消泡剂硅油Ⅰ在工业废水氨氮测定中的应用

对色泽较深，含杂质量较高的废水加硅油Ⅰ以抑制测定中蒸馏产生的泡沫。结果表明，在２５０水样中加硅油Ｉ０．１０－１．２５ｍｌ，即可收到理想效果。硅油Ｉ性质稳定，不随水蒸汽蒸出，对测定无干扰。     

消泡剂硅油I在工业废水挥发酚测定中的应用

将硅油Ｉ作为消泡剂用于挥发酚测定的预蒸馏处理中,使成分复杂,含表面活性剂的工业废水起泡情况得到了有效抑制。结果表明,在２５０ｍＬ水样中加硅油Ｉ０．１０ｍＬ－１．５ｍＬ即可收到理想效果。消泡剂对测定无干扰。     

消泡剂硅油Ⅰ在工业废水氨氮测定中的应用

消泡剂硅油Ⅰ在工业废水氨氮测定中的应用苏爱梅（山东滨州地区环境监测站，滨州２５６６１４）取色泽很深，杂质含量较高的同一废水样１２份，用加硅油Ⅰ（加入量在０１０～１２５ｍｌ之间）和不加硅油的方法分别对其６份水样进行测定。结果表明，①显著性水准５％时...     

消泡剂硅油Ⅰ在工业废水挥发酚测定中的应用

将硅油Ⅰ作为消泡剂用于挥发酚测定的预蒸馏处理中,使成分复杂、含表面活性剂的工业废水起泡情况得到了有效抑制。结果表明,在２５０ｍＬ水样中加硅油Ⅰ０１０ｍＬ～１５ｍＬ即可收到理想效果。消泡剂对测定无干扰。     

水质中多种挥发性有机物的同时测定

在采用双柱双检测器的基础上，对水中24种挥发性有机物进行了同时测定。当进样体积为5ml时，最低检测限为0．5俐L，线性范围及测定范围为0．5～50倒L，1μg/L和20μg/L浓度水平的加标回收率在80．0％-110％之间，变异系数为0．6％～9．2％，实验结果令人满意。     

硫氰酸盐-抗坏血酸体系流动注射光度法测定水中钼

建立了水中钼的硫氰酸盐一抗坏血酸体系流动注射分光光度测定法，优化了试验条件。方法在0mg／L～16mg／L范围内线性关系良好，检出限为0．19mg／L，废水样品测定的RSD≤I．6％，加标回收率为96．3％～104％，与国家标准方法的测定结果一致。     

上海市危险废物焚烧行业二噁英排放特征研究

通过对上海市危险废物焚烧行业焚烧炉排放烟气数据的分析，结果表明：不管是医疗废物焚烧炉还是一般危险废物焚烧炉，其二蟋英分布规律大致相同；PCDFs对二曝英的贡献率远高于PCDDs；实测检出的二嚼英异构体中，占二嚼英总量比例较大的依次为1，2，3，4，6，7，8-HpCDF、1，2，3，4，6，7，8-HpCDD和OCDD；I—TEQ贡献最高的二嚼英异构体为2，3，4，7，8-PeCDF，贡献率达31．08％～53．56％。17种二喏英异构体与I—TEQ的相关性分析表明，仅2，3，4，7，8-PeCDF在2类焚烧炉中与I—TEQ均存在相关性，其相关系数分别为0．989和0．998，可以作为潜在的测定指示物。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定生活垃圾堆肥产品中铬

通过试验研究，建立了硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解、火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定生活垃圾堆肥产品中的铬。该方法的检出限为5mg/kg（按称取0．5g试样消解定容至50ml计算），用于不同地域堆肥样品中铬的测定，其相对标准偏差（RSD）均在8．90％以下，加标回收率介于90．9％～105．8％之间，可作为一种较理想的检验堆肥产品质量的方法。     

水杨酸-次氯酸盐测定水中氨氮方法的改进

指出文献[1]法中水杨酸-次氯酸盐法测定氨氮时,生成物的颜色并不是蓝色化合物,而是绿色化合物。提出对水杨酸-次氯酸盐法测定氨氮方法的改进,并通过对亚硝基铁氰化钠和次氯酸钠两溶液的用量、pH值的调试等一系列试验研究与探讨,结果表明,当亚硝基铁氰化钠溶液和次氯酸钠溶液的用量分别为0．20ml和0．10ml时,显色颜色为蓝色。尤其是当显色溶液的pH值在11．60-11．62之间,溶液吸光值尤为稳定。     

