顶空气相色谱法测定浓海水中挥发性卤代烃

采用顶空法分离并富集海水淡化排放的浓海水样品,用气相色谱法测定样品中的挥发性卤代烃,通过优化顶空时间、顶空温度、水样盐度等条件,提高顶空富集效率,使方法在2.00μg/L~100μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数均0.999,方法检出限为0.019μg/L~0.052μg/L。标准溶液平行6次测定结果的RSD为3.9%~9.6%,加标回收率为80.5%~125%。     

聚氨酯泡塑预富集-石墨炉原子吸收法测定水中铊

水样经硝酸和过氧化氢消解,Tl~+被氧化为Tl~(3+),在王水和Fe~(3+)介质中,TlCl~-_4被聚氨酯泡塑吸附富集,沸水脱附后用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定。用硝酸钯-抗坏血酸基体改进剂提高测定灵敏度,方法在0μg/L～25.0μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.01μg/L。实际样品加标后6次测定结果的RSD为3.0%～11.0%,平均加标回收率为95.0%～99.8%。有证标准物质的测定结果在标准值范围内,相对误差为-4.8%。     

2,4-滴、灭草松和多种酚类的快速检测方法探讨

采用Waters Oasis HLB柱分离富集水样,用超高效液相色谱法同时测定水中2,4-滴、灭草松和7种酚类。通过优化试验条件,使方法在0. 03 mg/L～10. 0 mg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0. 03μg/L～0. 12μg/L,自来水水样的回收率为84. 4%～109%,RSD为0. 8%～3. 7%。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水中甲拌磷及其代谢产物残留

采用固相微萃取技术富集水样中甲拌磷及其代谢产物残留,并用气相色谱法测定。通过优化试验条件,使该方法在0.05 mg/L~1.00 mg/L范围内线性良好,甲拌磷、甲拌磷亚砜和甲拌磷砜方法检出限分别为0.64μg/L、36.1μg/L、1.8μg/L。用该方法测定无公害种植基地的灌溉水样品,3种农药残留均为未检出,水样的加标回收率为60.4%~85.7%,测定5次结果的RSD为3.4%~8.5%。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定河水中的多环芳烃

采用固相萃取富集河水样品中15种多环芳烃(PAHs),并用高效液相色谱法测定,通过优化萃取条件和仪器条件,使该方法在10.0μg/L~500μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数R20.99。方法检出限为3.70 ng/L~27.2 ng/L,标准溶液平行测定7次RSD在10%以内,空白水样的加标回收率为39.3%~109%。     

固相萃取-GC/MS法测定水中16种有机氯农药

采用HLB固相萃取柱富集水样,乙酸乙酯溶剂洗脱,加入氘代菲作为内标,利用气相色谱/质谱联用法选择离子模式测定水中16种有机氯农药,优化了固相萃取条件。16种有机氯农药在5.00μg/L~250μg/L范围内线性良好,按1 L水样计算,方法最低检出限为1.4 ng/L~19.4 ng/L,相对标准偏差为3.5%~20.0%,平均加标回收率为44.7%~119%。     

粉状巯基棉富集——水中痕量CH_3Hg~+及Hg~(2+)的冷原子荧光测定

本文提出了一种新的高巯基粉状巯基棉的合成方法,按此法合成的流基棉含量在2.2%～2.5%之间.在盐酸介质中,用溴水在室温下快速分解甲基汞,冷原子荧光测定的新方法.将粉状巯基棉与稀释剂按一定比例混合装柱,用于富集水体中溶解态痕量Hg~(2+)和CH_3Hg~+,富集流速100ml/min.检出限CH_3Hg~+为4.2×10~(-5)μg/l,Hg~(2+)为6.6×10~(-5)μg/l.     

TBP萃淋树脂分离GFAAS法测定水与废水中的铬(Ⅵ)和铬(Ⅲ)

提出了以磷酸三丁酯 (TBP)萃淋树脂分离富集六价铬的方法 ,对 TBP萃淋树脂为柱填料分离富集 Cr( )的介质、酸度、洗脱条件及干扰行为等进行了详细研究。结果表明在 1 %的盐酸介质中 ,TBP萃淋树脂能定量吸附 Cr( ) ,配以石墨炉原子吸收法测定达到分别测定 Cr( )和 Cr( )之目的。方法快速简便 ,试样无需经过复杂的前处理 ,方法检出限为 2 μg L,对含铬 5μg L的试样测得方法的变异系数为 5 5% ,标准回收率为 95%～ 1 0 5%。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鱼胆汁中内分泌干扰物

