离子色谱法测定地表水和饮用水中亚氯酸盐、溴酸盐和氯酸盐

采用KOH梯度淋洗离子色谱法测定地表水和饮用水中ClO2-、BrO3-和ClO3-，在试验确定的条件下，3种离子与F-、Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO2-4、Br-、I-等7种离子分离度良好。 ClO2-、BrO3-、ClO3-在50．0μg/L～1000μg/L范围内线性良好，检出限分别为5．2μg/L、8．9μg/L、7．6μg/L，环境水样加标平行测定的RSD分别为2．1％～5．4％、4．1％～5．4％、2．5％～4．8％，两个质量浓度水平加标的平均回收率分别为93．7％～96．5％、90．3％～94．8％、98．7％～111％。     

前处理方法对水体总磷测定值的影响研究

研究了水样静置30 min和全部混合立即测定2种前处理方法对江苏省环太湖15条主要出入湖河流总磷测定值的影响,结果表明,采样后静置30 min测定的总磷浓度较低,仅为全部混匀立即测定总磷浓度的46%～80%;水体中漂浮水华蓝藻数量是影响2种前处理方法总磷测定结果差异性的重要因素,去除漂浮水华蓝藻较多的7条入湖河流监测数据后,静置30 min测定的总磷浓度为全部混匀立即测定总磷浓度的71%～80%。提出,基于不同的测定目的,应有针对性地选择总磷前处理方法,在水环境质量状况评估时,可参照国家标准或最新技术规定的前处理方法执行,以保证总磷浓度的可比性;在进行总磷入湖通量研究时,建议采用全部混合立即测定的前处理方法,以反映水体中实际总磷浓度;在不同国家水体总磷浓度比较时,建议采用相同的前处理方法进行总磷浓度测定。     

浅谈用离子色谱法测定水体中阴离子含量时影响阴离子分离度的因素

通过对F^-、Cl^-、NO2^-、PO4^3-、NO3^-、SO4^2-等阴离子测定条件的研究，提出阴离子之间的分离度和淋洗程度与淋洗液的比例及判峰参数的设置等有密切关系。     

钼锑抗光度法测定鱼饲料中的总磷

研究了钼锑抗光度法测定鱼饲料中的总磷，采用鱼饲料样品经550～600℃高温前处理．选择了最佳显色还原剂的用量及显色还原温度和时间，方法的变异系数为1．8％～5．7％，回收率达98．0％～100．5％，最低检出浓度为0．5mg／kg.该方法操作简便，颜色稳定，灵敏度高．     

浅谈离子色谱法连续对多种阴离子进行定性和定量分析

介绍了离子色谱法连续测定样品中F^-、Cl^-、NO3^-、SO4^2-8的浓度，体现了当代离子色谱的发展潮流．     

高效离子色谱法检测F- 、CH3 COO- 、HCOO- 、Cl - 的方法研究

在对离子色谱分析的研究过程中，建立了以0.12mmol/L Na2CO3和0.15mmol/L Na2HCO3为淋洗液，12.5mmol/L H2SO4为微膜抑制器的再生液，用HPIC－AS3串联HPIC－AG3的色谱系统，一次进样50mL可在8min内检测出μg/L级的F^-、CH3COO^-、HCOO^-、Cl^-，方法简便、经济快捷。经实验，甲酸、乙酸的检出限分别为2.56μg/L和17.4μg/L,F^-、Cl^-为1.87μg/L和8.82μg/L；方法精密度的相对标准差在0．4％－2．0％范围，样品加标回收率在97．7％－103．5％之间，完全能够满足降水样品和大气样品中F^-、Cl^-和低碳有机酸（甲酸、乙酸）的分析要求。在同一系统中只需要增加淋洗液浓度，采用一级梯度洗淋亦可完成对同一样品中其他阴离子（NO3^-、SO4^2-、PO4^3-）的检测。     

石家庄市大气颗粒物中水溶性无机离子污染特征研究

用超声萃取－离子色谱法分析了石家庄市大气颗粒物中8种水溶性无机离子。结果表明，NO3－、SO2－4、NH4＋及 Ca2＋为主要组分；各个离子的质量浓度均有季节及空间变化差异；不同粒径颗粒物中 SO2－4和 NO3－相关性均很好，NH4＋与 SO2－4、NO3－在细颗粒物中具有良好的相关性，Ca2＋在粗粒子中与 NO3－和 SO2－4的相关性也较好。SO2－4／NO3－质量比季节变化表明，春、夏季固定源与流动源对大气颗粒物贡献相当，秋季流动源贡献较大，冬季固定源贡献较大。PM2．5中SO2与SO2－4、NO2与 NO3－转化率表明，SO2－4、NO3－主要是由二次转化而来。     

