城市生活垃圾可生物降解有机质成分的测定

卫生填埋是我国现阶段最主要的城市生活垃圾处理方式,定量分析城市生活垃圾可生物降解有机质成分对于研究填埋垃圾的厌氧降解过程具有重要意义.通过一系列常规化学试验,利用抽提差重法、比色法及灼烧差重法,依次测定了垃圾中含水率,挥发分与灰分,脂肪类,易水解物与半纤维素,腐植酸,难水解物、不水解物与纤维素,木质素与固体残渣等成分,为入场垃圾可生化性评价及降解过程中固相成分变化的动态监测提供了一种简便快速的测定方法.     

生活垃圾焚烧炉烟尘、金属元素项目采样测试方法探讨

一直以来,生活垃圾焚烧炉烟尘项目监测和金属元素颗粒物项目监测,样品的采集都是分开进行的,而且样品分析时,各金属元素样品也是分别消解,这样操作不但花费时间长,而且还浪费滤筒、试剂等资源.     

江苏省2010年排污收费额突破20亿元

新年伊始,从江苏省财政厅国库处获悉,江苏省2010年度排污费征收解缴入库额达20.95亿元,比上年18.97亿元增收10.4%,上缴中央财政2.1亿元,环保部门征收额连续十年名列全国第一。其中9个市入库额超亿元：苏州3.5亿,南京3.1亿,无锡2.3亿,徐州1.8亿,南通1.6亿,常州1.4亿,扬州1.3亿,泰州1.2亿,镇江1.1亿。     

顶空气相色谱法测定水中丙烯腈的研究

建立了水中丙烯腈的顶空气相色谱测定法,对水中的丙烯腈进行顶空提取后,采用HP-INNOWAX色谱柱分离,用气相色谱FID检测器进行分析,以保留时间定性,外标法定量。结果表明,在0.024~2.400mg/L线性范围内,其线性方程为Y=69.56X-0.3123,相关系数为0.9997,检出限为0.020mg/L;对自来水和水源水水样进行加标回收试验,相对标准偏差为1.24%~2.99%,平均回收率为101%~105%。该方法操作简便、出峰快、灵敏度高,具有良好的准确度和精密度,适用于饮用水及其水源水的检测。     

再生铅企业土壤-地下水中重金属污染迁移特征

为了解某再生铅企业厂区土壤和浅层地下水重金属污染状况,采集了96个土壤样品和4个地下水样品,定量分析了其Pb,Cd,As的含量及空间分布特征,探讨企业生产对环境造成的影响。结果表明,该区域土壤中Cd、As、Pb超标率分别为67.0%,35.1%,11.7%,在厂区呈现局部富集现象,最大值是土壤背景值的几十倍乃至数千倍;在垂直方向上由于Pb,Cd,As在土壤中迁移率较低,其值随深度增加呈总体下降趋势;该区域地下水中Pb,Cd,As值远低于地下水质量标准值。     

国外如何处理地沟油

人民日报海外版消息7月中旬,2 000 t产自上海的地沟油将被荷兰航空加工成航空生物煤油,供飞机使用。据悉,荷兰人吃油不多,地沟油原料不足,他们一年对地沟油的需求量为12万t。而今年6月,荷兰航空的"废弃油"航班已开始执飞洲际航线。荷兰人的创举令人大开眼界,无数公众期待中国地沟油也能"上天"。据了解,这一技术问题,在中国并不是太大问题,相关专家也早就提出将中国地沟油加工成航空用油的建议。而且,地沟油还可以用来加工成生物柴油,这在中国有更大的     

走和谐发展的生态文明之路

高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,坚持以人为本,全面、协调、可持续发展,统筹人与人、人与自然关系,走具有中国特色生态文明的现代化道路,是实现全面建设小康社会宏伟目标的必然选择.     

应用地理信息系统进行垃圾填埋场选址的初步研究

在ArcGIS 8.3软件空间分析模块(spatial analysis)支持下,以江苏省长江以南市辖区为研究对象,进行了空间叠加和空间复合查询分析,以确定垃圾填埋场候选区域分布,并同已有的垃圾填埋场监测点进行比较,结果表明,利用地理信息系统技术进行垃圾填埋场辅助分析是可行的.     

公布空气质量报告 市民更加关注环境

南京市环境监测中心站在全国率先开展空气质量周报,之后又开展了空气质量日报,向市民公布空气质量状况,使环境监测成果走向社会,服务于百姓,增强了全社会的环境保护意识,提高了市民关心环境,保护环境的自觉性,并推动了空气污染防治工作,促进了环境监测工作,体现了     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定汾河沉积物中的总汞

采用两种不同的消解方法对汾河沉积物中的总汞进行分析,结果表明,王水水浴加热消解法对总汞的消解程度完全而且测定结果比较稳定.探讨了还原剂浓度、栽流浓度以及仪器条件等主要因素对测定的影响,选择了最佳实验条件,检出限为0.0074ng/ml,加标回收率在84%～117%之间.标准参考样品测定结果表明,该方法准确可靠,精度好.     

浅析克孜勒苏州草地退化状况

利用3S技术,对克孜勒苏州草地资源现状进行了调查.通过现场实地调查与历史资料比对,查清草地的退化现状及其原因,并提出相应解决草地退化问题的途径.     

