高效液相色谱在环境监测中的应用

高效液相色谱法是一种定性、定量分析方法,具有测定结果准确可靠、灵敏度高、重现性好等特点,在环境监测中应用广泛。阐述了高效液相色谱法在大气监测、水资源监测和土壤监测中的应用。     

苯并[a]芘分析方法进展

一、液相色谱法和高效液相色谱法 HPLC技术近年发展较快,提供了测定PAHs的有力工具。以紫外和荧光作为HPLC的检测器,很适合于PAHs的测定。Y.Kamada等分析大气飘尘颗粒物时,以超声波萃     

离子色谱法在环境监测中的应用

一、概述 1975年美国Dow chemical公司Small等报导了用自动电导检测的离子交换色谱法,首次实现了阴、阳离子和有机阴离子的分离及检测。随着高效液相色谱技术的引入,又促进了它的发展,所以人们也将离子色谱法称为液相色谱技术的分支。尽管如此,由于离子色谱法具有独特的发展过程,因而离子色谱法仍然作为色谱技术的重要分支而存在。     

高效液相色谱法测定水中的土霉素、金霉素、四环素残留

四环素类抗生素是常用鱼药中一类，本文应用HLB小柱萃取水样，高效液相色谱法测定三种四环素类抗生素，检出限和回收率都能满足要求。     

在离子色谱法中用碳^18小柱预处理有机污染水样

在离子色谱法中用碳~(１８)小柱预处理有机污染水样薛光璞，牛星梅(南京市环境监测中心站２１００１３)离子色谱法测定无机阴离子快速、准确、特异性好，在环境监测中得到广泛应用。但河流、湖泊受到有机化工废水污染后，地表水中含的有机污染物对该方法的测定干扰很大，...     

第三章 色谱分析法及与其它仪器法组合用于分析环境污染物质

前言 上一章主要叙述了气相色谱法和薄层色谱法等的应用情况,以及刚进行限制的三氯乙烯及其类似的化合物,河流中存在的三卤代甲烷,造成全球范围问题的氟里昂气体类及其它金属有机化合物、被美国国家环保局(EPA)作为问题的丙烯腈等的分析方法及相应的预处理方法。本章主要叙述色谱分析法与原子吸收法、质谱分析法的联用;除环境污染物质中备受人     

质谱及其联用技术在水中消毒副产物识别和分析中的应用

水中消毒副产物(DBPs)是在水消毒过程中消毒剂与水中溶解性有机物以及无机离子发生反应而产生,其对水环境生态安全和人体健康有不利影响。简述了DBPs的生成、种类、毒性和分析方法等,重点综述了气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)、液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)、离子色谱-质谱联用(IC-MS)以及超高分辨率质谱(UPMS)等质谱(MS)及其联用技术在水中DBPs识别和分析中的应用,分析了不同MS技术的特点和应用实例,提出了MS技术在DBPs研究领域的发展方向与挑战。     

使用常规HPLC系统,应用U.S.EPA方法300.0进行离子色谱法检测无机阴离子

使用常规ＨＰＬＣ系统，应用ＵＳＥＰＡ方法３０００进行离子色谱法检测无机阴离子①ＬａｋｓｈｍｙＭ．ＮａｉｒａｎｄＲａａｉｄａｈＳａａｒｉＮｏｒｄｈａｕｓＵＳＥＰＡ公布了几个法规性方法，为污染物的分析提供了权威性的检测程序，其中之一是ＵＳ?..     

液相色谱法

15.1液相色谱法的发展:所谓液相色谱法,是20世纪初,根据Tswett体系作为“色谱法”的雏型,采用液体为流动相的色谱法的总称。其种类繁多正如本书第13章第1节中所述。然而,其中最基本的是于圆筒中填充吸附剂后将其直立,溶剂流过圆筒,使试样展开的柱式色谱法。此时,为了提高由溶剂载体本身的重力驱动的分离性能,可将柱加长或者使用粒度很小的填充剂,结果都会使流速明显变小。其缺点是,用于实际分析时所需时间太长,例如要完成一次氨基酸分析往往需要10小时以上。因此,采用其它方法研制了氨基的分析仪,与其它分析相比较,仅用于试样前处理,分离和精制。     