超高效液相色谱紫外-三重四级杆质谱检测器联用测定地表水中甲萘威

采用二氯甲烷提取地表水，浓缩后经超高效液相色谱紫外-三重四级杆质谱检测器联用测定甲萘威。试验表明：紫外检测器测定甲萘威，在2．00μg/L～500μg/L范围内线性良好，相关系数为0．9992，检出限为0．500μg/L；三重四级杆质谱检测器测定甲萘威，在0．100μg/L～200μg/L范围内线性良好，相关系数为0．9990，检出限为0．009μg/L；实际水样3个浓度水平的加标回收率为92．4％～98．4％，RSD为2．5％～6．5％。该方法中双检测器联用测定地表水加标样品，使得定性定量更加准确。     

2 ,4-二硝基苯肼固相吸附/高效液相色谱法测定车内空气中醛酮类物质

建立了2，4-二硝基苯肼固相吸附／高效液相色谱同时测定车内空气中4种醛酮类物质的方法，研究了固相吸附采样和前处理方法，优化了试验条件。4种醛酮类物质在一定质量范围内工作曲线线性良好，甲醛、乙醛、丙烯醛、丙酮的检出限分别为0．075μg／m^3、0．207μg／m^3、0．715μg／m^3、0．159μg／m^3（按采样体积12L计），实际样品测定的RSD为7.5％-9．7％。     

离子色谱分析中淋洗液对Cl^-的测定影响

PIC-8型离子色谱仪测定样品中的Cl^-、NO3^-、SO4^2-时，通过对样品中加入淋洗液与不加入淋洗液的测定结果进行比较分析，可以看出淋洗液的添加对NO3^-、SO4^2-测定结果不产生影响，但对Cl^-有较大影响，通过保持相同实验条件可以避免这一情况的发生，同时也减少了操作步骤，缩短分析时间，提高了工作效率．     

抑制型电导-离子色谱法测定水中无机阴离子

采用抑制型电导-离子色谱法测定生活饮用水、污水和地表水中F-、Cl-、NO2-、Br-、NO3-、PO43-、SO42-等7种无机阴离子,对清洁水样过滤后直接测定,浑浊样品离心后取上清液过滤测定。F-在0.100 mg/L~1.20 mg/L范围内、其余6种阴离子在1.00 mg/L~12.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.031 mg/L~0.47 mg/L,水样平行测定的RSD为0.9%~1.8%,加标回收率为82.6%~110%。     

乌鲁木齐市可吸入颗粒物水溶性离子特征及来源解析

采暖期时在乌鲁木齐市采集了环境空气中的可吸入颗粒物,对可吸入颗粒物质量浓度及8种水溶性离子的特征和来源进行了分析。结果表明,细粒子和粗粒子的月平均质量浓度分别是53.5～233.3μg/m3和38.9～60.9μg/m3;细粒子和粗粒子中水溶性离子主要由SO24-、NH4+和NO3-组成;粗粒子中NH4+与NO3-和SO24-的相关性分别是0.70和0.66,细粒子中NH4+与NO3-和SO24-的相关性分别是0.89和0.93,铵盐是乌鲁木齐可吸入颗粒物主要存在形式;煤烟尘是乌鲁木齐市采暖期可吸入颗粒物的主要来源。     

离子色谱法测定地表水中总氮

采用碱性过硫酸钾消解水样，OnGuardⅡBa柱萃取、过滤，去除消解液中大量硫酸盐，离子色谱法测定地表水中总氮含量。试验表明，方法在0ms／L～20．0mg／L之间线性良好，相关系数r为0．9994，方法检出限为0．007mg／L。该方法与国标法同时测定标准物质，测定值均在定值范围内，6次平行测定结果的RSD分别为2．3％和1．8％，地表水样的加标回收率为95．7％～105％。实际水样的测定结果与国标法比对，无明显差异。     

水和废水中总氮的现场快速分析方法研究

在现行水中总氮分析方法的基础上，利用便携式分光光度计和密封消解管，实验了过硫酸钾氧化、硫酸联氨还原、重氮－偶联反应的最佳条件，讨论了碱性过硫酸钾溶液用量及硫酸联氨溶液用量对分析结果的影响，从而建立了水体总氮的碱性过硫酸盐消解－分光光度分析方法，该方法可在现场简便快速地测定水和废水中的总氮。     

Simultaneous extraction of bromide, chloride, fluoride and sulfate from soils, waste- and building materials

