兰州市大气污染对绿化树种叶绿素含量的影响

为了筛选出兰州市大气污染的抗性树种和敏感监测树种,对树种的叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量进行了测定,运用spss11.5软件分析。研究发现:同一绿化树种在不同功能区的叶绿素含量不同,存在极显著性的差异。随着功能区污染程度的加深,绿化树种的叶绿素含量(ωa、ωb、ωa+ωb)呈现减小的趋势,但叶绿素ωa/ωb值却呈现增大的趋势。绿化树种抗污染能力为:杨树小叶黄杨椿树国槐圆柏,兰州市主要功能区的污染程度为:兰炼厂区兰化厂区橡胶厂西关西站交大兴隆山。     

用树叶树皮含硫量监测和评价乌鲁木齐市大气SO_2污染研究通过鉴定

由乌鲁木齐市环境科研监测中心站历时两年完成的"用树叶树皮含硫量监测和评价乌鲁木齐市大气SO2污染研究"课题,4月17日在乌鲁木齐市通过鉴定。利用树叶树皮监测和评价大气SO2污染研究工作在国内外已开展过,但利用大叶榆和白腊树对硫酸盐化速率进行研究和评价SOz污染未见报道,此项研究在新疆尚属空白。本项研究结果表明,不同树叶吸收SO2的程度不同,同种树木叶片吸收SO。的能力大于皮部,被研究树种的树叶含硫量与非采暖期的大气硫酸盐化速率和SO2之间均存在着极其显著的正相关关系。被研究树种在植物休眠期的皮流含量与采暖期大气…     

吉林松花湖叶绿素的垂直分布及其影响因素

通过对松花湖叶绿素时间上、空间上垂直动态变化及影响因素的分析，表明了叶绿素垂直分布在不同季节具有明显差异，夏秋季表水层叶绿素浓度呈曲线型分布，而初冬不同水深基本无明显变化，且叶绿素与温度、DO、浊度及盐度具有相关性。     

纳氏比色法测定NH_3－N的改进

纳氏比色法测定ＮＨ_３－Ｎ的改进张志贵，古力沙拉（新疆克拉玛依市环境监测站，８３４０００）（１）减少显色剂ＨｇＣ１２、ＫＩ含量，选用２５０ｍｌ含ＨｇＣＩ。３ｇ较适宜，其仅为纳氏法用量的３２％（ＫＩ含量为７．ｓｇ）。（２）以聚乙烯醇做稳定剂，显著提高显?..     

三清山主要树种重金属污染与华东各山的比较

对江西三清山常见树木叶片重金属含量进行分析测定，并与黄山、庐山、西天目山、乌岩岭同种树种进行了比较。结果表明：三清山已受到一定程度的污染，树木叶片对重金属具有富集作用，富集特性比较：铅：苦槠〉樟〉木荷〉青岗；铜：苦槠〉甜槠〉樟〉木荷〉青岗；镉：甜槠〉樟〉木荷〉苦槠〉青岗；锌：青岗〉甜槠〉苦槠〉樟〉木荷，４种重金属富集能力比较为镉〉铜〉锌〉铅。     

基于RS和GIS的干旱荒漠区域土壤侵蚀动态监测与评价

为建立土壤侵蚀动态变化数据库，本文以土地利用数据、植被覆盖指数、最大风速等值线图和DEM数据为信息源，对干旱荒漠区新疆克拉玛依市2000年和2007年的土壤侵蚀状况进行了动态监测与评价。结果表明，受自然条件和人类活动影响，8年间克拉玛依市土壤侵蚀强度有所增加，变化区域主要集中在克拉玛依市中部平原区。该方法的应用实现了土壤侵蚀的定时定量评价。     

植物大气污染响应高光谱监测实例研究

选择某钢铁企业绿化树种桂花当年生叶片作为供试样本,测试叶片光谱反射率之后分别测试叶液pH值、叶片含硫量、叶绿素含量、叶片含水量,研究生长在S02 污染环境下桂花叶片光谱的变化以及相应的部分生理生化指标的变化.研究表明,污染较严重生产区采集的叶片光谱反射率和红边斜率均较生活区低.叶片含硫量随大气SO2 浓度的增减而相应地变化,叶片叶绿素含量、叶液pH值、叶片含水量的变化规律与叶片含硫量和大气SO2浓度的变化规律相反.     