2,4-二硝基苯肼衍生高效液相色谱法测定水中乙醛、丙烯醛

采用2,4-二硝基苯肼高效液相色谱法测定水中乙醛、丙烯醛,方法干扰少,精密度高,检出限达到1μg/L。     

Isolation of Humic and Non-Humic NOM Fractions: Structural Characterization

The combination of RO concentration and XAD-8/XAD-4 resin adsorption techniques was used to isolate the different constituents of the Natural Organic Matter (NOM) from inorganic salts. NOM fractions i.e. colloids, hydrophobic NOM (HPO humic substances), transphilic NOM (TPI) and hydrophilic NOM (HPI) fractions isolated from different surface waters were characterized using 13C NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy and HPLC/Size Exclusion Chromatography coupled with UV and DOC detection. Results showed that the isolation procedure was suitable to quantitatively isolate the different fractions of NOM.     

Retrospective monitoring: A review

The development of chronological reference points to which present levels of inorganic pollutants can be compared is increasingly needed. This review is directed toward biological samples which are datable and have been characterized for one or more elements.     

Determination of arsenic species in fish, crustacean and sediment samples from Thailand using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

Suitable techniques have been developed for the extraction of arsenic species in a variety of biological and environmental samples from the Pak Pa-Nang Estuary and catchment, located in Southern Thailand, and for their determination using HPLC directly coupled with ICP-MS. The estuary catchment comprises a tin mining area and inhabitants of the region can suffer from various stages of arsenic poisoning. The important arsenic species, AsB, DMA, MMA, and inorganic arsenic (As III and V) have been determined in fish and crustacean samples to provide toxicological information on those fauna which contribute to the local diet. A Hamilton PRP-X100 anion-exchange HPLC system employing a step elution has been used successfully to achieve separation of the arsenic species. A nitric acid microwave digestion procedure, followed by carrier gas nitrogen addition- (N2)-ICP-MS analysis was used to measure total arsenic in sample digests and extracts. The arsenic speciation of the biological samples was preserved using a Trypsin enzymatic extraction procedure. Extraction efficiencies were high, with values of 82-102%(As) for fish and crustacean samples. Validation for these procedures was carried out using certified reference materials. Fish and crustacean samples from the Pak Pa-Nang Estuary showed a range for total arsenic concentration, up to 17 microg g(-1) dry mass. The major species of arsenic in all fauna samples taken was AsB, together with smaller quantities of DMA and, more importantly, inorganic As. For sediment samples, arsenic species were determined following phosphoric acid (1 M H3PO4) extraction in an open focused microwave system. A phosphate-based eluant, pH 6-7.5, with anion exchange HPLC coupled with ICP-MS was used for separation and detection of AsIII, AsV, MMA and DMA. The optimum conditions, identified using an estuarine sediment reference material (LGC), were achieved using 45 W power and a 20 minute heating period for extraction of 0.5 g sediment. The stability and recovery of arsenic species under the extraction conditions were also determined by a spiking procedure which included the estuarine sediment reference material. The results show good stability for all species after extraction with a variability of less than 10%. Total concentrations of arsenic in the sediments from the Pak Pa-Nang river catchment and the estuary covered the ranges 7-269 microg g(-1)and 4-20 [micro sign]g g(-1)(dry weight), respectively. AsV was the major species found in all the sediment samples with smaller quantities of AsIII. The presence of the more toxic inorganic forms of arsenic in both sediments and biota samples has implications for human health, particularly as they are readily 'available'.     

