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通过大量的对实际样品的实验分析和作者本人多年的实践经验,对国标中水质石油类和动植物油的红外分光光度法分析标准提出几点探讨说明,并对该方法做了部分修改,已应用于实际分析工作中,效果不错. 相似文献
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化学需氧量作为水质分析中的常规项目,在实际工作中常受诸多因素影响,为有效地减少实验误差,本文以空白实验值作为质控手段,分析了实验用水、化学试剂的质量、加热时间、加热温度等因素对CODcr实验结果的影响,并提出了改进措施。 相似文献
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采用国标《碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法》( HJ 636-2012)测定水中总氮( TN),虽然实验步骤简单,但影响因素较多,需严格控制实验条件。本文针对含量在方法检出限0.05 mg/L附近的微量总氮水样,从实验用水、器皿的处置、试剂的配制与存放、消解样品的制作与冷却时间等方面考察了总氮空白值的控制、校准曲线的选取等影响因素,优化了实验条件,结果令人满意。 相似文献
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采用电感耦合等离子光谱和质谱法对超纯水、去离子水和蒸馏水3种实验用水进行半定量和定量分析。通过对主要相关元素的分析结果比较,超纯水的水质优于其他两种,更适宜作为无机元素痕量分析的实验用水。 相似文献
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在亚硝酸盐氮的测定中,文献[1]要求,配制亚硝酸盐氮标准贮备液,需经标定后才能使用。此标定过程既繁琐、费时费力,又浪费药品试剂,不利于样品的及时分析。针对这种情况,我们经过长期的实验,采用精确称量亚硝酸钠配制高浓度贮备液,省略标定过程的方法(以下简称“本法”)进行探讨,并用于绘制校准曲线和样品的测定,实践证明方法是可行的,完全能满足环境监测分析要求。1 实验方法1.1 试剂及仪器0.5g/L高浓度亚硝酸钠标准贮备液:精确称量1.232g亚硝酸钠(NaNO2),溶于水,移入500ml容量瓶中,用水… 相似文献
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目前常用红外分光光度法(GB/T16488-1996)测定地表水中石油类,该方法规定空白用水为蒸馏水或同等纯度水。根据多次实验发现,常规的空白用水会使试验结果出现异常。故对空白用水的选择和制备进行了试验。1 空白试验实验证实,蒸馏水、去离子水、自来水空白吸光值波动性较大,不宜直接用于空白试验用水。未受污染的源头水及锅炉冷凝水空白吸光值较低,但取水不易,且很难排除偶然性的外界干扰。2 空白用水的制备2 1 活性炭吸附柱的制备和实验用水的纯化先将实验用分析纯颗粒状活性炭(天津市津北精细化工厂500g/袋)活化。取1000g颗粒状活… 相似文献
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正交实验能在多因素下分清各因素在实验中的主次作用并找出较好的运行方案.它运用数学上的方差分析,简便而科学,具有普遍的意义.本文用正交实验对挥发酚测定中影响空白值大小因素进行简单处理,供从事水质分析的同仁参考,对水环境监测的实际工作也有一定的指导意义. 相似文献
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海水中挥发酚制备时,磷酸的添加量对检测结果的准确性会有较大影响。本文通过改进挥发酚的蒸馏方法进行测定,得出比较准确的结果。同时对漳州沿海典型海水养殖区的挥发酚进行了检测。结果显示,各养殖区挥发酚的含量均在0.006~0.013mg/L之间,超过了《海水水质标准》(GB3097—1997)的第二类海水水质标准。 相似文献
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冷原子荧光法测定地面水和土壤中的痕量总汞 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
本文推导了汞元素冷原子荧光测试的理论公式,着重研究了载气种类;载气流速;工作电压;水蒸气;介质酸度;还原剂用量等10项因素对测定结果准确度的影响,确定了最佳实验条件,提出了地面水和土壤中痕量总汞的测试方法。同时分析了汞元素冷原子荧光法的系统误差和消除或减少系统误差的方法。 相似文献
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节能加热法测定高锰酸盐指数 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用节能加热法代替水浴法测定高锰酸盐指数。使加热时间同30min缩短为10min,省时省电。经试验,该法与水浴法测定结果一致,可用于 批量环境监测样品分析。 相似文献
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改进密切值法在阳澄湖水质评价中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以阳澄湖水质分析为例,利用改进密切值法分别对其东、中、西3个湖区湖体水质进行评价。结果表明,在复杂的湖泊生态系统水质评价中,该方法不仅具有模型构建简便灵活、计算量小、结果直观的特点,而且区别于以往笼统的将不同时段、不同区域湖体水质判断为某一类标准的评价模式,能够客观准确地分析不同时空的水质分布规律,预判水质变化趋势,同时区别于将污染指标等权处理或忽略指标权重的评价方式,通过引进熵权法计算权重判断主要污染因子,使湖泊生态系统水质评价结果更真实合理。 相似文献
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由污水常规监测及实验室内质控样的分析结果,进行比较分析,获取经验常数,确立BOD_5与CODcr存在线性关系,可由CODcr计算BOD_5的近似值,引用经验公式,直接确定取样体积,对BOD_5常规测试方法进行了改良,以达到降低工作强度,提高监测人员工作效率的目的。 相似文献
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离子色谱法测定环境水样阴离子处理方法的试验 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文研究了离子色谱法测定环境水样中阴离子时样品的一般处理方法。该方法以固体无水碳酸钠处理水样并以酚酞指示剂指示处理的终点,以邻苯二甲酸除去样品碱性干扰,以活性炭吸附水样中的有机物和酚酞指示剂。研究测试和监测实践的结果表明,该方法应用于环境监测简单可靠。 相似文献
