东北小兴凯湖沉积物POPs污染特征及生态风险评价

采用GC-MS分析了小兴凯湖表层沉积物多环芳烃（PAHs）、有机氯农药（OCPs）和邻-苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）的污染特征,探讨了污染物的主要来源及生物毒性风险.结果表明：①小兴凯湖沉积物中PAHs含量范围在82.1~534.6 ng·g^-1之间,西北湖区含量较高.沉积物中OCPs和PAEs含量范围分别在4.8~50.4 ng·g^-1和33.3~401.6 ng·g^-1之间,东南湖区含量较高;②沉积物中PAHs以3~5环化合物为主（占85%以上）,主要为燃烧源,其中煤和薪柴燃烧贡献47%,汽油和柴油燃烧贡献39%,石油产品泄漏贡献14%.OCPs以六氯环己烷（HCH）为主（占78%）,主要来源于新的林丹的使用和少量工业HCHs的输入.PAEs以邻-苯二甲酸二正丁酯（DBP）和邻-苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己）酯（DEHP）为主（占94%）,生活垃圾和工农业生产为其主要来源;③小兴凯湖沉积物中PAHs、OCPs和PAEs在东北地区处于低水平污染,相比于国内其他地区的湖泊河流,总体处于低污染水平,目前无生态风险,但部分点位OCPs具有中度生态风险.     

基于GIS和PMF模型的石嘴山市土壤多环芳烃空间分布及来源解析

随着城市化和工业化进程加速,城市土壤多环芳烃（PAHs）含量及污染状况受到广泛关注.以石嘴山市为例,分析8个城市功能区156个表层土壤（0~20 cm）样品PAHs含量的空间分布特征,运用单因子指数、内梅罗综合指数和终生癌症风险增量模型评价土壤PAHs污染状况,利用正定矩阵因子分解模型（PMF）对PAHs来源进行解析.结果表明,石嘴山市表层土壤PAHs总含量均值为489.82 ng·g^-1,除芘（Pyr）外的15种PAH单体变异系数均大于100%,属强变异;不同功能区土壤PAHs含量呈现出：交通区（1217.61 ng·g^-1） > 工业区（809.58 ng·g^-1） > 公园（273.66 ng·g^-1） > 文教区（268.18 ng·g^-1） > 商业区（240.05 ng·g^-1） > 农业区（226.81 ng·g^-1） > 医疗区（211.90 ng·g^-1） > 居民区（183.49 ng·g^-1）;内梅罗综合指数显示82.58%的样点不存在污染,轻微、轻度和中度污染占比分别为6.45%、4.52%和0.65%,5.8%的样点存在重度污染;健康风险评价结果表明,皮肤接触和误食是最主要的土壤PAHs暴露途径,其健康风险处于可接受水平;源解析表明石嘴山市土壤PAHs的主要来源为交通排放源、煤炭燃烧源、生物质/重油燃烧的混合源以及石油源,其贡献率分别为10.5%、36.6%、50.3%和2.6%,且高值大多分布在工业或煤炭生产区域.研究结果可为工业城市土壤污染研究提供参考,并对预防土壤污染、保障土壤环境质量及人体健康安全有积极作用.     

黄渤海气溶胶中砷的分布特征和季节变化

于2017~2018年冬、春和夏季,在黄渤海海域走航采样,采集总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）样品,分析总砷（As）、As （Ⅴ）、As （Ⅲ）以及水溶性离子,讨论了As在黄渤海气溶胶中浓度、空间分布以及季节变化,估算了As的干沉降通量.气溶胶中As含量冬季（6.6 ng·m^-3） > 夏季（5.5 ng·m^-3） > 春季（4.4 ng·m^-3）,渤海和北黄海远大于南黄海.冬、夏季As（Ⅲ）/As（Ⅴ）比值分别为0.41和0.21.冬、春和夏季As/TSP平均值分别为95.4、83.9和81.4 μg·g^-1,冬季明显高于春季和夏季.冬季在冬季风主导下,携带了环渤海地区排放的污染物导致砷含量最高,夏季受东南季风携带的东部沿海地区污染物的影响也较大,而春季受西伯利亚陆地气团和东南远海海洋性气团的共同影响,浓度最小.冬季K⁺/TSP与As/TSP存在显著正相关（r=0.78,P<0.05）,说明受陆地生物质燃烧排放的As的影响明显,而夏季两者相关性不显著,说明来源不同.冬、春和夏季黄渤海大气气溶胶As的干沉降通量分别为1.15、0.77和0.97 μg·（m²·d）^-1,年平均为0.95 μg·（m²·d）^-1.     

