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燃煤电厂烟气降温过程中多环芳烃分布特征 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
分别以燃用褐煤与烟煤无烟煤的2个电厂为例,研究2个电厂烟气降温过程中多环芳烃的分布及转化特征。研究表明,萘、菲、苯并[a]蒽和苯并[a]芘4种多环芳烃在烟气降温过程中呈过渡分子状态,在适当的条件下,存在相互转化的可能性;萘、菲、苯并[a]蒽和苯并[a]芘在不同的电厂随飞灰粒径变化所表现出来的吸附特性不同,颗粒的粒度影响多环芳烃的形成与吸附。在烟气降温过程中飞灰表面吸附的萘、菲、苯并[a]蒽和苯并[a]芘含量随着飞灰粒径的变小呈现出逐渐增加的趋势。 相似文献
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以河南省3类典型工业区域为例,分析研究其土壤中多环芳烃类化合物的种类组成及含量分布特征,结果表明:3类典型工业区域周边土壤中均检出14种PAHs,其中萘、芘、艹屈 、苯并[a]蒽具有较高的检出水平;大型化工企业周边土壤中PAHs的检出率高于油田和工业园区;检出的14种PAHs的总质量比均值,大型化工企业明显高于油田和工业园区;3类典型工业区域土壤中PAHs测定值明显高于背景值,表明土壤已受到PAHs的影响;来源分析表明,PAHs的污染主要源自石油和燃料的燃烧. 相似文献
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对淮安市5个区域土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染状况进行了调查和分析,结果表明:被调查区域土壤中PAHs的平均质量比为1 641 μg/kg,城市附近区域--淮海南路旁农田、大运河畔城南农田、北京新村土壤中PAHs的质量比最高,分别为3 421 μg/kg、1 730 μg/kg和1 779 μg/kg,其污染特征因子为苊、菲、荧蒽、(艹屈)、茚并[1,2,3-c,d]芘、苯并[g,h,I]苝等;远离城市的区域--洪泽湖畔农田、洪泽湖大墩岛农田土壤中PAHs质量比较低,分别为716.3 μg/kg、560.9 μg/kg,污染特征因子为芴、苊、菲、(艹屈)等. 相似文献
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比较加压液体萃取法、超声波辅助萃取技术和微波辅助提取技术对公园地表土中多环芳烃的提取效率,并对目标化学成分进行分析鉴定。以超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱作为分析方法,共分离检测出16种多环芳烃类化合物,分别为萘、苊、苊烯、氟、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]蒽、艹屈、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘和苯并[ghi]苝。结果表明:加压液体萃取法、超声波辅助萃取技术和微波辅助提取技术均可以有效提取公园地表土中多环芳烃类成分。超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术可以有效地分析公园地表土中多环芳烃类成分。 相似文献
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对兰州市春季不同功能区大气降尘有机质中多环芳烃(PAHs)种类进行分析,采用GC/MS法检出了大气降尘中有机质USEPA优控PAHs有11种以上,含量较高的集中于萘(NAP)、荧蒽(FLUA)、菲(PHE)、芘(PYR)、[艹屈](CHR),占各采样点PAHs总量的70%以上。源解析表明兰州市各功能区大气降尘PAHs来源不仅有较高的燃煤源、交通源(汽车尾气),同时PAHs的组成与分布也在很大程度上受到采样点周围居民居住环境的影响。对照有关的沉积物质量标志水平,兰州市城关区各站点都有PAHs浓度超出相应质量警戒水平,属高生态风险区 相似文献
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天津城郊土壤中PAHs含量特征及来源解析 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
以天津市郊环城四区为研究对象,系统采集了环城四区95个表层土壤样品,利用高效液相色谱仪对16种PAHs进行分析测定,结果表明,西青、东丽、津南和北辰土壤中16种PAHs的总量范围分别为62.6~1 994.9、36.1~4 074.7、20.1~2 502.5、22.1~707.7μg/kg;平均含量分别为445.8、841.8、509.5、242.5μg/kg。四区中都以高环多环芳烃为主,西青、东丽、北辰和津南高环多环芳烃分别占多环芳烃总比例的45.4%、42.2%、38.8%和38.7%。空间分析的结果表明,靠近天津市市区样点土壤中多环芳烃的含量要明显高于远离市区土壤中多环芳烃的含量。利用环数PAHs的相对丰度和比值法对天津市郊环城四区土壤中多环芳烃的污染来源进行了解析,研究区土壤监测样点的PAHs主要来自燃烧源,少部分来自石油类来源或几种污染源的共同复合累加的作用。 相似文献
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武汉市东西湖农场表层土壤中多环芳烃的含量分布特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对武汉市东西湖农场土壤中多环芳烃的含量调查表明,除紧靠马路边、居民区的土壤中多环芳烃的浓度高于荷兰制定的土壤修复标准之外,其余地方均在此标准值之内,其中主要是高环多环芳烃含量超标严重。证明了汽车尾气所排放的多环芳烃要高于居民日常生活的排放量。多环芳烃在水平方向上的迁移存在色谱效应。 相似文献
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Ciardullo S Taviani G Mattei R Caroli S 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2005,7(12):1332-1334
As a part the Italian National Programme of Research in Antarctica (PNRA) a monitoring study has been undertaken to quantify the concentrations of some selected trace elements in human hair of participants in the Antarctic expeditions. Such concentrations may vary as a consequence of the extreme environmental conditions and changes in lifestyle experienced by participants in the expeditions, as some evidence in previous investigations seems to suggest. The present study regards samples collected on the occasion of the 2002-2003 expedition to the Italian Base of Terra Nova Bay (now Mario Zucchelli Base), i.e., just before the expedition and about one month later. Seven essential elements were taken into account, namely, Ca, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn and Mo. Determinations were performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and Dynamic Reaction Cell Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (DRC-ICP-MS). Data obtained were statistically treated by using the non-parametric Friedman test. The concentrations of Ca, Cu and Mg were found to decrease (P < 0.05). The stress caused by the severe environmental conditions might well play a role in the observed decrease. 相似文献
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Distribution of natural radionuclides in surface soils in the vicinity of abandoned uranium mines in Serbia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Milan Momčilović Jovan Kovačević Milan Tanić Milan Đorđević Goran Bačić Snežana Dragović 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(2):1319-1329