采用固相萃取法富集鱼胆汁中5种环境内分泌干扰物(EDCs),用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定。通过试验优化前处理条件,使方法在0.100μg/L~500μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.54 ng/L~6.41 ng/L。去离子水3个质量浓度水平的加标回收率为77.2%~98.3%,6次测定结果的RSD为2.1%~4.9%。空白鱼胆汁样品的中质量浓度加标回收率为81.7%~108%,6次测定结果的RSD为3.9%~7.1%。     

顶空-气相色谱法测定水中溴乙烷

建立了顶空-气相色谱法测定环境中不同基质水样中溴乙烷的方法,分别考察了顶空平衡温度、平衡时间、离子强度对溴乙烷富集的影响,从而确定最佳方法参数。结果表明,溴乙烷在0. 10~10. 0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)为0. 999 0,检出限为0. 012μg/L,测定下限为0. 048μg/L,加标回收率为86. 7%~104. 7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2. 9%~4. 8%。该方法准确度和精密度高、检出限低,能够满足环境中不同基质水样中溴乙烷的检测要求。     

Health risk assessment of fluoride in drinking water from Anhui Province in China

This study analyzes the concentrations and health risks of fluoride in 249 drinking water samples collected from different regions of Anhui Province in China. Results indicated that fluoride content in drinking water ranged from 0.12 to 1.94 mg L^?1 (mean?=?0.57 mg L^?1) in the following order: Huaibei plain region > Jianghuai hill region ≈ Dabieshan mountainous region > plain along the Yangtze River region > southern Anhui mountainous region. The fluoride contents were less than 0.50 mg L^?1 in 66.66 % of the drinking water samples, 0.51–1.0 mg L^?1 in 23.29 %, and higher than 1.0 mg L^?1 in 12.04 %. The fluoride levels in some samples were lower than the recommended values for controlling dental caries (0.50–1.0 mg L^?1). The total fluoride intake from drinking water was between 0.14 and 2.33 mg per day in different regions of the province, supposing an individual consumes 1.2 L of water per day. Therefore, measures should be taken to increase fluoride intake in the Jianghuai hill region, Dabieshan mountainous region, plain along the Yangtze River, and southern Anhui mountainous region to control dental caries. On the other hand, the fluoride levels must be reduced in the Huaibei plain region to decrease endemic fluorosis. The results serve as crucial guidelines for managing fluoride safety in drinking water and controlling endemic fluorosis in different regions of Anhui Province.     

江苏省沿江城市饮用水系统适应能力评估

在对饮用水系统适应能力界定的基础上,基于水源地、供水、用水、排污处理和技术5个子系统的适应性要素构建沿江城市饮用水系统适应能力评价指标体系和评价模型,采用分指数与综合指数法评估系统的适应能力水平、存在问题,并据此对江苏省沿江地区城市饮用水系统适应能力分异特征、类型及影响因素进行深入探讨。结果表明,南部环太湖地区城市饮用水系统适应能力高于中部滨江地区,北部地区适应能力最低;从各子系统适应能力得分情况来看,需加大对沿江地区水源地的保护力度,合理规划港口、码头等的布设;加快北部地区供排基础设施的建设,提高风险应急防范能力;南部环湖地区重点开展节水型企业与生态工业园区创建。     

Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Wuhan section of the Yangtze River, China

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are important organic contaminants with great significance for China, where coal burning is the main source of energy. In this study, concentrations, distribution between different phases, possible sources and eco-toxicological effect of PAHs of the Yangtze River were assessed. PAHs in water, suspended particulate matters (SPM) and sediment samples at seven main river sites, 23 tributary and lake sites of the Yangtze River at the Wuhan section were analyzed. The total concentrations of PAHs in the studied area ranged from 0.242 to 6.235 μg/l in waters and from 31 to 4,812 μg/kg in sediment. The average concentration of PAHs in SPM was 4,677 μg/kg, higher than that in sediment. Benzo(a)pyrene was detected only at two stations, but the concentrations were above drinking water standard. The PAHs level of the Yangtze River was similar to that of some other rivers in China but higher than some rivers in foreign countries. There existed a positive relationship between PAHs concentrations and the TOC contents in sediment. The ratio of specific PAHs indicated that PAHs mainly came from combustion process, such as coal and wood burning. PAHs may cause potential toxic effect but will not cause acute biological effects in sedimentary environment of the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River.     