The accumulation and effects of environmental contaminants on snakes: a review

In any ecological risk assessment, afull complement of the relevant members of theecosystems being studied should be considered. Reptiles in general, and snakes in particular, areimportant although often neglected components ofterrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and should beincluded in any study on environmental contamination. By neglecting reptiles, the risks posed by aparticular contaminant cannot be fully assessed. Since all snakes are secondary, tertiary, and toppredators, they are susceptible to the bioaccumulationof environmental contaminants. Their unique lifehistories make their roles in food webs diverse andimportant, and they are crucial to the properfunctioning of many ecological processes. We reviewand summarize organic and inorganic contaminant andradionuclide/radiation residue and lethal andsublethal effects data for snakes to stress theimportance of snakes and encourage their inclusion inecological risk assessments, to demonstrate thepaucity of available contaminant data on snakes andreveal the main information gaps, to encourage furtherecotoxicological studies on snakes, and to facilitatethe use of existing snake contaminant data inecological risk assessments. This review is the mostcomprehensive review currently available on theeffects on and accumulation of environmentalcontaminants in snakes.     

渤海环流对近岸海域无机氮分布特征的影响

基于2017年渤海近岸海域无机氮监测数据和HYCOM数值模拟结果,分析了渤海环流对无机氮污染分布特征的影响,结果表明渤海无机氮的空间分布特征与其环流结构密切相关:受渤海环流的影响,在春、夏、秋季,无机氮含量高值区呈现不同的强度和范围；在辽东湾,与春季相比,夏季环流结构与春季相反、速度大于春季,盘锦、营口近岸海域夏季无机氮污染范围缩小、含量降低,在锦州近岸海域亦出现高值；在渤海湾、莱州湾,与春季相比,夏季和秋季无机氮含量高值区范围缩小,无机氮含量等值线均随环流向高值中心扩展。     

Availability and Assessment of Fixing Additives for The in Situ Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils: A Review

The use of low-cost and environmental safety amendments for the in situ immobilization of heavy metals has been investigated as a promising method for contaminated soil remediation. Natural materials and waste products from certain industries with high captive capacity of heavy metals can be obtained and employed. Reduction of extractable metal concentration and phytotoxicity could be evaluated and demonstrated by the feasibility of various amendments in fixing remediation. In this review, an extensive list of references has been compiled to provide a summary of information on a wide range of potentially amendment resources, including organic, inorganic and combined organic-inorganic materials. The assessment based on the economic efficiency and environmental risks brought forth the potential application values and future development directions of this method on solving the soil contamination.     

离子色谱法测定水中主要阳离子

报导了水中阳离子Ｌｉ＾＋，Ｎａ＾＋，Ｋ＾＋，Ｃａ＾２＋〉Ｍｇ＾２＋的离子色谱分析及其分析精密度，准确性和线性范围。与阴离子组分同时测定用于水中离子总量的分析，获得满意结果。     

HPLC-ICP/MS联用测定废水中甲基汞和无机汞

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP/MS)联用测定废水中可滤态的甲基汞和无机汞,优化了仪器工作条件,讨论了方法干扰及校正办法。甲基汞和无机汞在0.500μg/L~25.0μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限分别为0.03μg/L和0.07μg/L,废水样品平行测定的RSD分别为6.5%~7.6%和6.2%~6.8%,加标回收率分别为84.0%~87.0%和88.0%~92.4%。     

Total and inorganic arsenic in dietary supplement supplies in northern Mexico

The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of total and inorganic arsenic in dietary supplements composed of herbal plants and seaweed, and to determine the potential toxicological risk. Total arsenic was determined by dry ashing and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry, and inorganic arsenic was determined by acid digestion, solvent extraction, and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. Total and inorganic arsenic in the supplements ranged from 0.07 to 8.31 mg?kg^?1 dry weight and from 0.14 to 0.28 mg?kg^?1 dry weight, respectively. Daily intake of total arsenic ranged from 0.05 to 12.46 μg?day^?1. Inorganic arsenic intake ranged from 0.21 to 0.83 μg?day^?1, values that are below the Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit recommended by the Word Health Organization. Therefore, there appears to be a low risk of adverse effects resulting from excess inorganic arsenic intake from these supplements. This is the first study conducted in Mexico that investigates total and inorganic arsenic in dietary supplements. Although the results do not suggest toxicological risk, it is nonetheless important considering the toxicity of inorganic arsenic and the increasing number consumer preferences for dietary supplements. Moreover, it is important to improve and ensure the safety of dietary supplements containing inorganic arsenic.