水体富营养化污染现状及防治

由于大量使用化肥及排放各类污水，已造成许多湖泊，河流水体氮磷严重污染，并具富营养型及水文期变化特征，文中有针对性地提出了水体氮污染防治措施。     

铁路运输业污水治理系统分析

研究了乌鲁木剂铁路局系统污水治理污染控制方法及途径，提出了主要污染物为石油类，其最佳治理对策是：确定重点污染单位、污染源、用最低的治理投入，选择斜板隔油气浮工艺治理重点污染和次重点污染部门，得到较好的治理效果，否定盲目追求“零排放”的高投入方案。     

全面建立机动车排气污染监管体系探讨

对南京市机动车排气污染监督管理工作进行了分析，指出了存在的问题，设计了未来监督管理工作的思路。提出对机动车排气污染监管要构建完整的监管体系，重在对部门的监管；加强车辆使用全过程污染防治监管，建立对各级机动车维修企业尾气治理行为的监管制度；启用严格的排放标准和检测手段，全面控制机动车排气污染。     

鳌江水污染特征及防治对策

平阳县环境监测站于1998年2002年对鳌江埭头、江屿、方岩渡、江口渡4个断面的水质进行了监测。结果表明，埭头断面目前属尚清洁．江屿断面属严重污染(以氨氮、挥发酚为主)，方岩渡、江口渡断面为中污染段(以氨氮为主)。造成鳌江污染的污染源主要是平阳县的制革废水和鳌江沿岸乡镇的生活污水。提出。环保及各级政府部门应加大对鳌江治理投资，尽快建设排污管网及生活污水处理厂；对无能力进行废水处理的小企业，应予以关闭；提倡使用清洁生产工艺，从源头减少制革废水的污染。     

湛江港湾富营养化评价及对策探讨

根据1996－2001年6年对湛江港湾的定点监测资料，选用DIN、COD、DIP三项参数进行评价分析结果表明，港湾水中COO、DIP大体符合海水水质一类标准，DIN超过三类或四类标准；水体处于高N低P和富营养化状态，并会逐年加重，近两年更为突出；富营养化程度：平水期大于丰水期，丰水期大于枯水期，同时从湾顶到湾口呈逐步减轻之势。文中还就富营养化原因，提出完善和落实港湾环保规划，加强环境监测，促进污染治理，建设污水处理厂等对策。     

太湖流域农村面源污染治理现状与前景研究

分析了太湖流域农村面源污染现状、调查方法、治理技术及过往的环境管理经验,指出近年来的治污工作虽然有效控制了城镇点源污染,但对经济基础相对薄弱的乡村地区面源污染的治理效果仍然不佳。基于太湖流域农村面源污染治理在技术层面已经形成的以分散式污水处理设施净化乡村生活污水、以径流截污工程治理暴雨径流污染、以源头减排和污染截留技术治理农业生产污染的系统化体系,提出了将面源污染治理与农村产业优化、基建升级、高标准农田建设、生态湿地推广等目标相结合,在多要素协同/权衡的思路下加强环境治理技术与政治经济领域融合等研究展望。     

实施全过程污染控制是实现污水达标排放的根本保证

结合兰州炼油厂的环保工作实际，从建设项目“三同时”、清洁生产、污染治理、环境管理等不同角度，全面论述了实施全过程污染控制是实现污水达标排放的根本保证。     

2016—2021年上海市杨浦区黄浦江流域水质变化与污染特征分析

为全面了解并跟踪上海市杨浦区黄浦江流域的水质情况，于2016年1月—2021年12月对杨浦区黄浦江流域的6个监测断面的地表水质量进行调查。采用单因子污染指数分析法和水质综合污染指数分析法，探究了杨浦区内黄浦江流域水质的污染变化特征。结果表明，自2017年杨浦区开展河道整治以来，流域总体水质明显改善，出口水质从重度污染提升到良好水平；居民区密集的虬江断面水质相对较差，后续需加强对虬江流域的污染排放管理；水质污染特征分析结果发现河道的主要污染物种类从氨氮（NH₃-N）转换为总磷(TP)，说明河道整治提升了河道的自净能力，水质改善效果显著；水质在非汛期优于汛期，气温、降雨、泵站放江和污水排放是影响水质的主要原因。     

淄博化工园区大气有机污染应急监测与管理对策

针对工业聚集区内多种恶臭混杂的情况，以淄博化工园区为例，研究了大气有机污染突发事件中有机物的应急监测方法，并提出了治理对策。利用便携式气相色谱-质谱联用仪，对重点企业事先监测，掌握各企业特征污染物，作为应急监测查找污染源头的依据；现场分析受污染空气中的化合物组成及浓度，通过查询、比对各企业特征污染物，确认责任排污企业。提出了末端监测处罚治理与对重点污染企业推行清洁生产相结合，应急监测与有机污染物在线监测相结合，建立企业污染源特征组分数据库，加强企业无组织排放监测与监管等治理大气有机污染的建议。     