环境污染对机体营养与免疫水平影响的调查研究

通过对兰州市交警作业环境现场污染物浓度的监测，探明了兰州市交通路口受汽车尾气污染的程度。同时对交警人群体检，发现值勤交警鼻炎、咽炎患病率及神经衰弱症候群、砂眼、关节酸痛等症状出现率均以值勤交警者高于内勤警，且具有统计学意义。血中碳氧血红蛋白、血红蛋白浓度及发铅含量均为值勤交警高于内勤警，而血中免疫球蛋白、尿中水溶性维生素（ＶＢ１、ＶＢ２、ＶＣ）及发中Ｃａ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ含量值勤警低于内勤警。说明兰州市交警作业环境对值勤交警的健康及营养与免疫水平已造成一定的危害，并提出防治与保健措施。     

大气氟化物对大蒜,玉米污染危害的研究

对某县种植的大蒜、玉米受大气氟化物污染危害的情况作了调查，分析了污染危害产生的原因以及污染危害程度与废气排放高度及气象要素的关系；对大蒜、玉米受氟化物危害的症状与受病虫危害的症状作了比较；指出，大蒜、玉米的叶片与果实的氟含量与大气氟化物浓度呈高度正相关；认为，可把２μｇ／（ｄｍ＾２．ｄ）的大气氟化物浓度作为保护大蒜、玉米等农作物的基准值；提出了防治大气氟化物污染的对策。     

原子吸收光度法测定树叶中的重金属

用浓硝酸与高氯酸消解树叶,Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ含量较高,可直接用火焰原子吸收法测定,含量较低的Ｐｄ、Ｃｄ,Ｃｒ则用石墨炉法测定。Ｐｂ及Ｃｄ含量甚微,受基体及共存元素干扰严重用标准加入法可消除干扰,结果令人满意。     

从湿冶钒渣中回收V2O5的试验研究

通过对钒渣经碱浸和酸浸后V2O5回收率的比较，确定了应用H2SO4－氟化物浸出工艺可使渣中钒大部分转变为可溶性盐。分别采用H2SO4－NH4HF2及H2SO4－CaF2浸出工艺从湿冶钒渣中提取V2O5，前者较为满意，V2O5浸出率在65％以上，且氟化物可循环利用。     

北京市大气气态汞变化特征

采用Tekran 2537X大气汞分析仪在线测量北京市城区大气中气态元素汞(GEM,简称大气汞) 浓度,研究大气汞浓度随不同气象条件的变化特征。通过分析2016年10月—2017年9月大气汞监测数据发现,该监测点全年大气汞浓度为0.48～16.25 ng/m³,均值为(3.41±1.79)ng/m³。春季、夏季、秋季和冬季大气汞浓度均值依次为2.93 、2.95、4.27、3.37 ng/m³,其中,秋季大气汞浓度明显高于其他季节 。秋季大气汞浓度显著偏高可能由不利的大气扩散条件导致。大气汞夜间浓度显著高于白天浓度。同时,将大气汞与SO₂、CO及PM_2.5进行相关性分析,发现大气汞浓度变化趋势与SO₂、CO和PM_2.5呈显著正相关。结合风向和风速进行污染来源分析,得到该点位大气汞在西南和东北方向上受人为排放源影响较大。污染源类型分析表明,冬季大气汞与CO同源性强,主要来自本地供暖用煤。     

CODCr测定方法探讨

对经典测定水样ＣＯＤＣｒ的方法进行了改进,以硫酸银－硫酸铜作催化剂代替单独作用硫酸银,用适量硝酸银、硝酸铋代替硫酸汞消除氯离子的干扰,适当提高了消解用硫酸浓度,缩短回流时间。     

TOA—苯体系萃取分离—原子吸收法测定环境水样中铬（Ⅲ）和铬（Ⅵ）

研究了三正辛胺（ＴＯＡ）－茉体系对Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）和Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）的选择性萃取作用,在硫酸介质中可将水相中的Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）萃取到有机相里,而Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）仍留在留在水相中,用原子吸收法（ＡＡＳ）测定可求得Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）和Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）的含量,回收率分别为９４％￣１０５％和９４％￣１０４％。方法简单、快速、准确。     

Estimating residential air pollution exposure among citizens in Oslo 1974-1998 using a geographical information system

Annual concentration fields of SO2 and NOx for the period 1974-1998 are calculated for a 22 x 18 km2-grid in Oslo. In a study of lung cancer and air pollution in Oslo, 16209 men living in Oslo have been followed from 1972/73 to 1998. This paper presents a method for estimating their annual residential air pollution exposure for SO2 and NOx. In the exposure assessment the National Population Register provided information on home addresses. Each participant was given an annual average air pollutant concentration outdoors of the address he lived the largest part of that year. Persons living close to streets with high traffic were given an additional concentration, and persons who moved outside Oslo were given a region value for each year. Due to regulations of the sulfur content in fuel oil and a general change of local heating systems to electricity or distant heating, the SO2-concentrations in Central Oslo were reduced during the period from about 60 microg m(-3) in 1974-75 to about 4 microg m(-3) in 1997-98. Due to the increasing traffic the NOx-concentrations have increased slowly, from about 40 microg m(-3) in 1974-84 to about 60 microg m(-3) in 1989. After the introduction of catalyst cars the concentrations were reduced to about 45 microg m(-3) in 1997-98.     