A preliminary study on the occurrence and behavior of carbamazepine (CBZ) in aquatic environment of Yangtze River Delta, China

The occurrence and behavior of carbamazepine (CBZ) was investigated in aquatic environment of Yangtze River Delta, East China. The water samples were enriched by solid-phase extraction and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. The validation of the analytical method included linearity (0.1?C1 mg/L), recovery studies, and determination of limits of quantification. Limits of quantification of CBZ in various aquatic samples were in the range of 0.1?C0.2 ??g/L. CBZ was detected in the Tongji University Intramural River, the Huangpu River, and the Suzhou River with the highest concentration of 1,090 ng/L, but not detected in the Nanhengyin River and the Caojia River. In sewage water samples, CBZ was not detected in one of the sewage treatment plants (STPs) but was detected in the raw influents and effluents at the other three selected STPs in Shanghai, with the concentrations ranging from 230 to 1,110 ng/L. CBZ was not completely eliminated after secondary treatment (with the active sludge process).     

长江(江苏段)环境风险防控体系建设

简述了近年来长江江面和沿岸区域发生的几起典型的突发环境事件,对长江(江苏段)沿江八市区域内尤其是长江沿岸化工园区和企业、危化品码头和仓储、危化品运输船舶和长江水源地存在的环境风险进行了分析,提出,应加强长江环境风险防控体系建设,开展流域环境风险隐患排查,健全监测预警体系,增强水源地保护,深化地区部门联动,建设长江一体化应急响应系统。     

长江水环境质量监测网络运行体系初步构建

为精准、客观、全面评价长江水环境质量和支撑长江大保护,通过研究制定一系列管理制度和技术规范,以优化调整的水环境质量监测网络为基础,建立了涉及管理制度、监测技术、质量控制和数据审核等方面的水质自动监测与采测分离手工监测相结合的网络运行机制。研究自动与手工监测的总磷前处理方式,实现了自动与手工监测数据的匹配和融合,并将融合数据应用于长江水环境质量评价、预警、考核与排名,实现了长江水环境质量监测网络的业务化运行。     

应用有限体积法分析污染源排放对饮用水源的影响

根据南京市5家市政水厂水源保护区的污染源调查结果建立了长江南京段水动力和有限体积法水质数学模型,并结合各污染源的污染强度和排放规律,分析了枯水期在不同水文情况下,污染源排放对饮用水源地水质的影响.有限体积法的模拟结果与常规分析的监测结果均表明,水厂受污染程度为:上元门水厂＞北河口水厂＞城北水厂＞浦口水厂＞城南水厂.主要污染源为水量较大,且有一定污染的入江河流.     

长江南京段水质自动监测点位优化

简述了长江南京段监测断面现状，用相关分析与聚类分析方法对水质监测数据进行了统计分析，对长江南京段水质自动监测优化布点提出了相关建议。     

“引江济太”对太湖北部底质及水质总磷的影响

应用GIS技术研究了"引江济太"对太湖北部底质与水质总磷(TP)浓度的影响。研究结果表明,2014—2019年,调水北部沿线4个点位底质TP浓度降幅为59.8%～80.5%;不同点位的水质TP浓度变化存在差异,入湖口点位下降14.1%,沿线其他点位分别上升37.4%、38.6%和45.0%。从空间分布来看,太湖水质TP始终呈明显的"西高东低"分布特点,但底质TP的分布未显示出该类规律。望亭水利枢纽调水情况与入湖口5#点位底质TP浓度呈一定程度的正相关,在调水入湖水量大于出湖水量的年份,5#点位底质TP浓度会偏高。"引江济太"会对太湖北部调水沿线,特别是入湖口附近水域的TP含量产生较大影响,并通过水流迁移与底质再悬浮释放影响下游水域。如何降低望虞河及周边支流的入湖泥沙量将是今后开展科学调水、保障贡湖水源地水质安全的重点研究方向之一。     

城市地表水环境质量排名方法研究

基于现行的国家水环境质量评价标准和方法,研究建立了综合反映城市地表水环境质量的城市水质指数CWQI。方法具有普适性、可操作性和可比性,可用于城市地表水环境质量排名。应用于长三角经济圈、珠三角经济圈和京津冀经济圈的相关城市进行排名测算,3个经济圈的城市水质指数呈现不同的分布规律,总体来说长三角经济圈的城市地表水环境质量优于珠三角经济圈和京津冀经济圈。