吹扫—捕集／气相色谱法测定水中挥发性有机物

为提高样品分析效率，研究并建立了吹扫-捕集／气相色谱／氢火焰检测器联用同时测定水中1，2-二氯乙烷、苯、甲苯、氯苯、乙苯、对-二甲苯、间-二甲苯、苯乙烯、邻-二甲苯、异丙苯、1，4-二氯苯、1，2-二氯苯、硝基苯、1，3，5-三氯苯、1，2，4-三氯苯、1，2，3-三氯苯、六氯丁二烯17种挥发性有机物的分析方法。结果表明，当进样体积为25．0ml时，最低检出限为0．0034-0．1088μg/L，相对标准偏差为1．8％～6．4％，加标平均回收率为97．6％-105．8％。该方法可快速、简便、准确、高灵敏度的测定水中17种挥发性有机物，并适用于饮用水和地表水中挥发性有机物的测定。     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations,mutagenicity, and Microtox® acute toxicity testing of Peruvian crude oil and oil-contaminated water and sediment

The oil industry is a major source of contamination in Peru, and wastewater and sediments containing oil include harmful substances that may have acute and chronic effects. This study determined polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations by GC/MS, mutagenicity using TA98 and TA100 bacterial strains with and without metabolic activation in the Muta-ChromoPlate? test, and Microtox® 5-min EC₅₀ values of Peruvian crude oil, and water and sediment pore water from the vicinity of San José de Saramuro on the Marañón River and Villa Trompeteros on the Corrientes River in Loreto, Peru. The highest total PAH concentration in both areas was found in water (Saramuro?=?210.15 μg/ml, Trompeteros?=?204.66 μg/ml). Total PAH concentrations in water from San José de Saramuro ranged from 9.90 to 210.15 μg/ml (mean?=?66.48 μg/ml), while sediment pore water concentrations ranged from 2.19 to 70.41 μg/ml (mean?=?24.33 μg/ml). All water samples tested from Saramuro and Trompeteros sites, and one out of four sediment pore water samples from Trompeteros, were found to be mutagenic (P?<?0.001). One sediment pore water sample in Saramuro was determined to have a measurable toxicity (Microtox EC₅₀?=?335.1 mg/l), and in Trompeteros, the EC₅₀ in water and sediment pore water ranged from 25.67 to 133.86 mg/l. Peruvian crude oil was mutagenic using the TA98 strain with metabolic activation, and the EC₅₀ was 17.18 mg/l. The two areas sampled had very high PAH concentrations that were most likely associated with oil activities, but did not lead to acute toxic effects. However, since most of the samples were mutagenic, it is thought that there is a greater potential for chronic effects.     

蒸馏体积100ml测定水中氰化物探讨

实验表明，水中氰化物测定，蒸馏体积１００ｍｌ即能达到环境监测技术要求，与标准方法规定蒸馏体积２００ｍｌ相比，可提高工效、节约用电和节省试剂。     

河口水中矿物油分析的研究

紫外分光光度法在河口水中矿物油测定中，存在着标准油品的选择、水样萃取的乳化处理及河口水样测定方法选择等问题。提出了解决存在问题的可行方法，进一步完善测定方法。     

粉煤灰吸附处理炼油污水中石油类物质的应用研究

以炼油污水气浮后用于冲灰为目的,对粉煤灰吸附炼油污水中的石油类物质进行了初步研究,主要研究了水灰比、与油水的混合时间、静置沉淀时间等因素对粉煤灰吸附石油类效率的影响。研究表明,水灰比对粉煤灰吸附石油类效率的影响最显著。通过正交试验法,找出了粉煤灰处理炼油污水的最优工艺参数组合,为指导现场工作提供了理论依据。同时对粉煤灰吸附处理炼油污水中石油类的性能进行了研究,证实在常温状态下粉煤灰对石油类的吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程。     