The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in soils from the area affected by uranium mining at Stara Planina Mountain in Serbia were studied and compared with the results obtained from an area with no mining activities (background area). In the affected area, the activity concentrations ranged from 1.75 to 19.2 mg kg?1 for uranium and from 1.57 to 26.9 mg kg?1 for thorium which is several-fold higher than those in the background area. The Th/U, K/U, and K/Th activity ratios were also determined and compared with data from similar studies worldwide. External gamma dose rate in the air due to uranium, thorium, and potassium at 1 m above ground level in the area affected by uranium mining was found to be 91.3 nGy h?1, i.e., about two-fold higher than that in background area. The results of this preliminary study indicate the importance of radiological evaluation of the area and implementation of remedial measures in order to prevent further dispersion of radionuclides in the environment. 相似文献
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A preliminary study to determine the profile of PAHs in the exhaust of gasoline vehicles in Delhi was conducted. Three different
types of vehicles (cars, autorickshaws and scooters) were selected with different age groups for sampling purpose. The concentration
of Total PAHs (Σ12PAHs) was found to be 27.27 ± 2.27, 28.61 ± 3.70 and 29.81 ± 3.57 mg/g in the exhaust of cars, auto- rickshaws (three wheelers)
and two wheelers, respectively. The levels of PAHs were found to be high in scooter exhaust as compared to that of cars and
autorickshaws. The total PAHs concentration in the present study was found to be higher as compared to other studies. Such
a high concentration could be attributed to different parameters like the age of the vehicles, driving conditions, the fuel
quality and the emission standards. 相似文献
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Obiri S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,130(1-3):455-463
Concentrations of heavy metals in the borehole at Dumasi in the Wassa West District of the Republic of Ghana have been measured
in this study. The concentrations of the following metals in the ground water from Dumasi borehole are: Iron (Fe) – 7.52 ppm,
Manganese (Mn) – 1.11 ppm, Arsenic (As) – 4.52 ppm, Chromium (Cr) – 0.026 ppm, Cobalt (Co) – 0.01 ppm, Zinc (Zn) – 0.007 ppm,
Cadmium (Cd) – 0.002 ppm and Lead (Pb) – 0.005 ppm. The results of the study show that resident adults and children who use
water from the boreholes are at serious risk from exposure to health hazards associated with exposure to the above metals
in the boreholes in Dumasi. If the results of this study are applied to other mining communities, which lie on the Birimian
and Tarkwaian rock system, then the residents are at serious risk from exposure to toxic metals from drinking water from the
boreholes dug for them by mining companies operating in their communities. 相似文献
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The concentrations of 210Pb in the atmosphere of Kuwait Cityhave been monitored over a period of five years (January 1994 toDecember 1998) using cellulose air filters for analysis with liquid scintillation counting for gross beta. Results show thatthe distribution of daily averaged 210Pb concentrations varied from 0.002 to 2.53 mBqm-3 with an average of 0.896 mBqm-3 and a geometric mean of 0.687 mBqm-3. The studysuggests that the existence of 210Pb in air in Kuwait originates mainly from re-circulated fraction of 210Pb whichwas already deposited on ground surface, not from direct decay of radon.The long-term trend pattern for the five years shows a seasonalvariation with maximum concentrations occurring in the autumn season. 相似文献
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石家庄市冬季大气中VOCs污染特征分析 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
为弄清石家庄市冬季大气中VOCs的污染特征,采用美国环保局TO-15方法对石家庄市冬季大气中VOCs组成进行了定性和定量分析。在此基础上,进行了VOCs的月度变化分析、春节期间的变化分析,并进行了VOCs与空气质量指数AQI、PM2.5等之间的相关性分析;根据VOCs组成及变化情况和相关性,分析了其可能的来源。结果表明,石家庄市冬季大气中VOCs的质量浓度为145.7~1 410.7μg/m3,VOCs组分主要有丙酮、二氯甲烷、苯、乙酸乙酯、甲苯、1,2-二氯丙烷、三氯甲烷。春节期间,大气中VOCs的浓度有大幅的下降,比日常均值下降了40.9%。AQI较高时,大气中VOCs浓度有所升高。石家庄市冬季大气中丙酮、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯等主要来源于医药化工生产活动,苯、甲苯主要来源于煤燃烧。 相似文献