The simultaneous extraction of bromide, chloride, fluoride and sulfate was studied in soils, waste- and building materials. Acid, neutral and alkaline extractants were used; 0.01 mol l(-1) H(3)PO(4), milliQ-water and 0.01 mol l(-1) NaOH, respectively. The extracts were analysed by ion chromatography and ion selective electrode. Extracted concentrations were compared with the amount obtained by an alkaline smelt, as an approximation of the total extractable content. The results indicate that there is a significant difference in extraction behaviour between waste- and building materials and soils. Bromide and chloride were in general completely extracted from the former solid materials, but less than 10% and 50%, respectively, from soils. Fluoride is strongly bound in all investigated samples; less than 10% of the total content was extracted with any of the three extractants. The fraction of extracted sulfate varied between 4 and 87% of the total content, and was in general larger in waste- and building materials than in soils. Differences in extracted concentration between the 3 extractants occurred mainly for fluoride and sulfate. Extracted bromide was similar with all three extractants and extracted chloride showed differences for the various soil samples only. Increasing the NaOH concentration up to 1 mol l(-1) resulted mainly in an increase of extracted amount of fluoride and for soils also in extracted amounts of bromide and sulfate. Although, the results show that the composition of the solid material strongly influences the final pH of the extract and the extracted amount of investigated anions, application of Milli-Q water as an extractant might be a very fruitful option within the development of the Dutch Building Materials Decree.     

Metal immobilization and phosphorus leaching after stabilization of pyrite ash contaminated soil by phosphate amendments

In this study we would like to show the importance of a holistic approach to evaluation of chemical stabilization using phosphate amendments. An extensive evaluation of metal stabilization in contaminated soil and an evaluation of the leaching of phosphorus induced after treatment were performed. The soil was highly contaminated with Cu (2894 mg kg(-1)), Zn (3884 mg kg(-1)), As (247 mg kg(-1)), Cd (12.6 mg kg(-1)) and Pb (3154 mg kg(-1)). To immobilize the metals, mixtures of soil with phosphate (from H(3)PO(4) and hydroxyapatite (HA) with varying ratios) were prepared with a constant Pb : P molar ratio of 1: 10. The acetic acid extractable concentration of Pb in the mixture with the highest amount of added phosphoric acid (n(H(3)PO(4)) : n(HA) = 3 : 1) was reduced to 1.9% (0.62 mg L(-1)) of the extractable Pb concentration in the untreated soil, but the content of water extractable phosphorus in the samples increased from 0.04 mg L(-1) in the untreated soil sample up to 14.3 mg L(-1) in the same n(H(3)PO(4)) : n(HA) = 3 : 1 mixture. The high increase in arsenic mobility was also observed after phosphate addition. The PBET test showed phosphate induced reduction in Pb bioavailability. In attempting to stabilize Pb in the soil with the minimum treatment-induced leaching of phosphorus, it was found that a mixture of soil with phosphate addition in the molar ratio of H(3)PO(4) : HA of 0.75 : 1 showed the most promising results, with an acetic acid extractable Pb concentration of 1.35 mg L(-1) and a water extractable phosphorus concentration of 1.76 mg L(-1). The time-dependent leaching characteristics of metals and phosphorus for this mixture were evaluated by a column experiment, where irrigation of the soil mixture with the average annual amount of precipitation in Slovenia (1000 mm) was simulated. The phosphorus concentration in the leachates decreased from 2.60 mg L(-1) at the beginning of irrigation to 1.00 mg L(-1) at the end.     

氯化铵-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定地表水中的总铬

应用原子吸收法测定水样中的总铬，在不同条件下对空白样品、标准样品和实际样品进行试验分析，进一步验证了方法的准确度和精密度，加标回收率在96.8%-103%之间，相对标准偏差为2.1%。试验表明，该方法准确可靠，实际操作具有可行性，适用于工业废水和受污染地表水中总铬的测定。     

合肥市环巢湖地区种植业面源污染监测与评价

通过2016-2018年在合肥市环巢湖5个县区主要农田周边沟渠中采集水样,监测农田氮磷流失浓度,并评价该区域种植业面源污染状况。结果表明,这3年该区域种植业TN、TP流失的平均质量浓度分别为3.48 mg/L、0.602 mg/L,均高于地表水Ⅴ类水质标准。2016年与2017年TN、TP浓度差异不大,2018年较前两年TN浓度有所提高,TP浓度相比显著降低。巢湖市农田沟渠水中TP浓度高于其他县区,TN浓度相对较低;NO-3 N浓度庐江县高于其他县区;NH 3 N地区间几乎没有差异。TP和NH 3 N浓度均为秋季高于夏季,TN和NO-3 N浓度均为夏季高于秋季。     

邻菲啰啉直接光度法测定水中总铁

为了准确快速测定印染企业生产用水中的铁，探讨了Fe3＋在水浴和室温25℃时的还原反应试验，发现在这2个条件下Fe3＋均能被盐酸烃胺快速还原为Fe3＋，进而提出了测定水中总铁的新方法——邻菲哕啉直接光度法。并对该方法的检出限、显色络合物的稳定性、干扰及消除、盐酸用量、校准曲线、精密度和准确度进行了试验。检出限为0．03mg／L，显色络合物显色15min可稳定6个月，精密度RSD〈4．32％，加标回收率为95．3％～103％。通过地下水、地表水、工业废水和铁标准样品的比对实验表明，邻菲哕啉直接光度法与邻菲啰啉光度法（标准法）的测定结果无显著差异。