对我国环境自动监测发展的思考

阐述了我国环境自动监测的现状,指出环境自动监测的发展势头迅猛异常,国产自动监测仪器设备的发展前景广阔,而仪器设备标准化和监测系统规范化问题比较突出,建议自动监测系统的建设发展速度适度控制,重视自动监测信息建设与数据共享问题,加强监控管理,理顺管理体制和运行机制.     

近岸海域水质自动监测规范化研究

为规范近岸海域水质自动监测,基于近岸海域水质监测要求和质控要求、近岸海域水质自动监测系统特点和近岸海域水质自动监测运行的经验,开展了近岸海域水质自动监测规范化研究,编制了《近岸海域水质自动监测技术规范》(HJ 731—2014),规范了近岸海域水质自动监测系统建设、设备选择、系统验收、日常管理、维护和校准、质量保证和质量控制、数据有效性和上报、监测报告等方面的工作。有利于在标准方法基础上,使中国近岸海域水质自动监测系统的监测数据准确、可靠、可比,有利于近岸海域水质自动监测系统在日常监测中更好地发挥作用。     

城市道路交通噪声自动监测技术探讨

从开展城市道路交通噪声自动监测的必要性出发 ,对城市道路交通噪声自动监测的监测点位布设和自动监测系统的结构进行了探讨。指出了城市道路交通噪声自动监测点位两种设计方法———路段优化点位法和干线路段普测点位法的优缺点。述说了城市道路交通噪声自动监测系统结构框图。     

地表水环境自动监测技术应用与发展趋势

归纳分析了国内外地表水环境自动监测技术的应用现状。结果表明:自动监测在目前应用中虽然存在与手工监测技术上的差异、标准与监测技术规范的滞后以及实施过程中受自然环境基础条件限制等诸多问题,但却在水质的趋势分析与预警监测中发挥了重大的作用。建议今后进一步拓展自动监测范围,提高自动监测仪器的灵敏度和自动监测的集成化水平,实现对地表水的动态监控和预警预报,建立手工与自动监测相结合的新型监测模式,逐步将自动监测结果用于水环境质量评价。     

再谈污染源自动监控设备运营模式

随着自动监控设备在污染源监测中应用的不断增多,自动监控设备的运营质量成为大家关注的焦点.如何实现自动监控设备的良好运营,是发挥自动监测作用的前提和保障.分析了目前中国污染源自动监控设备运营的现状及存在的问题,探讨了第三方运营模式的可行性及其特点、存在问题和对策.     

重庆市环境质量自动监测(控)系统网络集成设计

针对目前重庆市环境空气质量自动监测现状,结合自动监控系统设计先进技术和国内部分省市已建成的环境信息监控网络的先进经验,对重庆市环境空气自动监测监控系统的建设进行设计,并介绍了环境空气质量自动监测监控系统的组成和实现的功能.现有的自动监测系统存在不同类型设备、通讯方式落后等问题,建设重庆市环境质量自动监控系统的思路是采用GPRS/CDMA/ADSL为主的数据通信传输技术,建立通信控制和信息集成系统,把重庆市环境空气、水、噪声自动监测系统进行系统化的集成,设计成一个完善的环境信息自动化动态监控平台.     

环境空气自动监测质量管理框架体系研究

以环境监测管理各项法规政策、空气自动监测技术规范和方法标准的技术规定及管理要求为准绳,研究搭建环境空气自动监测质量管理总框架,制定体系化的环境空气自动监测质量管理框架体系及管理文件规程,从而规范环境空气自动监测活动,提高空气自动监测数据的科学性和准确性,为环境保护管理部门实施环境空气预报预警及规划空气污染治理各项工作奠定坚实基础。     

利用空气自动监测车仪器对空气自动监测站仪器进行质量保证及质量控制的可行性分析

通过对辖区内空气自动监测车仪器与4家公司空气自动监测站仪器的比对分析,得出了空气自动监测车仪器与空气自动监测站仪器的PM10、SO2、NO2相对误差分别为:-32.8%、4.4%、-8.7%,仪器之间显现出良好的线性关系,从比对结果来看,利用空气自动监测车对空气自动监测站进行质量保证和质量控制是可行的.     