典型药物在医院废水和城市污水处理厂中的污染特征及去除情况

本研究采用固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联三重四级杆质谱仪监测了17种苯二氮类药物、14种酸性药物和5种中性药物在广东省广州市的4座医院污水处理系统（H1~H4）和3座城市污水处理厂（W1~W3）中的污染特征.结果表明,在医院污水处理系统中检测到10种苯二氮类药物、8种酸性药物和3种中性药物,进出水中的浓度范围分别为0.41~23376 ng·L^-1和0.11~22888 ng·L^-1;在城市污水处理厂中检测到8种苯二氮类药物、8种酸性药物和4种中性药物,进出水中的浓度范围分别为0.4~1695 ng·L^-1和0.1~1526 ng·L^-1.其中,检测到浓度较高的苯二氮类药物分别为劳拉西泮［（53.1±2.7）ng·L^-1,H1］、奥沙西泮［（39.5±4.1）ng·L^-1,W2］和氯氮平［（30.6±4.0）ng·L^-1,W1］,布洛芬［（19014±5430）ng·L^-1,H1］和扑热息痛［（2600±570）ng·L^-1,H2］分别是酸性和中性药物中检测浓度最高的药物.大部分苯二氮类药物在医院污水处理系统和污水处理厂中的去除率均低于30%.酸性和中性药物的去除率远高于苯二氮类药物,且在污水处理厂中的去除率大部分在60%~99%之间,高于医院污水处理系统（10%~60%）.最后,根据人均污染负荷推算了典型药物在广东省和广州市的使用量以及广州市的年排放量,20种药物在广东省和广州市的总使用量分别为30371 kg·a^-1和3942 kg·a^-1,其中扑热息痛和布洛芬的使用量最高,苯二氮类药物中奥沙西泮和劳拉西泮也有较高的使用量.20种药物在广州市的排放量达到了1456 g·a^-1,各类药物的排放量范围为3.07（甲芬那酸）~378 g·a^-1（奥沙西泮）.     

不同植物覆盖下黄河三角洲湿地土壤中微塑料的分布

为揭示黄河三角洲湿地地区土壤中微塑料分布与植物覆盖的相关性,选择低盐优势物种芦苇（Phragmites communis）和高盐优势物种盐地碱蓬（Suaeda salsa）为研究对象,探讨其生长土壤共计16个样点中微塑料的分布特征.结果表明,该地区植物覆盖土壤中微塑料丰度范围为80~4640 n·kg^-1,粒径范围为13 μm~5 mm,大粒径微塑料成分主要有聚乙烯（PE）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）和聚苯乙烯（PS）,其中PET含量为0.22~1.16 μg·kg^-1.芦苇相对盐地碱蓬对土壤中微塑料有更大的阻隔.芦苇生长点位上土壤微塑料丰度和PET含量均值分别为1423 n·kg^-1和0.62 μg·kg^-1,以50 μm以下粒径的小颗粒为主;盐地碱蓬生长点位上土壤微塑料丰度均值和PET含量分别为584 n·kg^-1和0.33 μg·kg^-1,以100~1000 μm粒径的碎片和纤维为主.微塑料丰度与植物生长状况具有显著相关性（P=0.001）.因此,同一区域不同植物覆盖下土壤中微塑料的分布可能会存在空间差异.     

2017年秋季长春市PM2.5中多环芳烃的污染来源及健康风险评价

本研究采集了长春市2017年秋季大气中的PM_2.5样品共30个,采用气相色谱质谱仪（GC-MS）分析了样品中17种多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs）的浓度和组成特征,运用比值法和主成分分析法确定PAHs的污染来源,并通过计算苯并（a）芘等效致癌浓度和终身致癌超额危险度进行健康风险评估.结果表明,长春市秋季PM_2.5平均质量浓度为（50.84±12.23）μg·m^-3,有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）含量分别为（17.07±5.64）μg·m^-3和（1.33±0.75）μg·m^-3,占PM_2.5总量的37%;PAHs总浓度为（15.69±5.93）ng·m^-3,以中高环数的PAHs为主,占总PAHs的84.26%;长春市秋季大气中PAHs主要来源于机动车尾气排放（44.48%） > 煤燃烧（29.16%） > 生物质燃烧（26.36%）,本地交通（汽油车）排放是主要污染源;苯并（a）芘等效致癌平均浓度在1.55~5.38 ng·m^-3之间,总致癌等效平均浓度为（6.44±1.53）ng·m^-3,总体处于轻微污染水平;通过呼吸摄入PAHs对成年女性健康危害最大,其次是成年男性和儿童,但所有人群的终身致癌风险值均未超过1×10^-6,其健康风险处于可接受水平.     

偏远高山湿地土壤中PAHs污染特征:以神农架大九湖为例

于2012年4月沿大九湖湿地平均分布10个采样点,各采集0~10、10~20以及20~30 cm浅层土壤,采用GC-MS对大九湖湿地浅层土壤中USEPA 16种优控多环芳烃（PAHs）进行分析,对其分布、组成、来源进行了详细的讨论,并对高山湿地PAHs污染标志物进行了浅析.结果表明,研究区0~10、10~20、20~30cm浅层土壤中∑₁₆PAHs含量分别为48.55~984.73、14.36~806.47、12.84~1191.53 ng·g^-1,均值分别为302.94、142.98、208.68 ng·g^-1;7种致癌单体多环芳烃含量范围分别为21.20~844.29、2.96~592.06、0.66~964.70 ng·g^-1,均值分别为197.25、93.16、147.16 ng·g^-1,分别占总PAHs的65.12%、65.13%、69.08%;泥炭区PAHs含量明显高于非泥炭区,且已达到重度污染程度;PAHs组成以4、5、6环为主;结合IcdP/（IcdP+BghiP）及Pyr/BaP比值分析,推测大九湖湿地浅层土壤中PAHs主要来源于化石燃料及木材的燃烧,近年来旅游车辆的进入对PAHs的贡献较大;对浅层土壤中各单体PAH与PAHs总含量进行回归分析表明、苯并（b）荧蒽、茚（1,2,3cd）并芘、苯并（a）蒽作为泥炭地PAHs标志性化合物,用来评价PAHs的污染程度.     