低浓度石油类测定过程中的问题探讨

分析了影响低浓度石油类测定的一些因素,通过合理的方法克服这些影响因素之后,测定结果才能准确可靠。试验测得1000ml水样直接萃取法测定石油类的方法检出限为0.01mg/L,证明用该方法可以定量测定石油类浓度在0.05mg/L附近的低浓度水样。     

APPLICABILITY OF EVALUATING THE ABILITY OF MICROBES ISOLATED FROM AN OIL SPILL SITE TO DEGRADE OIL

Hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms were isolated byenrichment techniques from soil and water samples collectedfrom an oil spill site in the Niger delta area of Nigeria. Theisolates included species of {it Micrococcus, Pseudomonas,Bacillus, Aeromonas, Serratia, Proteus, Penicillium,Aspergillus, Candida, Geotrichum} and {it Rhizopus}. Oilbiodegradation potentials of the isolates were evaluated usingNigerian Forcados blend crude oil as sole carbon source inmineral salts medium. There were quantitative changes in theoil content due to microbial degradative activities.Degradation was more pronounced with mixed cultures than withsingle cultures of the microorganisms. The growth responses ofselected isolates to varying concentrations of crude oilshowed that while the growth of {it Pseudomonas, Micrococcus,Aspergillus} and {it Candida} species was not inhibited byincreasing concentrations of the crude oil, that of {itSerratia} and {it Rhizopus} was significantly ({it p} <0.05) suppressed.     

Passive sampling: partition coefficients for a silicone rubber reference phase

Silicone rubber sheeting can be used as a passive sampling device for hydrophobic organic contaminants in the environment to determine the available concentrations in water and sediments. Reliable sampler-water partition coefficients are required to determine the sampling rates and the dissolved contaminant concentrations in water and in sediment pore water. Log partition coefficients (logK(sr,w)) for silicone rubber-water have been estimated for 32 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 2 deuterated PAH analogues and 32 chlorobiphenyls (CBs) using the cosolvent method, with methanol as cosolvent. Strong linear relationships were found with literature values for the corresponding log octanol-water partition coefficients (logK(ow)) for both CBs and PAHs, confirming that partitioning into the silicone rubber is strongly determined by the hydrophobicity of the compounds, which suggests logK(ow) is a good predictor of logK(sr,w) and that absorption is the main mechanism for accumulation of analytes into the silicone rubber polymer.     

Detection of bacterial endotoxin in drinking tap and bottled water in Kuwait

This study was carried out to measure and compare the concentration of bacterial endotoxin in a variety of samples from drinking tap and bottled water available in Kuwait by using the Limulus Amoebocyte lysate test. A total of 29 samples were tested. Samples were collected from a variety of locations throughout the six governorates of Kuwait and 23 brands of local and imported bottled water samples were collected from the local market. The concentration of bacterial endotoxin was measured by using the standard Limulus Amoebocyte lysate test, gel clot method. This study showed that measured endotoxin concentrations in tap drinking water varied from 2.4 to 33.8?EU/ml with the average endotoxin concentration of 14.2?EU/ml. While the results of endotoxin concentrations in the bottled water were <0.03 to 20.1?EU/ml with an average of 1.96?EU/ml. The average concentration of endotoxin in bottled water is 13.5 % of the average concentration of endotoxin in tap drinking water. This experimental investigation has proved that drinking bottled water has less endotoxin as compared to tap water in Kuwait. It is also demonstrated that the endotoxin concentration did not exceed the acceptable level in drinking tap water.     

地面水中石油类样品的采集及分析结果的表达

作者利用石油类微溶或不溶于水，一般都漂浮于地面水表面的性质，研制出一种新型装置——油膜采样器来采集漂浮态的石油类样品，并提出用单位水体表面面积的含油量，作为对水体中石油类污染物监测结果的计量单位     

河流重油泄漏事故的应急监测

介绍了河流重油泄漏事故的应急监测,包括监测方案制定、监测点位设置、分析对象确定、跟踪监测、数据分析等。重油污染可通过监测水体中的石油类进行。监测结果表明,重油泄漏事故在短期内对水环境造成了严重影响,清除完全后,水体可逐步恢复正常。重油污染具有一定的持久性,在事发后需要对水体进行长期的跟踪监测。