烟台市东部海域、陆域污染源现状调查及防治对策

通过对特定海域的生活污水、工业废水、农业排水和水产养殖业排水的污染源调查，统计4类污染源的污染物排放总量及污染分担率；给出了调查结论，并根据海域的污染特征提出了相应的污染防治对策。     

城市生活污染对浏阳河长沙城区段水质的影响

对浏阳河长沙城区段的水质现状和污染来源进行了调查。结果表明,浏阳河河水流经长沙城区后,氨氮和总磷浓度分别升高了9.49倍和7.75倍,但铁、锰和高锰酸盐指数等其他监测指标无显著变化。浏阳河长沙城区段的污染主要是由于区域内生活污水直接排入和污水处理厂尾水排入导致清污比例严重失调引起的,城市生活污染对浏阳河长沙城区段水质下降的贡献最大。此外,湘江长沙综合枢纽工程库区回水的顶托作用对浏阳河长沙城区段水质也有一定影响。     

Seasonal Variation in Bacterial Flora of the Wastewater and Soil in the Vicinity of Industrial Area

Environmental pollution is one of the major problems being facedtoday due to the advent of extensive industrialization. Heavy metals are the most important contaminants in wastewater that are present in abundance and are toxic. Heavy metal contentsof sewage in the industrial estate of Aligarh (U.P.) have beendetermined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The analysisof samples collected from six different locations revealedsignificantly high levels of Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr and Ni. Certainbacteriological (Total bacterial count, Total coliform, Fecal coliform, and Fecal Streptococci) parameters of domestic and industrial sewage as well as soils were monitored from March1990 to January 1993. Total bacterial count, total coliform,fecal coliform and fecal streptococci were found to be lowestin all the samples of industrial wastewater compared to thosein domestic sewage and soil systems. The soil however, contained highest total culturable bacterial population. In view of the common practice of the application of sewage to agricultural land in the neighbouring area, the discharge ofindustrial wastewater without proper treatment into public sewers should be strictly prohibited.     

平原感潮河网地区非点源污染负荷匡算

平原感潮河网地区非点源污染严重,由于具有交叉污染等特性,造成了整个平原河网存在严重的环境污染和环境安全问题。构建了大尺度非点源污染负荷匡算模型,对南通平原河网地区非点源污染负荷进行了匡算。根据不同的产污方式,将非点源污染分为城镇降雨径流污染、畜禽养殖污染、农田降雨径流污染、农村生活污染和水产养殖污染等5种类型,分别计算其流失过程。     

生物监测技术在工业废水监测领域的应用研究

生物监测可以系统反映污染物对生物生长的影响及其在生物体内的转化和迁移,在水环境监测与生态健康管理中的重要性日益突出。伴随着工业化的快速发展,中国水环境污染问题依然严峻,工业废水治理和排放问题仍旧突出。为进一步保障工业废水出水及受纳水体水质安全,迫切需要在工业废水监测中引入生物监测技术。对传统微生物群落监测法、水生生物毒性监测法和基于分子生物学技术的微生群落监测法等在工业废水监测领域的研究及应用进行了综述,并对存在的问题进行了总结。建议后续进一步完善工业废水生物监测体系时,参考国外成熟经验,制定出符合国内需求及特征的工业废水生物监测方法与评价标准,以便更好地掌握工业区整体环境健康及污染状况。     

沱江流域主要污染负荷预测及时空分布特征

耦合社会-经济因子探究工业点源和生活污染源污染负荷未来变化趋势,可为优化水环境规划和管理方案提供理论依据。选取沱江流域为研究区域,采用经济增长预测法、工业点源传统统计法、人口趋势灰色模型预测法和排污系数法分别计算了2020-2025年该区域28个县(市、区)的工业GDP值,工业点源废水排放量及主要污染负荷(COD、NH₃-N、TN、TP),农村与城镇人口及生活污染源的主要污染负荷,并利用ArcGIS技术探究了工业点源和生活污染源主要污染负荷空间分布特征。结果表明:2020-2025年,工业GDP值总体呈逐年增加趋势,而工业废水排放量总体呈逐年减少趋势,预计到2025年,流域工业GDP值将增加至2.52×10¹²元,而工业废水排放量将减少至0.64×10⁸ t。工业点源主要污染负荷表现为COD>NH₃-N>TN>TP。沱江流域总人口数与生活污染源污染负荷呈逐年增加趋势,其中城镇人口与生活污染源污染负荷呈逐年增加趋势,农村人口与生活污染源污染负荷呈逐年减少趋势,且城镇人口及生活污染源污染负荷增加量大于农村人口及生活污染源污染负荷减少量。城镇、农村生活污染源的主要污染负荷表现为COD>NH₃-N>TN>TP。工业点源和生活污染源主要污染负荷在空间上存在高度异质性。2025年,来自工业点源的主要污染负荷均呈上游较少,中、下游较多的特征;来自城市生活污染源的主要污染负荷均呈中、上游较多,下游较少的特征;来自农村生活污染源的主要污染负荷均呈中游较多,上、下游较少的特征。笔者提出耦合社会-经济因子预测流域污染负荷的方法可以推广到其他与社会经济指标相关联的流域工业点源、生活污染源污染负荷的预测研究中,以期为未来流域水环境管理与治理提供科学参考。     