经济快速发展区六氯丁二烯的来源与分布特征

为解析长三角、京津冀和珠三角地区六氯丁二烯（HCBD）来源及分布特征,基于三大区域氯代烃生产水平及废水排放情况对三大区域HCBD排放来源及其在水体和土壤中的分布情况开展研究.结果表明,三氯乙烯（TCE）和四氯乙烯（PCE）生产副产物以及污水处理厂污水污泥排放成为三大区域HCBD主要来源.2018年三大区域中来自TCE和PCE生产副产物的HCBD总排放量为498.46 t,其中来自TCE生产副产物的占比为66.9%.三大区域工业及生活污水处理厂HCBD排放量分别为628.9 kg和254.6 kg.长三角地区氯代烃生产及污水处理厂HCBD排放量显著较高,分别为497.8 t和648 kg,而京津冀地区两类源排放量为0.37 t和125 kg,珠三角地区为0.29 t和110.3 kg.长三角、京津冀和珠三角地区自然水体中HCBD平均质量浓度分别为0.35、0.25和0.64 μg·L^-1,饮用水中HCBD平均质量浓度为0.16、0.09和0.04 μg·L^-1.城市饮用水中HCBD的整体水平较低.工业土壤中HCBD含量显著高于农田土壤,含量分别为9.3~24.6 ng·g^-1和0.13~2.67 ng·g^-1.与水体中HCBD污染情况相同,长三角地区土壤中HCBD污染最为严重,这与长三角地区HCBD排放量显著高于京津冀和珠三角地区相关,亟需引起重视.     

湛江湾沉积物中六六六(HCHs)、滴滴涕(DDTs)有机氯农药的分布特征与风险评估

从湛江湾的遂溪河入海口至其与南海相交的湾口采集了16个表层沉积物样品,采用气相色谱-质谱分析方法检测了沉积物中的有机氯农药（HCHs、DDTs）,旨在探讨其分布与风险特征.结果表明,湛江湾表层沉积物中OCPs的含量为nd~189.52 ng·g^-1,平均值为32.17 ng·g^-1,其中六六六（HCHs）与滴滴涕（DDTs）的含量平均值分别为5.81 ng·g^-1和26.90 ng·g^-1.总体分布特征表现为湾区的河流入海口和主航道区具有较高的OCPs,近岸区含量高于离岸区域.对其来源进行分析发现,HCHs的输入以农业为主,工业输入影响不明显,DDTs在港口航道区域呈现高值"热点"区,可能存在防污漆的输入.另外风险评估值显示湛江海湾表层沉积物中DDTs存在一定的不利生物效应影响风险.总体上,湛江湾的有机氯农药污染状况相比国内其他海湾属中等偏上,尤其是港口和船舶维修区域可能存在较高的有机氯农药输入,存在一定的生态风险,需要引起重视和进一步的研究.     

上海市地表灰尘中PAHs季节变化与功能区差异

研究了上海市中心城区地表灰尘中多环芳烃（PAHs）的季节变化与功能区差异,并探讨了这种变化特征的原因.结果表明,上海市中心城区地表灰尘中PAHs累积水平具有显著的季节变化,PAHs总量和组分均表现出冬季含量高于夏季的特征.冬季样品中PAHs含量为9 176～32?573 ng·g^-1,平均值为20 648 ng·g^-1;而夏季PAHs含量为6?875～27?766 ng·g^-1,平均值仅为14?098 ng·g^-1.PAHs组分也表现出相似特征,冬季含量为50(二氢苊)～3 162 ng·g^-1 (茚并［1,2,3-c,d ］芘),夏季含量为3(苊)～1 485 ng·g^-1 (茚并［1,2,3-c,d ］芘).各个功能区地表灰尘PAHs含量的差异明显.冬季最高值出现在工业区（31 163 ng·g^-1）、商业区（24 932 ng·g^-1）和交通要道（18 815 ng·g^-1）,最低值出现在公园（7 885 ng·g^-1）和绿地（8 036 ng·g^-1）;夏季最低值出现在公园（7 942 ng·g^-1）,最高值出现在交通要道（14 528 ng·g^-1）、工业区（14 247 ng·g^-1）和商业区（11 523 ng·g^-1）.所有功能区样品中PAHs组分含量呈现出按环数或分子量的增加而逐渐升高的趋势.大城市地表灰尘中PAHs的季节变化与功能区差异与其来源密切相关,也受到各组分理化性质的影响.     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.