地表水水质自动监测数据技术评估

对地表水水质自动监测站取水口直接采样和模拟水样,用自动监测和实验室方法监测相应的指标,对两者的监测结果进行比较,研究和分析两者之间差异的原因,评估自动监测数据,提出建议。     

水质自动监测系统运行过程中的质量保证和质量控制

以常州市武进水质自动监测站的工作为例，根据水质自动监测系统的技术特点，提出健全各项规章制度，培训技术人员，建立质量保证体系和自动监测系统运行的质量控制方法，以保证水质自动监测系统的正常运行。     

绍兴市典型印染废水中重金属锑排放现状及排放源调查

分析和统计的86家印染工业企业当中,废水总排口中的总锑超标率为25.6%,质量浓度0.050 mg/L以下较低排放浓度所占比例最大,达62.8%。印染废水锑排放源主要有涤棉和涤纶化纤类布料的染色、印花工艺废水,碱减量工艺废水等,工业液碱、废酸以及硫酸铝污水处理剂等原料当中含锑浓度较高。印染废水经污水处理厂集中纳管深度处理后,锑排放浓度较低,锑去除效率最高达到88.0%,大大降低了环境地表水体锑污染的风险。     

棉浆粕废水中CODCr值与TOC值相关性研究

棉浆粕废水具有排放量大、有机污染物浓度高、色度深等特点,用在线监测仪测定废水中的TOC,同时用重铬酸钾法测定废水中的CODCr,以此寻找出棉浆粕废水中CODCr与TOC之间的相关性.采用在线监测仪快速测定废水中的TOC值,可间接求出CODCr的测定值,能够真实反映棉浆粕废水中CODCr值,从而达到对棉浆粕废水中CODCr含量的有效监控.     

Impact of distillery effluent application to land on soil microflora

A pot culture experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different treatments of distillery wastewater, i.e. raw, treated, diluted and raw distillery wastewater mixed with domestic waste stabilization pond effluent (1:1) on populations of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and nitrogen fixing bacteria. The results indicated that raw wastewater decreased the population of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. The growth rates of Rhizobium and Azotobacter were also reduced after raw wastewater application. The toxic effect of raw wastewater was minimized when it was mixed with stabilization pond effluent (1:1), this was demonstrated by an increase in the populations of all the microorganisms studied. When a groundnut plant was irrigated with raw distillery wastewater, no fruits were produced and there was also less nodulation. This study indicates that raw distillery wastewater is very toxic to the soil microorganisms which are important in the soil ecosystem.     

煤矿矿井废水综合治理探讨

对煤矿矿井废水进行机械作用,实现清、污分离,清水回用,煤泥渣统一处理,使煤矿矿井废水实现零排放.     

焦化废水生化处理过程中溶解性有机物及毒性变化规律

焦化废水中的溶解性有机物(DOM)作为废水污染物和毒性的主要来源受到广泛关注。厌氧-缺氧-好氧(A-A-O)生物法联合混凝沉淀工艺在焦化废水处理中被广泛应用。于2018年4,7和11月分别采集4座焦化废水处理厂废水,采用光谱学分析手段和水生生物急性毒性试验对A-A-O联合混凝沉淀处理过程中焦化废水的DOM和毒性变化进行分析。结果表明,焦化废水中含有大量不饱和芳香性物质,其中类色氨酸、络氨酸物质占主导,其次为类溶解性微生物代谢产物、类富里酸物质和类腐殖酸类物质;未经处理的焦化废水对藻类和大型溞的急性毒性等级为中毒至高毒。A-A-O联合混凝沉淀处理可去除90%以上的类色氨酸、络氨酸和类富里酸物质,但对类腐殖酸类物质去除率相对较低,仅为约80%,关键去除段为缺氧段和好氧段;该工艺对焦化废水急性毒性削减率为80.51%~94.30%,关键削减段为厌氧段。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,焦化废水溶解性总有机碳(TOC)、类腐殖酸类物质荧光组分C1和类富里酸类物质荧光组分C4与废水急性毒性存在显著正相关关系,可利用其作为水样急性毒性初筛的指示性指标。可为焦化废水生化处理的效能优化和废水毒性控制及安全评估提供科学支撑。     