废水治理工程验收监测的若干问题

针对废水治理工程验收监测存在的问题，提出了制定监测方案，建立企业污染设施管理制度和验收监测与污染监督监测相结合等具体解决问题的办法，确立为企业服务的思想。     

Characterization and source apportionment of water pollution in Jinjiang River, China

Characterizing water quality and identifying potential pollution sources could greatly improve our knowledge about human impacts on the river ecosystem. In this study, fuzzy comprehensive assessment (FCA), pollution index (PI), principal component analysis (PCA), and absolute principal component score–multiple linear regression (APCS–MLR) were combined to obtain a deeper understanding of temporal–spatial characterization and sources of water pollution with a case study of the Jinjiang River, China. Measurement data were obtained with 17 water quality variables from 20 sampling sites in the December 2010 (withered water period) and June 2011 (high flow period). FCA and PI were used to comprehensively estimate the water quality variables and compare temporal–spatial variations, respectively. Rotated PCA and receptor model (APCS–MLR) revealed potential pollution sources and their corresponding contributions. Application results showed that comprehensive application of various multivariate methods were effective for water quality assessment and management. In the withered water period, most sampling sites were assessed as low or moderate pollution with characteristics pollutants of permanganate index and total nitrogen (TN), whereas 90 % sites were classified as high pollution in the high flow period with higher TN and total phosphorus. Agricultural non-point sources, industrial wastewater discharge, and domestic sewage were identified as major pollution sources. Apportionment results revealed that most variables were complicatedly influenced by industrial wastewater discharge and agricultural activities in withered water period and primarily dominated by agricultural runoff in high flow period.     

Monitoring of water quality and assessment of organic pollution load in the nilüfer stream, Turkey

This article presents the results of an investigation carried out on the Nilüfer stream located in the southern part of Marmara region in Turkey 1999–2003. It evaluates water quality and proposes local requirements to prevent aquatic pollution problems. The study took into account the seasonal influences of point and non-point discharges on the organic pollution levels of the stream. The results indicated sub-standard water quality in most parts of the stream. Untreated domestic wastewaters, industrial discharges and agricultural activities contributed to the total annual organic loading. This study reveals the importance of construction, operation, maintenance and legislation of wastewater collection and treatment programmes, as well as the need for strict control of point and non-point nutrient loads for the preservation of the Nilüfer stream's water quality. Appropriate strategies for the control of point and non-point pollution sources, amendments and enforcement of legislation should be developed.     

Assessing the potentials of Lemna minor in the treatment of domestic wastewater at pilot scale

Water crisis is one of the most serious problems faced by the world today. Phytoremediation is one of the serious efforts towards sustainability. Macrophyte-based wastewater treatment systems have several potential advantages compared with conventional treatment systems. Duckweeds (Lemna spp., Spirodela spp., Wolffia spp.) are small, green freshwater, free-floating aquatic plants. The primary objective of this work was to analyze the role of duckweeds in organic waste and nutrient removal from domestic wastewater being generated from hostels of Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi (India). Interesting results were obtained in which the BOD value reduced by 94.45% and the level of orthophosphate at the end of the work was found to be reduced by 79.39%. The duckweeds flourished well during the experimental period in the pH range of 7 to 8; it can be said that, other factors remaining favorable, the optimum pH for duckweed growth ranges from 7 to 8. Therefore, it can be concluded that this treatment can be successfully carried out on a large scale. Also, it is a low-cost solution to wastewater treatment problems and could satisfy the discharge standards.     

常州市地表水中氨氮输移分析及对策建议

目前常州市地表水中氨氮污染已成为最突出的问题。通过近2年来的监测和调查,参考有关资料和科研成果,估算出常州市地表水中年接纳氨氮总量为17998.0t/a,其中农田径流占32%,上游行政交界来水占30%,而城镇生活污水、农村生活污水、工业废水、城镇地表径流和规模化畜禽养殖等所占比重均不足13%。并据此提出了减轻地表水中氨氮污染的对策建议。