The trophic status of Suwałki Landscape Park lakes based on selected parameters (NE Poland)

This study describes changes in the trophic status of 12 lakes within Suwa?ki Landscape Park (SLP). All of the trophic classifications of the lakes were based on the trophic continuum division. Trophic status was determined by means of multiparameter indices using several diverse criteria. In this study, the assessment of the trophic status of lakes included water quality; abundance and biomass of bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, and zooplankton; and primary production of phytoplankton. The Carlson trophic state index (TSI) describes the level of water fertility and indicated the dominance of moderately eutrophic waters. Lakes Perty, Jeglówek, and Hańcza have a trophic status that indicates mesotrophy (TSI <50). The trophic status of the studied lakes was determined based on the bacterial abundance and clearly showed a lack of oligotrophic lakes in SLP. Based on the number of bacteria, only Lake Szurpi?y can be classified as β-mesotrophic, whereas Lake Linówek can be characterized as hypertrophic with some features typical for humic waters. The greatest value of gross primary production was observed in Lake Linówek (126.4 mg C/m³/h). The phytoplankton trophy index varied from 1.59 to 2.28, and its highest value, which indicated eutrophy, was determined for Lake Udziejek. In the case of Lakes Hańcza, Szurpi?y, Perty, Jeglówek, and Kojle, the index ranged from 1.25 to 1.74, which indicated mesotrophy. The majority of the lakes were classified as mesoeutrophic (1.75–2.24). The highest trophic status was assessed for lakes with a marked dominance of cyanobacteria (Lake Przechodnie, Lake Krajwelek, Lake Udziejek, and Lake Pogorza?ek), which is commonly recognized as an indicator of high trophic status. Considering all of the indices of trophic status, the analysis of rotifer community structure indicates that the studied group of lakes is mesoeutrophic or eutrophic. The values of crustacean zooplankton indices indicated that the trophic status of the studied lakes was close to that determined using a TSI. The parameters of zooplankton abundance and species structure allowed for the observance of changes in the tropic levels of lakes, which are difficult to detect by a chemical assay alone.     

北京市水生态监测评价方法构建及应用

根据北京市多年水生态监测的经验，确立了典型地表水体水生态监测的水文地貌、理化指标和生物要素。其中，生物要素评价因子主要包括浮游植物、浮游动物和底栖动物。并依据2014年监测结果进行了分析评价，将水生态状态等级分为5级。评价结果表明：北京市典型地表水体水生态状态综合评价结果中处于"中等"级别的监测断面数量为7个，占监测总数的41.2%，生物要素对最终评价结果影响略大。     

滇池草海综合整治的生物学评价

就滇池草海综合整治对草海水生生态的变化进行分析研究。分析结果表明 ,滇池草海经综合整治特别是经过底泥疏浚后 ,草海水体及生态环境发生了变化 ,水生生物物种的演变趋势正向良性方向发展。     

奎屯市大气降水现状分析及评价

为了解奎屯市大气降水状况及主要污染物,奎屯市监测站于2002年对大气降水进行了为期一年的酸雨监测。本文根据监测结果,介绍了奎屯市酸雨现状,对其成因进行了分析,并提出防治酸雨污染的可行性建议。     

Fusing probability density function into Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence for the evaluation of water treatment plant

The evaluation of the status of a municipal drinking water treatment plant (WTP) is important. The evaluation depends on several factors, including, human health risks from disinfection by-products (R), disinfection performance (D), and cost (C) of water production and distribution. The Dempster–Shafer theory (DST) of evidence can combine the individual status with respect to R, D, and C to generate a new indicator, from which the overall status of a WTP can be evaluated. In the DST, the ranges of different factors affecting the overall status are divided into several segments. The basic probability assignments (BPA) for each segment of these factors are provided by multiple experts, which are then combined to obtain the overall status. In assigning the BPA, the experts use their individual judgments, which can impart subjective biases in the overall evaluation. In this research, an approach has been introduced to avoid the assignment of subjective BPA. The factors contributing to the overall status were characterized using the probability density functions (PDF). The cumulative probabilities for different segments of these factors were determined from the cumulative density function, which were then assigned as the BPA for these factors. A case study is presented to demonstrate the application of PDF in DST to evaluate a WTP, leading to the selection of the required level of upgradation for the WTP.     

中国大气超级站发展与展望：基于问卷调研的统计研究

大气环境综合观测研究站(简称大气超级站)是开展大气环境污染综合立体观测、进行大气重污染过程污染特征动态表征、深入分析大气污染成因的重要平台。了解中国当前不同地区大气超级站的建设和应用现状、存在的问题及发展需求,有利于科学指导和规范中国大气超级站的设计、建设、运维和应用,提高其在大气重污染过程应急管控和空气质量改善中的技术支撑能力。研究通过对国内60余个大气超级站进行问卷调研,综述了中国目前大气超级站的现状,并基于统计分析结果,对中国大气超级站发展提出建议。     

基于灰色聚类方法的湖泊营养状态综合评价

将湖泊水体的营养状态看作一个灰色系统，建立用于识别湖泊营养状态属性的灰色聚类综合评价模型，将水质级别作为一个灰类，水质状态作为灰色变量，根据灰色白化权函数聚类方法来确定水体营养状况归类。以太湖为例，基于分布全湖的20个监测点数据，运用灰色聚类法对其进行富营养状态综合评价，结果表明，监测时段太湖大部分水体基本处于中营养水平，局部湖面达到中度富营养状态，客观地反映了太湖湖区水体营养状况。     

乌鲁木齐市室内环境空气污染成因及防治对策

为进一步掌握室内环境空气污染状况，对乌鲁木齐市毛坯房、公共场所和居民住宅的室内环境空气质量现状进行了监测统计，并调查了居民的健康状况，分析了室内空气污染的原因。监测结果表明，乌鲁木齐市新装修房屋室内环境污染较严重。对此提出了不同污染状况的防治对策。