methodologies for removing a selection of impurities (H₂O, O₂, Ar, N₂, SO_x and NO_x) from CO₂ present in the flue gas of two oxy-combustion power plants fired with either natural gas (467 MW) or pulverized fuel (596 MW). The resulting purified stream, containing mainly CO₂, is assumed to be stored in an aquifer or utilized for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) purposes. Focus has been given to power cycle efficiency i.e.: work and heat requirements for the purification process, CO₂ purity and recovery factor (kg of CO₂ that is sent to storage per kg of CO₂ in the flue gas). Two different methodologies (here called Case I and Case II) for flue gas purification have been developed, both based on phase separation using simple flash units (Case I) or a distillation column (Case II). In both cases purified flue gas is liquefied and its pressure brought to 110 atm prior to storage.Case I: A simple flue gas separation takes place by means of two flash units integrated in the CO₂ compression process. Heat in the process is removed by evaporating the purified liquid CO₂ streams coming out from both flashes. Case I shows a good performance when dealing with flue gases with low concentration of impurities. CO₂ fraction after purification is over 96% with a CO₂ recovery factor of 96.2% for the NG-fired flue gas and 88.1% for the PF-fired flue gas. Impurities removal together with flue gas compression and liquefaction reduces power plant output of 4.8% for the NG-fired flue gas and 11.6% for the PF-fired flue gas. The total amount of work requirement per kg stored CO₂ is 453 kJ for the NG-fired flue gas and 586 kJ for the PF-fired flue gas.Case II: Impurities are removed from the flue gas in a distillation column. Two refrigeration loops (ethane and propane) have been used in order to partially liquefy the flue gas and for heat removal from a partial condenser. Case II can remove higher amounts of impurities than Case I. CO₂ purity prior to storage is over 99%; CO₂ recovery factor is somewhat lower than in Case I: 95.4% for the NG-fired flue gas and 86.9% for the PF-fired flue gas, reduction in the power plant output is similar to Case I.Due to the lower CO₂ recovery factor the total amount of work per kg stored CO₂ is somewhat higher for Case II: 457 kJ for the NG-fired flue gas and 603 kJ for the PF-fired flue gas.     

汽车排气污染影响因素分析

目前,汽车排气污染已成为城市空气污染的主要因素。江苏油田通过对汽车尾气的现场监测,以及尾气治理中的一些问题分析,总结出影响汽车尾气中污染物浓度的六大因素,并提出相应的解决措施。     

提高油田伴生气回收率的研究与应用

文章阐述了陆梁油田在开发过程中采用油气混输技术、天然气发电机橇技术、锅炉烧湿气等技术,将伴生气回收率提高至92.10%;油气混输技术能够实现边缘区块油气全密闭输送;集中处理站锅炉燃烧湿气技术可增加处理站天然气外输气量,降低运行成本;小型活动天然气发电机橇的应用,可以充分利用富裕天然气降低生产成本,同时减少富裕天然气火炬放空燃烧量,收到了良好的经济效益和环境效益。     

低压天然气回收再利用与节能环保

凝析油气藏在开采后期,由于地层压力自然递减加快,开采难度加大,而后期的工业及民用天然气需求量不断增加,导致凝析气藏产气量逐年缩减与天然用量逐步增多的矛盾日益明显。为缓解这一矛盾,考虑将不能输送的放空低压气进行技术增压,达到输送压力后,进入输送管道,从而增加天然气输送量,减少天然气放空对环境的污染。     

城市机动车尾气污染特征与防治对策

通过对平顶山市主要交通道口空气中NOx、CO、NO2 、Pb的调查 ,分析了城市机动车尾气污染的特征 ,并提出了减少与控制机动车尾气排放 ,改善城市大气环境质量的防治对策