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Water quality assessment is an important basic work in the development, utilization, management, and protection of water resources, and also a prerequisite for water safety. In this paper, the harmony degree equation (HDE) was introduced into the research of water quality assessment, and a new method for water quality assessment was proposed according to the HDE: by harmony degree equation (WQA-HDE). First of all, the calculation steps and ideas of this method were described in detail, and then, this method with some other important methods of water quality assessment (single factor assessment method, mean-type comprehensive index assessment method, and multi-level gray correlation assessment method) were used to assess the water quality of the Shaying River (the largest tributary of the Huaihe in China). For this purpose, 2 years (2013–2014) dataset of nine water quality variables covering seven monitoring sites, and approximately 189 observations were used to compare and analyze the characteristics and advantages of the new method. The results showed that the calculation steps of WQA-HDE are similar to the comprehensive assessment method, and WQA-HDE is more operational comparing with the results of other water quality assessment methods. In addition, this new method shows good flexibility by setting the judgment criteria value HD0 of water quality; when HD0?=?0.8, the results are closer to reality, and more realistic and reliable. Particularly, when HD0?=?1, the results of WQA-HDE are consistent with the single factor assessment method, both methods are subject to the most stringent “one vote veto” judgment condition. So, WQA-HDE is a composite method that combines the single factor assessment and comprehensive assessment. This research not only broadens the research field of theoretical method system of harmony theory but also promotes the unity of water quality assessment method and can be used for reference in other comprehensive assessment. 相似文献
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The Environment Agency for England and Wales is required to take account of likely costs and benefits in carrying out its
duties. Given the complex nature of environmental problems, this task requires sensitivity to issues such as uncertainty,
multiple objectives and conflicting value systems. This paper describes a multi-attribute methodology used to carry out this
duty in one area of the Agency's work, the regulation of the water industry. The method includes nine attributes measuring
the benefits from water quality improvement schemes, and one attribute measuring scheme costs. It is a workable method that
clearly satisfies the requirements for the Environment Agency to take account of the costs and benefits of its actions. Refinements
are suggested to improve the individual attribute scores, the weights used in prioritisation and the incorporation of costs.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献