Abundance and sources of hydrophilic and hydrophobic water-soluble organic carbon at an urban site in Korea in summer

In this study, the characteristics of total water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and isolated WSOC fractions were examined to gain a better understanding of the pathway of organic aerosol production. 24 h PM(2.5) samples were collected during the summer (July 28-August 28, 2009) at an urban site in Korea. A glass column filled with XAD7HP resin was used to separate the filtered extracts into hydrophilic (WSOC(HPI)) and hydrophobic (WSOC(HPO)) fractions. The origins of air mass pathways arriving at the sampling site were mostly classified into three types, those originating over the East Sea of Korea that passed over the eastern inland urban and industrial regions (type I); those from the marine (western/southwestern/southern marine) and passed over the national industrial complex regions (type II); and those from northeastern China that passed through North Korea and metropolitan areas of South Korea (type III). Measurements showed an increase in the average WSOC fraction of total OC from the type II to III air mass (53 to 64%) periods. Also, higher SO(4)(2-)/SO(x) (=SO(2) + SO(4)(2-)) was observed in the type III air mass (0.70) than those in the types I (0.49) and II (0.43). According to the average values of WSOC/OC and SO(4)(2-)/SO(x), measurements suggest that the aerosols collected during the type III air mass period were more aged or photo-chemically processed than those during the types I and II air mass periods. The relationship between the SO(4)(2-)/SO(x) and WSOC/OC (R(2) = 0.64) suggests that a significant fraction of the observed WSOC at the site could be formed by an oxidation process similar to SO(4)(2-) aerosols, probably the oxidation process using OH radicals, or in-cloud processing. The photochemical production of WSOC(HPO) was also observed to significantly contribute to the total OC.     

张掖市SO2控制区污染源的解析

张掖市是国务院划定的SO2污染控制区之一,其SO2污染严重程度居全国前列,本研究以环境空气SO2监测和SO2污染源监测调查为基础,以ATDL模式为模拟手段,对张掖市SO2控制区的污染源进行了解析,分析找出造成该控制区SO2污染的根本原因,从而为制定SO2污染总量控制方案奠定科学基础。     

Reduction of SO2 Emissions by Ammonia Gas During Staged Combustion

To reduce SO2 emissions, ammonia gas was injected into a coal-fired fluidized-bed combustor under staged commbustion condition. The combustor was 2 m high with a 30 cm static bed height and a freeboard height of 170 cm. The ammonia gas was injected at 52 cm and 65 cm above the distributor, which had a temperature of ca. 700 °C, by an uncooled stainless-steel tube injector. The experiments investigated the effects of ammonia gas injection on sulphur dioxide emissions at staged conditions, varying the: (i) excess air level, (ii) secondary air ratio, (iii) fluidizing velocity, (iv) ammonia injection position, and (v) the ammonia : sulphur dioxide molar ratio.A maximum reduction of 66% in SO2 emissions was found at 40% excess air, 65 : 35 staging, 1.5 m/s fluidizing velocity, 65 cm injection height, and an NH3 : SO2 molar ratio of 1.2. The onset of SO2 reduction occurred at an NH3 : SO2 ratio of 0.5. The fluidizing velocity, excess air, level of staging, and ammonia injection height all have a significant influence on SO2 reduction.It is difficult to determine how the SO2 reduction varies with the operating conditions when ammonia is injected in the high temperature zone of the combustor. As sulphur oxides-ammonia reactions are low temperature reactions, the findings confirm the occurrence of reactions above the freeboard or near the exit to the cyclone.     

燃煤电厂的硫平衡及SO2排放量的确定

对燃煤电厂的硫平衡进行了研究，同时对如何准确、简便的确定燃煤电厂SO2的排放量进行了探讨。     

Forecasts using Box–Jenkins models for the ambient air quality data of Delhi City

The monthly maximum of the 24-h average time-series data of ambient air quality-sulphur dioxide (SO(2)), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration monitored at the six National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (NAAQM) stations in Delhi, was analysed using Box-Jenkins modelling approach (Box et al. 1994). Univariate linear stochastic models were developed to examine the degree of prediction possible for situations where only the past record of pollutant data are available. In all, 18 models were developed, three for each station for each of the respective pollutant. The model evaluation statistics suggest that considerably satisfactory real-time forecasts of pollution concentrations can be generated using the Box-Jenkins approach. The developed models can be used to provide short-term, real-time forecasts of extreme air pollution concentrations for the Air Quality Control Region (AQCR) of Delhi City, India.