连云港地区非点源污染的调查分析

随着工业点源废水治理达标排放的实现,非点源废水已成为连云港市地表水环境污染的主要因素。通过现场调查、理论计算,结合连云港市第一次全国污染源普查结果和相关统计资料,核算出连云港地区非点源废水污染物的排放量。     

Influence of different textile fibers on characterization of dyeing wastewater and final effluent

Textile industry needs to recover and reuse its wastewater as to fulfil the demand of increasingly strict regulations. The characterization of dyeing wastewater samples according to textile fiber and final textile effluent enables the application of different treatment methods. This study aims to characterize dyeing wastewater in black color of polyamide, polyester, and viscose fibers and final textile effluent. Samples were collected and characterized completely for major pollution indicator parameters. Dyeing wastewater of polyester showed higher values for some parameters, e.g., 4994.44% (49,944,400 mg L^?1 and 917 NTU) of turbidity and 4100.00% of phenol when compared to dyeing wastewater of other fibers. Other parameters such as pH, alkalinity, color, phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfides, chlorides, oil and grease, dissolved solids, and chemical and biochemical oxygen demand were also assessed. In addition to individual characterization, this study also presents a correlation of the contribution of each parameter to the final textile effluent. Although dyeing wastewater of polyamide contributes the most in terms of quantity for the final effluent, this study revealed that dyeing wastewater of polyester influenced the most on the final composition of the textile wastewater when evaluating color, turbidity, total iron, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, phenol, mercury, oil and grease, and total phosphorus. The present study is focused on bringing new insights to provide future research with other strategies to improve the treatment of dyeing wastewater. In addition, some suggestions are also given for wastewater treatments according to type of textile fiber.     

含锑工业废水的样品保存方法研究

选取5-Br-PADAP光度法和原子吸收法分析预处理后水样的保存效果，经检测发现利用HNO，-HC1溶液作为固定剂，调节pH〈1后在无色玻璃瓶中贮存的样品，常温下可保存31d，锑回收率达95％以上，同时前处理带入的干扰离子最少，能够满足验收废水监测中质量控制要求。     

气浮+磷酸铵镁化学沉淀法处理铝材行业氟化氢铵表面处理废水

针对铝材企业NH4HF2表面处理废水含有高浓度的NHs-N和F-等特点,采用气浮+磷酸铵镁(MAP)化学沉淀法对NH4HF2废水进行预处理,可达到目标处理效果,再引入氧化废水池进一步处理,继而达标排放.经验证,该方法是一种技术可行、经济合理的NH4 HF2废水处理方法.     

Quality of wastewater reuse in agricultural irrigation and its impact on public health

This study is planned to perform a sanitary survey of the largest sewage treatment plant in Riyadh, KSA, fortnightly for 6 months to examine its effluent quality as an example for the growing dependence on reuse of treated municipal wastewater in agricultural irrigation purposes to cope with increasing water shortage. The biological and physico-chemical parameters of 12 wastewater samples from the plant were examined using standard methods. The physico-chemical analysis indicated that the surveyed municipal wastewater treatment plant contained some of the studied parameters, such as turbidity, total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and residual chlorine above the maximum permissible wastewater limits set by the Saudi Standards. However, heavy metal concentrations in all samples were lower than the recommended standards. Total and faecal coliform counts were above the permissible limits indicating poor sanitation level. Fifty percent of all wastewater samples were contaminated with faecal coliforms but, surprisingly, Escherichia coli were only detected in 8.3 % of the samples. Regular monitoring and enhancement of microbial and physico-chemical parameters of the wastewater quality served by different wastewater treatment plants for reuse in agricultural irrigation is recommended to preserve the environment and public health.